1. Han Yu's [Miscellaneous Theory] (4) Full text and annotations
Miscellaneous Theory (4)
[Tang Dynasty] Han Yu
Solution: There are four original questions in this article, and this is the fourth one. The so-called miscellany is a kind of literary and artistic argumentative essay, which is similar to modern miscellaneous feelings and essays. It is eclectic and flexible in form. It is occasionally inspired by the heart and turned into a text. It does not necessarily need to be a systematic view to express a point, so it is called "miscellaneous theory". Although "Za Shuo" is named after "Za", it requires "Za" but not "Za", and "Qing" can be found in "Za". The materials can be improvised and the writing style can be as free as possible; but the intention should be high and the excavation should be deep. The veins must be clear and the pen and ink must be clean, so that the profound meaning can be conveyed in the image and the edge and edge can be hidden in the twists and turns. Although Han Yu's miscellany is short in length, it is "emotional and twists and turns from ancient times, simple and grand in scale, most lawful, and with more transformations and changes" (Qing Dynasty Chang Yuzhao's words), and the brilliance of his ink spills over the ruler. In addition to the painting, he still has the consistent characteristics of being arrogant and smooth, powerful and ambitious, so he has always been regarded as a model. This article is inspired by the story of Bole Xiangma. The whole text uses metaphors, parallel reversals, and parallels to explain the great significance of recognizing and utilizing talents. There is a question and a sigh at the end of the chapter, and the twists and turns contain the meaning of infinite injustice. According to the meaning of the text, some people believe that it was written in the eleventh year of Zhenyuan (795) after the Prime Minister Sanshang failed to seek an official position.
There is Bole in the world [1], and then there is the thousand-mile horse. A thousand-mile horse always exists, but a thousand-mile horse does not always exist. Therefore, although there is a famous horse, it will be humiliated and died in a stall in the hands of slaves, and is not called a thousand-mile horse.
A horse that travels a thousand miles can eat as much grain or stone as it eats [3]. Those who eat horses [4] do not know that they can run a thousand miles and eat; even though this is a horse that can run a thousand miles, it is not full of food, lacks strength, and its beauty is not visible [5]. Moreover, if you want to be like an ordinary horse, you cannot get it. Do you want it to be able to travel thousands of miles?
If the horse is not driven in the right way [6], if it is fed, it cannot use its talents, if it is called, it cannot understand its meaning, and if it is driven by the horse, it will be said: "There is no horse in the world." !"Alas! Is there really no horse evil? In fact, I really don’t know about horses [7]!
——Selected from "Mr. Changli's Collection" published by Dongyatang
[Translation]
Only after Bole was born in the world would a thousand-mile horse be discovered. However, although thousand-mile horses are common from generation to generation, Bole is not always available. Therefore, although there are many good horses, they can only be ruined in the hands of grooms, and finally die in the stables one after another, and cannot be famous as thousand-mile horses.
Those thousand-mile horses often eat a stone of millet in one meal. But the people who feed the horse don't know that it can run thousands of miles in a day, so they just feed it like an ordinary horse. Therefore, although those good horses have the ability to travel thousands of miles in a day, they are not full of food and have insufficient strength. Therefore, their strength and strength cannot be expressed. In this way, even if they want to be like ordinary horses, it is impossible to say that they can travel in a day. What about Qianli?
(Nowadays, those who raise horses do not know that they have a thousand-mile horse in their hands.) Therefore, they cannot ride according to their nature; when feeding, they cannot give enough food to make them give full play to their talents. Although the horse whines, people cannot control it. But I don't understand what it means at all. He also held a riding whip and said to it in a serious manner: "There is no thousand-mile horse in the world!" Alas! Is it true that there is no thousand-mile horse, or is it true that one does not recognize a thousand-mile horse?
