In this lonely hotel, there is only one lonely blind date who comes to offer condolences.
Tonight is the last night of the year, and I am wandering thousands of miles away.
Looking back on the past, it is an insignificant thing, sad and sad; Lonely, I only have a wry smile and acid.
Sorrow makes my face old and my hair full of white hair. With a sigh, I ushered in a new year. When a poet writes a poem, if it is a natural catharsis of thoughts and feelings, there is always a poem first, then a title, and the title is the summary of the whole poem. The title of this poem is "Except for spending the night in a stone hill", which shows that the main contents of the poem are "Except for spending the night" and "Spending the night". The place to spend the night is "Shek Kong", which means that you spent the night on the road.
The first couplet, "Who asks who in the hotel, the cold lamp is alone and amiable", states that a lonely passenger spends the night in the hotel. Then use the second couplet "Night will be a year, Wan Li has not returned" to supplement that this "night" is "except night", and this "person" is a person who is far away from home.
The third link is to find this "person", who lives alone in a hotel on New Year's Eve. What about his thoughts and feelings? "A teacher who never forgets the past" means that everything in the past, that is, all kinds of strange experiences, are very lonely and frustrated and will only cause sadness. "Laughing at this body" means that this wandering body is ridiculous. Looking back, there is nothing to be proud of now; The next sentence is self-pity. No matter how strong the body is now, it can't stand the wandering life.
The fourth sentence follows the previous one. "Sad decline" is the "fragmented" form of "this body". Such a sad and aging traveler, staying alone in the hotel, will meet again in spring tomorrow, and I really don't know what the future fate will be. The sentence "Tomorrow is spring again" has two meanings: first, its function is to point out the topic and end the whole poem. Tonight is New Year's Eve, tomorrow is New Year's Day, the first day of spring. Said tomorrow, but the meaning is today. Second, the author used the word "you", which was a little unexpected. If we ponder its meaning carefully, we can realize that the author's ideological basis is that there is not much optimistic hope for "every spring" Every spring, every year is still drifting, and tomorrow, it is spring. Below this sentence, the author still has a lot to say for readers to understand. This is called "aftertaste".
Jiang Kui, a poet in the Song Dynasty, once talked about the importance of the meaning in the poem "Poems of Taoist Baishi". He said:
Poetry is expensive and implicit, and Dongpo said, "Those who are inexhaustible are the best in the world." For this reason, the valley is the instrument of the Qing dynasty, singing three sighs and going far. Those who study poetry later don't care? There are no words in every sentence, no long words in the article, bad things are good, sentences have aftertaste, articles have aftertaste, and good things are also good.
As we all know, the best poems must be full of flavor and meaning. In short, don't leave all the words behind, but leave room for readers to think. Poets must reach such an artistic height, and readers also need to have high appreciation ability to explore aftertaste and meaning.
This poem has always been regarded as a famous work in the Five Laws of the Tang Dynasty. Its fame is entirely due to the fact that "a year will last all night, and Wan Li has not returned people". Throughout the ages, people who live in hotels at the age of 30 will always recite these two sentences sadly, thinking that the poet vividly expressed his sparse and fragmented feelings on his behalf. Therefore, these two poems became famous sentences in Tang poetry. But these two poems were not created by Dai Shulun, but he stole them. As early as 200 years ago, Liang Wudi Xiao Yan had a "Winter Song":
A year will be over, and Wan Li people have not returned.
Your ambition is innate, but my body is powerless.
Wang Wei's poem "Send the mountain to Jiangdong" says: "Five lakes and three acres of houses, Wan Li is still human." This is evidence of Dai Shulun's stolen goods. Liang Wudi wrote about a woman who missed her husband who was not at home on New Year's Eve. Dai Shulun changed a word and the structure of two sentences, emphasizing "night" and "person", which became the epigram in his poems.
