I. Teaching requirements
1. Ask for a clear meaning, and master the main emotions and themes of this article.
2. Grasp the artistic features of this article, and then understand the style features of Ouyang Xiu's prose.
Second, the main points of learning
1. Key words to solve the problem
Ouyang Xiu; Shi yannian; Eulogy; the eight great prose masters of the Tang and Song dynasties
2. Content tips
This article is a eulogy written by Ouyang Xiu to his good friend Shi Yannian. This paper is slightly narrative, nuanced in lyricism and exposition, and full of deep feelings. The life story of history is basically not traced back in the eulogy, but mainly through the discussion of the rise and fall of things, the life and death of people, the survival of form and name to express the nostalgia for friends. There are contradictions between subjective and objective, common sense and psychology in the discussion, which are full of twists and turns, deep and sad, and deeper and deeper, which embodies Owen's characteristic of "supplementing the rest, making a hundred turns and thousands of turns". The whole article is sincere and sentimental, which is the moving part of this article.
Third, the creative background
Shi (994- 104 1), a writer in the Northern Song Dynasty, was brilliant, met people with bad manners, drank excessively and was cynical. Ouyang Xiu is his best friend. They met in the first year of Jingyou, Song Renzong (1034), when they were collating with Guanting, less than a year later. After years of separation, when they met again, Shi was haggard and old. Soon, Shi Ying, 48, died young. Ouyang Xiu once wrote "Crying for" and "Keeping the Tomb of Stone", deeply mourning the stone. The poem "Weeping Man Qing" says, "Alas, I know your husband too late, so you still insist that you are a gentleman. I believe that the world is strange and can't be grasped. Grand and afraid of shocking the world, hiding the fragrance of wine. Without a glass, the Kunming market will be drained. Write a hundred poems, and Jin Group talks about Joan. Always get out of danger, and occasionally study it carefully. Qiong Qi Cloud, Search for Pan Jiao Fish. Many poems are written by myself, and the brushwork is Yan and Yu. Abandon and cherish it, there are more than a few today. It is better to fall into the world than pearls. ..... When he retired from the mountain, he also denounced the Jianghu. Four or five years later, the personnel suddenly changed. When I came back to see the capital, my heart was breaking. But no matter how shocking, it doesn't make any sense today. Only a few people are tall, if they are wide and sparse. When Hua Yi was young, she aspired to Wan Li. Once old, I still think about Yushan. ..... Now that a strong man is dead, I regret that there is no virtuous fool. The soul vortex returns to the field, and the grass is exposed to spring. " In the poem, Shi's poetic talent and calligraphy art are greatly appreciated, and he regrets that he met very late and didn't get together much. He also expressed great sorrow for Shi's talent and untimely death. In The Stone Tombs, Ouyang Xiu made a comprehensive analysis of his articles, talents, strange festivals and great achievements. Twenty-six years after the death of Shi, Ouyang Xiu sent people to worship at the stone tomb and made a eulogy to express his deep memory of his close friend.
IV. Text Interpretation
1. Read the text aloud.
Recite the text.
2. Text analysis
The first paragraph is a routine. Every eulogy should point out the relationship between time and characters in the first paragraph.
The second paragraph began to enter the body of the eulogy, and it was a "Alas, Man Qing", which was abrupt and emotional. As if to wake up a dead friend from the ground, talk to him carefully. What do you want to talk about? The words "born for Britain, die for spirit" are the eyes of this paragraph. These eight words seem to comfort the soul of a dead friend. As the saying goes, "When a person dies, a good reputation is immortal." .
The third paragraph begins with "Alas, Man Qing" to tell my dead friend everything. This paragraph, bounded by "helplessness", has two meanings. "Helpless" is followed by the last paragraph, or "born for Britain and died for the spirit". Below Helpless, the pen tip turns sharply, and the words "wild smoke and wild vines" vividly describe a desolate scene of a deserted grave, which makes people wonder "Where will the past and the present go?" The sorrow of a pile of grass in the wasteland. Between the two meanings of "one guest, one master", the former is only the reason, just for comparison, and the latter is the focus and the core of the whole article.