Notes
[1] Bole: A native of the Spring and Autumn Period, Qin Mugong, his surname was Sun Mingyang, and his courtesy name was Bole. He is famous for being good at looking at horses (see "Warring States Policy: Chu Ce", "Zhuangzi: Horse Shoe Chapter", etc.), so he has always been regarded as a representative who is good at identifying talents. 〔2〕 Parallel death: Death in parallel. Zaofang: The utensil for holding horse feed is called a trough, and the stable is called a stable. The stable is a parallel compound word, which refers to a stable. 〔3〕 Yi Shi: Quantitative word, still referring to a meal. [4] Food (sì四): used as a verb, that is, to feed. The same below. 〔5〕See (xiàn present): through "present", to show it. 〔6〕Ce: The instrument used to whip horses. It is used as a verb here, meaning to spur and control. 〔7〕Also: It is connected with "ye", which is an interrogative modal particle. Here, a rhetorical question is used to strengthen the mood. 2. Ask for the accurate original text of Han Yu's "Miscellaneous Theory II"
"Miscellaneous Theory"
Author: Han Yu of the Tang Dynasty
Miscellaneous Theory One "Dragon Theory"
Han Yu
The dragon's breath turns into clouds, and the clouds are as solid as the dragon's. However, the dragon rides on the Qi, the vast ocean is as dark as the mysterious world, the sun and moon are thin, the light is invisible, the earthquake and lightning are felt, the gods are changing, the soil under the water, the Miling Valley, and the clouds are also strange.
Yun, what the dragon can do is become a spirit. If it is the spirit of a dragon, it cannot be made into a spirit by Yun Zhi. However, the dragon is unable to obtain the cloud, and its spirit is incomparable. If you lose your support, you will not be able to trust. What a surprise! What he relies on is what he does.
Yi said: "The cloud follows the dragon." He said: "The dragon, the cloud follows the dragon."
Miscellaneous Theory 2 "Yi Shuo"
A good doctor , It's just a matter of not looking at a person's infertility, just checking whether his veins are diseased; a person who is good at planning the world, not looking at the safety of the world, just looking at the disorder of his rules and regulations. The world is the people; safety is the fat and barren; discipline is the pulse. If the pulse is not diseased, even if it is barren, there will be no harm; if the pulse is diseased but fat, the person will die. Anyone who understands this will know why it is the world! During the decline of the Xia, Yin, and Zhou dynasties, the princes began to fight and attack. It has been passed down to dozens of kings but the world is unyielding, how can the rules and regulations be kept? The king of Qin has no power in the world, and he has no power among the princes. He gathers his troops and burns them. If it is passed down for two generations and the world falls, the discipline and principles will be destroyed.
Therefore, although the four branches have no cause, they are not enough to rely on, they are just pulses; although there is nothing happening in the four seas, they are not enough to be cautious, they are just disciplines. Those who are worried about what they can rely on, those who are afraid of what they can rely on, and those who are good at medicine and good at planning are said to be supported by heaven. "Book of Changes" says: "Look at the performance and test the auspiciousness." Those who are good at medicine and good at planning will do it.
Miscellaneous Note Three "The Biography of Cui Shanjun"
Isn't it strange that Tan Shengzhi is called "The Biography of Cui Shanjun" and is called He Yan! However, when I look at people, I hope they can fulfill their nature and are not like animals and foreign objects. What is the behavior of those who are cynical and evil and never come back? The saints of the past had heads that were like those of cows, shapes that were like snakes, beaks that were like those of birds, and faces that were covered with veils. They all look alike but are completely different from each other. Can they be called inhumane? That is to say, there is a person with flat ribs and beautiful skin, a face like a walnut, and a very beautiful person. His appearance is like a human being, but his heart is like an animal. How can he be called evil? However, the right and wrong of one's appearance is not as good as one's heart and the ability of one's actions. The disciples of Confucius did not say anything about strange things about the gods, but General Yu made it out of his cynicism, so the title goes like this.
Miscellaneous Theory 4 "Horse Theory"
There is Bole in the world, and then there is the thousand-mile horse. Thousand-mile horses often exist, but Bole does not always exist. Therefore, even though there is a thousand-mile horse, it will be carelessly grown and be grown dead in a stall, never being called as a thousand-mile horse.
A horse that travels a thousand miles can eat as much grain as a stone. Those who eat horses don’t know that they can travel thousands of miles and eat. Although this horse is capable of running a thousand-mile, it is not full of food, lacks strength, and its talent and beauty are not apparent. Moreover, it is impossible to be equal to an ordinary horse. How can I expect it to be able to run a thousand-mile?
