"Getting a shower head is better than being a champion", which is Yingying's attitude towards Zhang Sheng's exam. The hard-won love has just been recognized and will soon be separated. "But to avoid acacia, break the subject and leave early. Hearing the word "go also" loosened Jinchuan; Seeing the Shili Pavilion in the distance, I lost my jade muscle. Who knows this hate? " The more painful Yingying's heart is, the more ruthless feudal parents are. Although Yingying couldn't resist the old lady's aim of "three generations of childless sons-in-law", she made it clear categorically that she had an attitude towards this issue. She thinks that "Lian Kai Biandi" is much better than "No.1 scholar". These descriptions make The West Chamber get rid of the stereotype of expressing the parting feelings of talented people and beautiful women, sublimate to the height of denying secular traditional prejudice, and make the artistic image of Generation shine with the spark of democratic thought. "'hollow reputation, small profits', the mandarin duck in two. Wall by wall, one hand heaves a sigh of relief. " Don't forget that these words were said in front of the old lady, which shows Yingying's stubborn and rebellious character. Farewell Pavilion has always been appreciated by people. One of the important reasons is ideological innovation. It not only shows the contradiction between love and feudal parents, but also criticizes the secular concept of pursuing fame and fortune in reading to some extent.
"You must remember this passage. If you see exotic flowers and plants, don't stay here too late." At the end of bidding farewell to the pavilion, Yingying finally said what was hidden in her heart. The word came so suddenly and was surprisingly heavy. "Don't worry about the inequality between the rich and the poor, I am afraid that you will stop your wife from remarrying." Yingying understands that her love with Zhang Sheng has reached a dangerous situation, and Zhang Sheng's victory is a great test of their love. If Zhang Sheng succeeds, he will become the son-in-law of a noble family. If she comes last, the old lady won't admit this white son-in-law. A huge shadow hung over Yingying. Here, we have a glimpse of the great pressure on women in feudal times and the tragic and humiliating position of women in the unequal society between men and women. If Zhang Sheng in the play is not a loyal and honest gentleman, Ying Ying's fate of abandoning his wife is almost inevitable.
Second, Changting farewell language features
The West Chamber contains rich rhetorical skills. According to statistics, 34 positive rhetorical devices are used in the whole drama, which can be said to be a masterpiece of China's ancient rhetoric and an ideal example of the use of rhetorical devices in China's ancient drama.
The author adopts the artistic technique of blending classical words with scenes, which not only absorbs the essence of classical poetry language, but also refines and blends vivid folk spoken language, increasing the colorful colors of the article and enhancing the image and expressive force of the language, making this work colorful, gorgeous and elegant. On the basis of learning from others' strengths, it has been cast and melted, forming its own gorgeous and beautiful language characteristics. This feature is an important factor in the formation of the artistic style of the whole drama Beauty in the Flowers. Without this colorful and colorful language, "beauty in flowers" will be eclipsed.
Its brilliant language features can never be obtained by piling up words and carving words, and have nothing in common with formalism's works specializing in writing and painting. Although the whole drama is gorgeous and brilliant, it is natural and smooth, unobstructed, and there is no stagnation, carving and artificiality. Therefore, the Ming Dynasty drama critic He said: "Wang Shifu is rich and really resigned." ("Four Friends Zhai Cong said") Wang Shizhen said: "So the Northern Song Dynasty will be rolled up with the West Chamber." ("Qu Zao")
(Wu Wen)
The author is not only good at mixing dialect spoken language with music, but also good at mixing classical poetry with music, and even mixing spoken language with classical poetry without being stiff and far-fetched. As the saying goes, "Tailor-made clothes", The Romance of the West Chamber is "borrowing clothes" in many places, borrowing the ready-made sentences and artistic conception of predecessors without revealing the traces of "borrowing". ..... When we read such sentences as "Blue sky and yellow flowers", "Warm and moist jade melts, boiled water, mostly lovesick tears", we will naturally think of Fan Zhongyan's masterpiece Su Curtain Covering:
Blue sky and yellow leaves. The autumn wind is full of waves, and the waves are cold and smoky. The mountain reflects the sun and the sky meets the water. The grass is ruthless, and the sunset is even more outside.