The fourth paragraph begins with "Alas, Man Qing", just telling my dead friend all the feelings in my heart. And the spirit of a paragraph is that you can't forget it. The word "solid" of "knowing why" is good, which constitutes a turning point with the word "two" below. It's not that I don't know the immortal truth of fame; It's not that I don't know that the sky is always empty and sadness is useless. However, when I think of the past, how can I forget the sad memories of those songs! Reason, after all, can't control emotions. It is not difficult to understand and accept some great truths rationally; But after all, the feelings of the soul are dribs and drabs, and the sadness of the past is silently filled. Sadness comes from this and cannot be cut off.
The memorial text is divided into three paragraphs: the first paragraph is about the name of immortality, the second paragraph is about the eternal space, and the third paragraph is about not forgetting feelings. These three paragraphs all begin with "Alas Man Qing" and have strong emotional shock. Yue Fei's poem Xiao Zhongshan says: "If you want to give your heart to Yao Qin, who will listen if you don't have many bosom friends?" This article is also the sorrow of the death of a bosom friend.
The article is not long, but the emotion is full of turning points. There is a turning point between the first paragraph and the second paragraph of the text, and the last paragraph itself contains a turning point. After all, the immortal name in the first paragraph is not as good as the eternal emptiness in the second paragraph; The reason at the end of the paragraph is detached, and after all, the enemy can't compete with the quiet infiltration of emotions. After the turning point, we can see the weight and heaviness, but the words "sadness" and "emotion" are nothing more than the end. Ouyang Xiu and Ceng Yun: "People are born infatuated with love", and they also believe it.
The full text is controlled by emotion, in one go, without false decoration, but the structure is wonderful. In this article, Xu Bei's four words of "majestic and upright" push us to comment on this article. The immortality of the first paragraph, how firm! It's all empty talk, and there is a tendency for Youlong to go to sea. The second paragraph is about the emptiness of the times, but it completely erases the first paragraph. Without the pen power of pulling mountains and rivers, it will never be done. The first two sections are open, but the last section is closed tightly, like a gate, locking two Youlong tightly. It can be seen that the writing skills of literary masters at that time.
Translation:
On a certain day in July of the fourth year of Zhiping, the prefect Ouyang Xiu sent the prefect Li Yang to Taiqing, offering sake and delicacies, paying homage at the tomb of the deceased, and writing down the memorial:
Alas, Man Qing! You were an outstanding man before your death, and you will become a god after your death. That, like all things, has life and death, and belongs to nothing, which is your temporary polymer; Different things will be destroyed together, but what is immortal in Li Zhuo is your name. These are the ancient sages, all of whom are without exception. Those recorded in the history books are as bright as the sun and stars.
Alas, Man Qing! Long time no see, I seem to remember your usual appearance. Your attitude is extraordinary, your appearance is handsome, your Li Zhuo is tall, and you are buried underground. I don't think it will become soil, but it should become the essence of jade. Otherwise, it will grow a few thousands of feet-high pine trees or nine-rooted Ganoderma lucidum. How can it be forbidden to be covered with weeds and thorns, and under the wind and rain, fireflies will be wildfires; I saw the shepherd boy and the woodcutter singing up and down there, together with the frightened birds and animals, wandering sadly and twittering! This is true today. Even after thousands of years, how do we know that it will not become a cave for hiding foxes or gophers? Ancient sages had the same experience. Don't you see the endless wilderness and desolate city?
Alas, Man Qing! I know the truth of ups and downs, but I feel sad and sad when I think of the past, and I shed tears unconsciously. I'm really ashamed that I can't reach the realm of ancient saints. I hope you like it!
3. Discussion on the difficulties of the text
Please discuss how the imagination of the stone tomb in the third paragraph shows the author's mood.
Key points of the answer: sad; Disappointed; Sympathize with the fate of ancient sages.