If the horse is not driven according to the right way, if the food is not used to its full potential, if the sound of the horse is not understood, the horse will come to him and say: "There is no horse in the world." Woohoo! Is there really no horse evil? In fact, I really don’t know about horses! 3. What are Han Yu’s classical Chinese works?
There are many.
For example:
The argumentative essay plays an important role in Korean. Medium and long-length works with the main content of respecting Confucianism and opposing Buddhism include "Yuan Dao", "On the Bone Table of Buddha", "Yuan Xing", "Shi Shuo", etc. Most of them have a strict layout and clear layers. Essays that ridicule the current situation of society. Short stories such as "Miscellaneous Comments" and "Huolin Jie" have clever metaphors and profound messages; long essays such as "Song of the Poor" and "Jinxue Jie" use the question and answer format, with humorous writing style, unique conception and sharp edge. Bilu. It discusses literary thoughts and writing experiences with diverse genres, changeable writing styles, fantastic images, and superb theories. Narrative writing plays a larger role in Korean. Those who study Confucian classics, such as "Ping Huaixi Stele", use the style of "Shang Shu", "Ya", and "Song", which are grand in length, extremely heavy in sentences, and hearty; "Painting Notes" directly narrates many characters, and the writing style is detached from the "Shang Shu·Gu Ming", "Zhou Li·Kaogong Ji·Zi Renzhi". Those that inherit the historical prose tradition of "Historical Records", such as the famous "Postscript to the Biography of Zhang Zhongcheng", integrate narrative, discussion, and lyricism. Study "Historical Records" and "Hanshu" and describe the characters vividly and uniquely without discussing them, such as "The Epitaph of Wang Jun who tried to comment on Dali", "The Epitaph of Zhang Jun in Qinghe", etc. Memorials to literary friends can highlight the characteristics of different writers, such as "Liu Zihou's Epitaph", "Nanyang Fan Shaosu's Epitaph", "Mr. Zhen Yao's Epitaph", etc. However, among the large number of tombstones and epitaphs, Han Yu also had some works of "grave flattery" (which refers to the act of singing praises to the deceased and exaggerating the praise in epitaphs regardless of his merits), which was ridiculed at the time.
Among the lyrical memorial essays, one type writes about the deep feelings of flesh and blood, using prose form, breaking the convention of four-character rhyme, such as "Essay on Commemoration of Twelve Langs"; the other type writes about friendship with friends and life in adversity, using four-character rhyme, Such as "Memorial to Zhang Yuan of Henan" and "Memorial to Liu Zihou". In addition, letters such as "A Letter to Meng Dongye" and prefaces such as "Preface to Yang Shaoyin" are also masterpieces with a certain appeal. Han Yu also has some other prose works, such as "The Biography of Mao Ying" and "Preface to Shiding Couplet Poems", which are completely fictional and close to legendary novels. Han Yu's prose is full of momentum, with vertical and horizontal opening and closing, odd and even oddities, and clever metaphors. It may be cunning or serious, and its artistic characteristics are diverse. It has swept away the soft and parallel writing style since the Six Dynasties.
He was good at discarding the language of his predecessors and refining the spoken language of the time, such as "fly camp and dog dog" ("Song Qiongwen"), "same work but different tunes", "collect and incorporate everything" ("Jinxuejie") ) and other novel words are common in Korean. He advocated "wen follows the order of words", created a written prose language refined on the basis of spoken language, and expanded the expressive function of classical Chinese style. But he also has a kind of arrogant prose. He said that he "cannot give at the right time, only to play with himself" ("Songqiongwen"), which had a certain influence on later generations. Han Yu is also a famous poet. His artistic features are mainly strange, majestic and grotesque. Such as "Luhun Mountain Fire and Huangfu's Rhyme", "Lunar Eclipse Poetry Imitation of Yuchuan Zi Zu", etc. are weird and profound in content; "Nanshan Poetry", "Yueyang Tower Farewell to Dou Sizhi", "Meng Dongye's Lost Son", etc. The realm is majestic. However, in the pursuit of novelty, Korean poetry often tends to fill in unfamiliar words, idioms, and rhymes. Han Yu also has a kind of simple and natural poems. Korean poetry is in an ancient style and has few modern styles, but there are also excellent verses and quatrains. For example, Qilu "Moved to Languan from the left to show his nephew Xiang", "Answer to Zhang's eleven merits", "Inscribed on Yiliang", Qijue "First sent to Zhang Twelve Pavilions from Tongguan", "Inscribed on the Temple of King Zhao of Chu", etc.