Dark homesickness, thoughts of chasing travel. Every night unless, sweet dreams make people unable to sleep. The bright moon building is high and lonely. Wine becomes sorrow, acacia becomes tears.
Needless to say, Bai Juyi's allusion to "But who among them cried the most". And this Jiujiang officer. My blue sleeves are wet "is used in the story of" Tears on the sleeves are wetter than Sima Qing's shirt ". Because the raw materials are all from the sentences and essence of poetry, the new products melted from them are of course fine products. But then again, good materials may not get good results when they meet poor craftsmen. There is a difference between the so-called chemical industry and the painter, which is similar in spirit and shape. A good word, a good artistic conception, or a good expression method can be inspired and used for reference by clever craftsmen and can be innovated according to their own needs. For example, "Farewell" in "The Romance of the West Chamber" has the words "Around the mountain, in a whip. How can you afford these big and small cars all over the world? " It's too heavy to write goodbye, and a car can't carry it. This meaning was not invented by Master Wang. Dong Jieyuan's "The Story of the Palace Tune in the West Chamber" has a "donkey whip and a half-volume, shoulders double shrugged. Don't ask the severity of sadness, and you can't carry it to a horse. " Because Wang Shifu wrote that Yingying left her sorrow and wanted to change her horse into a car, she couldn't copy Dong Jieyuan's original words, but the weight of writing her sorrow was the same. Dong Jieyuan's description of leaving sorrow and taking horses is not his creation. The poet Shi Xiaoyou's poem "Lou Yuchun" has a metaphor that "spring sorrow is more important than resentment, and I don't believe that horses can carry it". Li Qingzhao's Wuling Spring: "I heard that Shuangxi Spring is still good, and it is also planned to be a canoe. I'm afraid the ship can't carry much. " It can be seen that there are many tools to carry sadness in ancient poems. Riding a horse, riding a car or taking a boat is up to you, but in general, it must conform to the real environment where the characters are located and be conducive to the characterization. It is the master who can achieve mastery, otherwise it is someone else's thing, even if it is very similar.
In a word, the language art of The West Chamber is outstanding. Because Wang Shifu can not only master folk language skillfully, but also absorb the essence of classical poetry for his own use, the wonderful combination of the two forms a unique artistic style with elegance, simplicity, literariness and originality. However, there is a strong poetic sentiment between the lines, which is the main symbol of the success of The West Chamber.
Third, the appreciation of the pavilion farewell
The lyrics of "Rolling Hydrangea" were sung by Yingying on her way to Changting, which mainly used the scenery along the way as a clue to express her feelings and freehand brushwork, showing the complex inner world of the protagonist from different aspects.
"It's hard to tie a willow with a long jade, and I don't care if I hate Lin." "Jade Qi" refers to the bluish-white horse that Zhang Sheng rode; "Money" means please; "Oblique light" refers to oblique sunlight. Yingying saw the long wicker and thought, Isn't this a raw horse? Seeing the sparse Woods, I want to ask them to hold on to the lost sunshine and let time pass slowly. "When the horse leaves, the car will follow." ""means slowly. Zhang Sheng rode in front and Ying Ying rode behind. Yingying told the horse to walk slowly and the car to follow faster, so that she could be closer to Zhang Sheng and spend more time together. "But I told Acacia to avoid it, so I left early." These two sentences mean that just after escaping from the pain of lovesickness between lovers, they began to be together and soon separated. "I heard a' go' and let go of the gold; Seeing the Shili Pavilion in the distance, my muscles dropped: Who knows this hate? " "Gold" is a gold bracelet worn on the wrist; "Long Pavilion" is a farewell pavilion set up beside the avenue in ancient times. As the old saying goes, "Ten-mile pavilion is long and five-mile pavilion is short", so it is called "Ten-mile pavilion". As soon as Yingying heard that Zhang Sheng was leaving, the gold bracelet on her wrist was loosened. Seeing the Farewell Shili Pavilion in the distance, people immediately lost weight. Don't hate this parting. Who knows? Here, the author uses a highly exaggerated expression to describe the lingering parting feelings of Yingying and Zhang Sheng at that time.
Compared with the last paragraph, this lyric is very different in the setting of the scene. Correctness is mainly based on the feeling of the situation. The bleak autumn scenery leads Yingying away from sadness rather than hatred. The lyrics of "Rolling Hydrangea" mostly use the technique of emotion and scenery. All these descriptions are caused by Yingying's attachment to Zhang Sheng.