4. Related comments
Sad and graceful. (Kun's Eight Great Banknotes in Tang and Song Dynasties, Volume 31)
I was completely relieved, but I was thinking about the pain of acacia, so I wrote a bottom-up song, but I didn't feel bottom-up People who don't know are surprised at how their words fall, and they don't know if they fall. (Qing Jin Shengtan "All Talented People Must Read" Volume XIII)
The writing style of the public sacrifice is not as strange as that of North Korea, nor as clear and steep as that of the king. The unique feeling is sentimental, but it is also slightly vulgar, if this article is the same. (Xin's Complete Records of Ten Masters in Tang and Song Dynasties, Complete Records of Laymen on June 1st, Volume 5)
This article mentions Man Qing three times and is divided into three paragraphs: the first paragraph makes him immortal and brilliant in writing; The second paragraph is sad about his own life and death, which is very sad; The third paragraph is sentimental and sad, which can be described as vivid. (Selected Works of Ouyang Luling, edited by Shan Xiaoge, Volume 4)
Quasi-Liu Zi's "Tribute to Lu Hua" is tasteless, and I don't know why people are so good. (Chao Yimen Reading Club, Volume 39)
It has been buried for a long time, and the sacrifices passing by it are desolate, so I can't help but sigh and write the sorrow of its grass. In other words, it is not enough to make classics reading a regular memorial and then suppress it into a trap. Although the words are extremely sad, they can point out the immortal spirit to the image of the market. ("Wen Gu Meiquan" Volume 62 Pu Qilong comments)
In the article, there are three references to Man Qing: one laments his name and is immortal; A sad grave, desolate everywhere; I feel sad when I talk about my friendship. Words are also magnificent and abrupt. (China's View on Ancient Literature, Volume 10)
Sent to Man Qing's grave, it didn't start with death, so it was written on the tombstone, and the wonders of Man Qing's life were connected into his hair. Its main idea is to break away from the part of yongmenzi playing the piano. The literary atmosphere is too strong, and the syllables are so sad that I can't bear to read more. (Lin Qingyun's Modern Translation of Ancient Chinese, Volume 14)
The spirit is vigorous and the syllables are desolate, which is necessary on June 1. (Qing and Kun's "Exegesis of School Phonetics" Volume 74)
Verb (abbreviation of verb) practice
1. Multiple choice problem
(1) Ouyang Xiu's famous history book is ()
A. History of the New Five Dynasties
B. History of the Old Five Dynasties
C. history of song dynasty
D. new Tang book
A: A.
(2) The following does not belong to the Eight Masters of Tang and Song Dynasties ()
A. Ouyang Xiu
B. Sima Guang
C. Su Shi
D. Su Xun
Answer: b
(3) Ouyang Xiu's Preface to Drunk Pavilion was written during his tenure.
A. Hangzhou
B. Chuzhou
C. Yangzhou
D. Luoyang
Answer: b
fill (up) a vacancy
(1) posthumous title after Ouyang Xiu's death was ().
Answer: Wen Zhong.
(2) The name of "history" in Shi Man Qingwen is ().
Answer: Shi Yannian
3. Short answer questions
This paper briefly introduces the lyrical features of Ode to a Qingwen in Shi Man.
Key points of the answer: repeat; Combining direct lyric with indirect lyric; Use the methods of comparison and association.
Six, learning and thinking
1. The main part of this article is mentioned by three sentences "Alas, Man Qing". After each sentence, in what way do you think of your late friend history?
A: See the second explanation in the textbook. The purpose is to let students master the structural framework of the article.
2. Lin Yunming, a native of the Qing Dynasty, lamented that Wen Qing, a Sacrifice to Shi Man, was too literary and could not bear to read more "(see Analysis of the Meaning of Ancient Chinese). This paper analyzes the lyrical way of the author in the article.
Answer: Refer to the third paragraph of the text notes. (1) direct expression combined with emotional expression; (2) Blending scenes, especially the third paragraph; (3) The words are dark, giving people a sad atmosphere.
Seven. Exhibition of related works of art
Appreciation of Ouyang Xiu's original calligraphy
Burning aitie
Ancient books and postscript collections