Among the ancient versions of Han collections, Wei Huaizhong of the Southern Song Dynasty's "Collected Works of Mr. Changli" and "Waiji" by Wei Huaizhong of the Southern Song Dynasty are the best; Liao Yingzhong's version of "Collected Works of Mr. Changli", "Waiji" and "Collected Works" are the best; 》 (reproduced by Dongya Hall of Xu family in Ming Dynasty) is the most popular. In the Qing Dynasty, Gu Sili and Fang Shiju each had separate annotated editions of their poetry anthologies. Qian Zhonglian's "Anthology of Han Changli's Poems" is a separate annotated version of the poems of Han Changli.
In addition, those who did collation or supplementary annotations for the Han Collection but did not list the main text included Fang Songqing and Zhu Xi of the Song Dynasty, Chen Jingyun, Wang Yuanqi, Shen Qinhan, Fang Cheng and the modern Xu Zhen of the Qing Dynasty. The most detailed chronology is the Chronicle of Han Zi written by Hongxingzu of the Song Dynasty. The relevant parts of Zhao Yi's "Oubei Poetry", Fang Dongshu's "Zhao Mei Zhan Yan", and Lin Shu's "Research Methods of Han Liuwen" are representative works that comment on his poetry. 4. What are Han Yu's "miscellaneous theories"
Miscellaneous theories" Author: Han Yu of the Tang Dynasty Miscellaneous theories 1 "Dragon Theory" Han Yu's dragon huffed and formed clouds, and the clouds were as solid as dragons.
However, the dragon rides on the air, and the vast ocean is as vast as the mysterious world. The sun and moon are thin, the light is invisible, the earthquake and lightning are felt, the gods are changing, the soil under the water, the Miling Valley, and the clouds are also strange. Yun, what the dragon can do is become a spirit.
If it is the spirit of a dragon, it cannot be made into a spirit by Yun Zhi. However, the dragon is unable to obtain the cloud, and its spirit is incomparable.
If you lose your support, you will not be able to trust. What a surprise! What he relies on is what he does.
Yi said: "The cloud follows the dragon." He said: "The dragon, the cloud follows the dragon."
Miscellaneous Theory 2 "Medical Theory" A good doctor does not regard people's infertility. , It's just a matter of checking whether the pulse is sick; those who are good at planning the world don't care about the safety of the world, it's just a matter of checking whether their discipline is disordered. The world is the people; safety is the fat and barren; discipline is the pulse.
If the pulse is not diseased, even if it is barren, it will not cause any harm; if the pulse is diseased but fat, the person will die. Anyone who understands this will know why it is the world! During the decline of the Xia, Yin, and Zhou dynasties, the princes began to fight and attack.
If there are dozens of kings and the world is not defeated, how can the discipline be kept? The king of Qin has no power in the world, and he has no influence on the princes. He gathers his troops and burns them. If it is passed down to the second generation and the world falls, the discipline and principles will be destroyed.
Therefore, although the four branches have no reason, they are not enough to rely on, it is just the pulse; although there is nothing in the four seas, they are not enough to be cautious, it is just a discipline. Those who are worried about what they can rely on, those who are afraid of what they can rely on, and those who are good at medicine and good at planning are said to be supported by heaven.
"Book of Changes" says: "Look at the performance and test the auspiciousness." Those who are good at medicine and good at planning will do it.