The description of Yingying's inner activities depends not on pale and vague words, but on vivid images. The author brings the scenery of heaven and earth and even the jewelry of horses and chariots, endowing them with rich association and exaggeration as a means to express their feelings. This makes the abstract characters' feelings very concrete, true, delicate and moving.
Talking about this lyric, first of all, Yingying said that she was very sad and sulky when she saw the horses and chariots off. Moreover, it is said that I have no intention of dressing up, and I can only spend it in lethargy and crying from now on. Then, there was a helpless lament: "Why not kill people if you are not bored?" Killing people is not boring? ""Wu's' no' means how not to; " "Ye Yao Ge" is a lining word in Quci, which has no practical significance. The overlapping meaning of these two sentences is: why not be bored to death? Why not be bored to death? However, boredom and lamentation could not save her from Zhang Sheng's departure, so she finally told Zhang Sheng, "Please send me books and letters in fear after a long time. The "cable" here means must and should panic "means hurry, hurry. These two sentences tell Zhang Sheng to write back as soon as possible after breaking up.
This lyric is Yingying's painful parting in front of her husband and the closest maid matchmaker. Therefore, it is different from the inner monologue of straightening up and rolling hydrangea. The lyrics of the whole song are open and straightforward, and some common spoken words are used, such as horses, flowers, quilts, sleeves, boiling and frying, and groggy. The author skillfully combines these daily spoken languages, creating a cycle of syllables and phonology with a series of parallelism and overlap, resulting in the artistic effect of "singing three sighs".
When Yingying, Zhang Sheng and the matchmaker met the old lady, the farewell banquet began. In front of the harsh and heartless old lady, Yingying can't show her feelings to the fullest. She can only sigh and grieve. After the banquet, the old lady left first. At this time, Yingying and Zhang Sheng can talk about their confidence. Here, there is a song called "Play with Children". ……
At the beginning of this song, the author uses allusions to render Yingying's inner sadness. "It's wetter than Sima Qing's shirt." "Red Tears", an ancient legend, once had a young girl elected to the palace. When she was separated from her parents, she cried bitterly. She held the jade pot in tears, and the jade pot was dyed red. Later, the tears that women shed when they were very sad were called "red tears". The last two sentences in Bai Juyi's long poem Pipa Xing in Tang Dynasty are "wetter than Sima Qing's shirt": "But who among them cried the most? ? This Jiujiang official. My blue sleeves are wet. " "Jiangzhou Sima" was the official name of Bai Juyi at that time, referring to Bai Juyi. The meaning of these two sentences is that Yingying's tears from the pain of parting soaked her clothes, more than Bai Juyi's tears when listening to the pipa girl play. Next, the author further described Yingying's mood in a metaphorical way: "Shrike flew east to Yan Xi and asked the return date before boarding the plane." Shrike is a kind of bird. Shrike and swallow are about to fly east and west. Before they left, they asked about the date of their future meeting. After these extravagant descriptions, the feelings of the characters developed to a climax. At this time, the author avoided the tide and used a new pen: "Although our eyes are thousands of miles away, let's raise our glasses." Even if it is going to be thousands of miles away soon, let's have another drink at the party. This is a comforting word when you turn from extreme sadness to helplessness. This sum, though beyond imagination, is reasonable. Make the whole lyrics patchwork, and the inner activities of the characters also appear ups and downs. After such ups and downs, the author indulges in pen and ink, pushing the feelings of the characters to a climax: "Get drunk before drinking, with blood in your eyes and gray in your heart." "Get drunk first if you don't drink" is a sentence in Liu Yong's recent lyrics. The original text is "Get drunk if you don't drink". Master Wang changed it to "get drunk first and then drink", which means more. These three sentences mean that there is no need to drink any farewell wine. I haven't drunk yet, and my heart has long been infatuated! After the tears are exhausted, there is blood, and this heart has already been tortured like ashes. This is in contrast to the above saying that "although people are thousands of miles away, they should try to have a glass of wine before drinking", which is a sudden change of feelings, from temporary relief to temporary sadness. In fact, the first two sentences are the comparison of the last three sentences. It can be said that this is a way of thinking first, thinking high and then low.