Miscellaneous Notes 3 "The Biography of Cui Shanjun" Talking about life is called "The Biography of Cui Shanjun". Isn't it strange that he is called He Yan! However, when I look at people, I hope they can fulfill their nature and are not like animals and foreign objects. What is the behavior of those who are cynical and evil and never come back? The saints of the past had heads that were like those of cows, shapes that were like snakes, beaks that were like those of birds, and faces that were covered by a veil. They all look alike but are completely different from each other. Can they be said to be inhumane? That is to say, there is a person with flat ribs and beautiful skin, a face like a walnut, and a very beautiful person. His appearance is like a human being, but his heart is like an animal. How can he be called evil? However, the right and wrong of one's appearance is not as good as one's heart and the ability of one's actions.
Confucius’ disciples did not say anything about strange things about the gods, but General Yu made it out of his cynicism and evil, so the title goes like this. Miscellaneous Theory 4 "Horse Theory" There is Bole in the world, and then there is the thousand-mile horse.
Thousand-mile horses often exist, but Bole does not always exist. Therefore, even though there is a thousand-mile horse, it will be carelessly grown and be grown dead in a stall, never being called as a thousand-mile horse.
A horse that travels a thousand miles can eat as much grain as a stone. Those who eat horses don’t know that they can travel thousands of miles and eat.
Although this horse is capable of running a thousand-mile, it is not full of food, lacks strength, and its talent and beauty are not visible. Moreover, if you want to be like an ordinary horse, you cannot get it. How can you expect it to be able to run a thousand-mile! If the horse is not driven according to the right way, if the food is not used to its full potential, if the sound of the horse is not understood, then the horse will come to him and say: "There is no horse in the world." Woohoo! Is there really no horse evil? In fact, I really don’t know about horses. 5. Translation of Han Yu’s Zashuo on Traditional Chinese Medicine
"Miscellaneous Shuo" nbsp; Author: Han Yu of the Tang Dynasty .
However, the dragon rides on the air, and the vast ocean is as vast as the mysterious world. The sun and moon are thin, the light is invisible, the earthquake is felt, the gods are changing, the soil under the water, the Miling Valley, and the clouds are also strange. nbsp; Cloud, what a dragon can do is a spirit.
If it is the spirit of a dragon, it cannot be made into a spirit by Yun Zhi. However, the dragon is unable to obtain the cloud, and its spirit is incomparable.
If you lose your support, you will not be able to trust. What a surprise! What he relies on is what he does.
nbsp; Yi said: "The clouds follow the dragon." He said: "The dragon, the clouds follow it."
nbsp; Translationnbsp; The breath exhaled by the dragon forms clouds, and the clouds Originally no more supernatural than a dragon. But the dragon rides on this cloud to travel around in the vast space, close to the sun and moon, blocking its light, shaking thunder and lightning, changing in miraculous ways, causing rain to fall on the earth, causing valleys to sink.
This cloud is also very magical! nbsp;Yun, it is the dragon's ability that makes it supernatural. As for the dragon's supernatural power, it is not Yun's ability that makes it so.
But the dragon cannot show its supernatural powers without clouds. Losing the cloud it relies on is really not possible.
How strange it is that the dragon relies on the clouds it creates itself. "The Book of Changes" says: "Clouds follow the dragon."
So since it is called a dragon, there should be clouds following it! nbsp; Miscellaneous Theory 2 "Medical Theory" nbsp: A good doctor does not care about the infertility of a person, but only checks whether his pulse is diseased; a person who is good at planning the world does not care about the safety of the world, but only checks the disorder of his rules and regulations. The world is the people; safety is the fat and barren; discipline is the pulse.
If the pulse is not diseased, even if it is barren, it will not cause any harm; if the pulse is diseased but fat, the person will die. Anyone who understands this will know why it is the world! During the decline of the Xia, Yin, and Zhou dynasties, the princes began to fight and attack.
If there are dozens of kings and the world is not defeated, how can the discipline be kept? The king of Qin has no power in the world, and he has no power among the princes. He gathers his troops and burns them. If it is passed down for two generations and the world falls, the discipline and principles will be destroyed.
Therefore, although the four branches have no reason, they are not enough to rely on, it is just the pulse; although there is nothing in the four seas, they are not enough to be cautious, it is just a discipline. Those who are worried about what they can rely on, those who are afraid of what they can rely on, and those who are good at medicine and good at planning are said to be supported by heaven.
"Book of Changes" says: "Look at the performance and test the auspiciousness." Those who are good at medicine and good at planning will do it.
nbsp;Miscellaneous Note Three "The Biography of Cui Shanjun"nbsp;The story of talking about life is "The Biography of Cui Shanjun". Isn't it strange that he is called He Yan! However, when I look at people, I hope they can fulfill their nature and are not like animals and foreign objects. What is the behavior of those who are cynical and evil and never come back? The saints of the past had heads that were like those of cows, shapes that were like snakes, beaks that were like those of birds, and faces that were covered by a veil. They all look alike but are completely different from each other. Can they be called inhumane? That is to say, there is a person with flat ribs and beautiful skin, a face like a walnut, and a very beautiful person. His appearance is like a human being, but his heart is like an animal. How can he be called evil? However, the right and wrong of appearance is not as good as the quality of one's heart and actions.
Confucius’ disciples did not say anything about strange things about the gods, but General Yu made it out of his cynicism and evil, so the title goes like this. nbsp;Miscellaneous Theory 4 "Horse Theory" nbsp;There is Bole in the world, and then there is a thousand-mile horse.
Thousand-mile horses often exist, but Bole does not always exist. Therefore, even though there is a thousand-mile horse, it will be carelessly grown and be grown dead in a stall, never being called as a thousand-mile horse.
nbsp; A horse that travels a thousand miles can eat as much grain as a stone. Those who eat horses don’t know that they can travel thousands of miles and eat.
Although this horse is capable of running a thousand-mile, it is not full of food, lacks strength, and its talent and beauty are not visible. Moreover, if you want to be like an ordinary horse, you cannot get it. How can you expect it to be able to run a thousand-mile! nbsp; The horse cannot be driven according to the right way, the food cannot use it to its full potential, the horse cannot understand its meaning, and the horse cannot understand the meaning of the song. When he comes to the horse and says: "There is no horse in the world." Woohoo! Is there really no horse evil? In fact, I really don’t know about horses! nbsp; Notenbsp; Bole: A native of Qin Mu Gong during the Spring and Autumn Period, his surname was Sun, his given name was Yang, and he was good at looking at horses.
nbsp; 痗: Same as "only", just. Humiliation: humiliation, burying.
nbsp; Parallel: in pairs. Stable: Originally refers to the food container for raising animals, here it refers to the place where horses are raised.
nbsp; Not to be praised as a thousand-mile horse: Not to be praised as a thousand-mile horse. To, according to, preposition.
Praise, praise, praise. nbsp; Horse of a Thousand Miles: A horse (among others) that can run a thousand miles.
It is a particle. In this sentence, "horse" and "thousand-mile person" are partly compound referents.
nbsp; Yisi: Eat once. Or: sometimes.
Eat all the millet and one stone: Eat all the millet and one stone. Complete, complete, used as a verb here, which means "eat all".
Stone, ten buckets of stone. nbsp; food: same as "feed", feeding.
nbsp; Its: refers to a thousand-mile horse, pronoun. Able to travel a thousand miles: Able to walk a thousand miles.
nbsp; is: this, demonstrative pronoun. nbsp; able: talent.
nbsp;Talent and beauty should not be shown externally: Talents and strengths cannot be shown externally. See, same as "appear", reveal.
nbsp; and: will. Desire: Want, want.
Wait: Quite. Not available: impossible.
De, can, means objective conditions permit. nbsp;An: How, where, interrogative pronouns.
nbsp; Policy: control. It refers to a thousand-mile horse, a pronoun.
In its way: use (treat) its method. nbsp; Make the best use of one’s talents: Give full play to one’s talents.
Cai, the same as "cai", refers to the ability to travel thousands of miles. nbsp; Mingzhi: shout at it.
Communicate its meaning: communicate with its mind. nbsp; Execution: holding a riding crop.
Ce, a whip used to drive horses, noun. Linzhi: Lin looks at the horse.
Lin, looking down from a high place. nbsp; Its: modal particle, strengthening the rhetorical tone.
nbsp; Its: modal particle, strengthening the affirmative tone. nbsp; Translationnbsp; There is Bole in the world, and then there will be a thousand-mile horse.
Chollima often exists, but Bole does not often exist. Therefore, even a very expensive horse can only suffer humiliation at the hands of servants and die in a stable with ordinary horses, and cannot obtain the title of a thousand-mile horse.
nbsp; A horse that can travel a thousand miles a day may be able to eat a stone of grain in one meal. The people who feed the horse do not know how to feed it according to its ability to travel a thousand miles a day. (So) Although such a horse has the ability to travel thousands of miles a day, it is not full of food and has insufficient strength. Its talents and beautiful qualities cannot be expressed. If it wants to be equal to an ordinary horse, it cannot be equal, so what? Can you ask it to travel thousands of miles a day? nbsp; spur it on,. 6. Miscellaneous Notes Four Annotations of Han Yu's original text
The light rain on the street is as moist as butter, and the color of grass looks far away but is not there up close.
The best thing about spring is that it is better than the smoke and willows that fill the imperial capital. [About the author] Han Yu (768-824), also known as Tuizhi.
A writer and philosopher in the Tang Dynasty, an advocate of the classical prose movement at that time. A native of Heyang (now Meng County), Henan, his ancestral home is Changli, and he is known as Han Changli in the world. In his later years, he served as the Minister of the Ministry of Personnel, also known as the Ministry of Personnel.
His posthumous title is "Wen", also known as Han Wen Gong. He advocated the ancient prose movement. His prose is listed as the first of the "Eight Great Masters of Tang and Song Dynasties", and he is called "Han Liu" together with Liu Zongyuan. His poems strive to be novel and sometimes dangerous, and have a great influence on Song poetry.
There is "Collection of Mr. Changli". Descendant of aristocrats in the Northern Wei Dynasty, his father Zhongqing was a minor bureaucrat.
[Translation] The thin spring rain on Chang'an Street is as smooth as crisp. There is no green color from a close look, but the grass is green from a distance. Early spring is a great time of year, much better than late spring when the city is full of willows and smoke.
[Explanation] This little poem was written to Zhang Ji, a member of the Ministry of Water Resources. Zhang Ji is the eighteenth among his brothers, so he is called "Zhang Shiba".
The style of the poem is fresh and natural, almost colloquial. It seems ordinary, but in fact it is anything but ordinary.
Han Yu himself said: "Difficulty and poverty often lead to mediocrity" ("Send Wubenshi Returns to Fanyang"). It turns out that his "blandness" was hard-won.
The best sentence in the whole article is "the color of grass looks far away but is not there up close". Just imagine: In early spring in February, in the north, when there are still icicles hanging on the treetops and under the eaves, where is spring? Not even a shadow was seen.
But if it rains a little, the next day, lo and behold, spring is here. The rain's feet gently walked across the earth, leaving traces of spring, that is, the first spring grass buds sprouted. Looking from a distance, it seemed hazy, as if there was a very light green color. It is the color of early spring grass.
Looking at it, people's hearts were filled with joyful business. But when you get closer and take a closer look with infinite joy, you will see sparse and extremely slender buds on the ground, but you can't see the color clearly.
The poet is like a skilled ink painter, swaying his water-soaked brush, faintly showing a trace of green, which is the color of early spring grass. Looking from a distance, there is nothing like it, but when you get closer, you can't see it.
This sentence "The color of grass looks far away but there is nothing up close." It can be said that it captures both distance and near, and expresses the spirit of the empty space. The background of this coloring is the thin drizzle falling on Tianjie (a street in the imperial city).
Looking at the grass color through the raindrops adds a layer of hazy beauty to the grass color in early spring. And the light rain is as moist as cake.
Pastry is butter. After being nourished like this, can the color of the grass not be new? With such a background to set it off, how could the color of the grass not be beautiful? At the end of the day, the poet also made a comparison: "It is better than the smoke and willows that fill the imperial capital."
The poet thinks that the color of grass in early spring is many times better than the scenery of smokey willows everywhere in the city. This is because the color of grass, which “looks far away but seems invisible”, is unique to the early spring. It is soft and full of moisture, symbolizing the spring return of the earth and the renewal of everything.
And what about Yanliu? It's already the time when "willows and willows pile up smoke", not to mention that it's "all over" the city, so it's no longer rare. By late spring in March, the colors are thicker and less attractive.
The use of contrast techniques like this is different from the general one. This is a double writing method in order to highlight the characteristics of spring. "Things are rare and valuable." The color of spring grass in early spring is also very delicate.
"There is no youth in the New Year, and I am surprised to see grass buds in early February" (Han Yu's "Spring Snow"). This is a state of mind.
The harsh winter has just ended, and the remaining cold is still severe. When I suddenly saw this wonderful color of grass, I couldn't help but feel surprised and happy. These light greens were the only decorations on the earth at that time; but in late spring, "the grass and trees know that spring will soon return" (Han Yu, "Late Spring"). At this time, no matter how green the wicker branches are, people have no intention of looking at them, because It lacks that sense of freshness.
Therefore, the poet reminded at the turning point of the third sentence: "The best thing about spring is the best thing about a year." Yes, the plan for a year lies in spring, but the best thing about spring is in early spring.
This poem praises early spring, captures the soul of early spring, and gives readers infinite aesthetic interest, which is even beyond the reach of painting. The poet did not have a colored pen, but he used the language of poetry to depict colors that are extremely difficult to describe - a color that is plain and seems to be there but not there.
Without sharp and detailed observation and superb poetry, it would be impossible to refine the natural beauty of early spring into artistic beauty. 7. The translation of "The Biography of Cui Shanjun" in Han Yu's Four Miscellaneous Essays
If you can't find it, don't paste it randomly, just do it by hand:
The author Tan Shi wrote in his "Cui Shanjun Biography" "Biography" says that those who claim that they live as long as a crane and know the past are really ridiculous. But according to my observation, there are too few people who can fulfill their nature and not behave like animals. And these people are cynical and reclusive. Why is this? Some of the saints of the past had heads like cows, some had bodies like snakes, some had mouths like birds, and some had faces as square and ugly as Mongols. However, they were only similar in appearance to those beasts, but their natures were completely different. Different, can we say that they are not human? Some people have plump bodies, tender and smooth skin, and rosy complexions like cinnabar. They are extremely beautiful. Their appearance is human, but their nature is like animals. So can they still be called people? Therefore, it is better to judge people by their appearance than to observe their words to see whether their actions are correct. We Confucian disciples never believe in the theory of ghosts and gods, so I chose the cynical side of this story to express some thoughts.
8. What are the classical Chinese essays written by Han Yu
The works can be roughly divided into the following categories:
①Expositional essays can be divided into two categories. One is to promote Taoism and Confucianism, such as "Original Dao", "Original Nature", "Original Man"; the other category also has a tendency to clarify the Tao to a greater or lesser extent, but it focuses on reflecting reality and complaining about injustice, and many articles are anti-conventional and anti-traditional. The power of writing is mixed with strong emotional tendencies, such as the most representative "Shi Shuo" and "Horse Shuo".
②Essays, compared with argumentative essays, are more free and casual. They may be long or short, solemn or humorous. The writing varies with the situation and each has its own purpose. For example, "Jinxuejie" uses the method of setting questions and answers to make irony and truth. The whole text uses the method of diction and poetry to arrange parallels and parallels, and the writing is relaxed and lively. The most noteworthy among the essays are those concise short essays that mock reality and have sharp arguments, such as "Miscellaneous Comments" and "Huolin Jie", etc. They are lively and eclectic in form and have high literary value.
③Prefaces (i.e. gift prefaces) are mostly concise, concise and original, expressing various emotions about the real society, such as "Postscript to the Biography of Zhang Zhongcheng", "Preface to Farewell to Li Yuan's Return to Pangu", "Farewell to Mencius" "Preface to Higashino" and so on. In addition, Han Yu also showed his outstanding ability to narrate objects in his biographies and epitaphs, such as "The Biography of Mao Ying" and "Epitaph of Liu Zihou".