Stealing ancient ready-made sentences is not prohibited in literary and artistic creation, and it has always been allowed. It is ok to steal without changing a word, as long as it is used well. Changing a few words is not a crime. However, contemporary with Dai Shulun, there was a monk who could write poems, whose legal name was Jiao Ran. He wrote a book called Poetic Style. This is a book that studies the method of writing poetry, and it is also a theoretical work of poetics in Tang Dynasty. He talked about three ways to steal poems: one is to steal words, that is, to steal sentences from predecessors. Second, stealing meaning is stealing the artistic conception of predecessors. Third, stealing power is to attack the style and momentum of the predecessors. He thinks that stealing power is smart and forgivable, stealing intention is unforgivable, and stealing words is robbery on the line, which is the most blunt thief and must be convicted. In his opinion, Dai Shulun's writing of these two poems is a blunt thief's behavior and should be completely denied.
People who read Tang poetry may not all know that poets can be thieves. Ordinary readers don't know that Dai Shulun stole Liang Wudi's poems, but he only commented on them. It is recognized that these two poems are profound and can resonate. Thus, the nameless sentences in Liang Wudi's poems suddenly shine brightly in Dai Shulun's poems, which is the skill of turning the stone into gold. I'm afraid it's not a "blunt thief" to steal the law like this.
But critics who are sure that these two poems are epigrams also have different views. Wu Shanmin approved: "It is healthy to turn over." ("Comments on Tang Poetry") means that although it was translated into sentences by the ancients, it was very vigorous. However, Wu Changqi's comment on writing said: "A warning is inevitable, which is better than the sentence' My younger brother is not in Jiangnan'." He admitted that the couplet was an epigram, but thought it was false. There is an interesting story in the notes of Song people. It is said that someone wrote a poem describing his life experience, one of which said: "My brother died in Jiangnan, but my brother died in Saibei." Someone saw it and was saddened by it, saying, "You are so unfortunate. All your brothers died in the rebellion. " The poet replied; "I really don't have a brother. Just a poem. " This is a satirical poet's boastful story. Wu Changqi said that Dai Shulun's couplets are inevitably boastful, but they are better than "my younger brother is not in Jiangnan". I think this comment is too much. Except for the word "Wan Li", Dai Shulun's couplets are all realistic. How can they be compared with the imaginary "My younger brother is not in the south of the Yangtze River"? Wu Changqi's comments are those of Tang Ruxun. Tang commented: "Young Gong went to the stone not far away, but Wan Li didn't return, and poets often made false accusations." (Interpretation of Tang Poetry) He thinks that Dai Shulun is from Jintan, and the stone is the guide to the capital, which is very close, so it is a false word to use "Wan Li does not return". Textual research on this poem in Dai Shulun's Complete Tang Poetry: "A stone bridge pavilion". It can be seen that the original problem of this poem is that there is a version entitled "Except sleeping in Shiqiao Hall". Besides, "stone" does not necessarily guide capital. There is a stone city in Hubei, which poets often call the stone city. In this way, we can't be sure that the hotel where the author stayed on New Year's Eve is not far from his hometown. The word "Wan Li" represents a concept of "far", which is a common word in the poet's works. It has been used many times in Du Fu's poems, and no one has ever commented that it is bragging. Li Bai's poem "Three thousands of feet with White Hair" represents a concept of "length" with "three thousands of feet". A trip to Wan Li is easy to get, and it is absolutely impossible to make a trip with a height of 3,000 feet. But is this sentence of Li Bai more "fake"? Tang and Wu always have good comments on Tang poetry, but it is a bit pedantic to suddenly ridicule Dai Shulun's couplet and almost completely deny its role in literary exaggeration. In Wen Xin Diao Long, Liu Xie wrote a series of exaggerations and devoted himself to exaggeration in literary rhetoric. He thinks that when describing things with exaggerated rhetoric, you can get the effect of "boasting", and the description is vivid and outstanding. But he also said: "poor decoration, the heart will rise;" If you exaggerate your reasons, you will have a good name. " Therefore, it is the limit of exaggeration to "exaggerate but restrain, decorate but not fake". Dai Shulun's The Return of Wan Li People cannot be said to have crossed this boundary. Shen Deqian also had doubts about the word "Wan Li" and gave a new explanation. He said: "Wanli should have come back, and he stayed in Shigang before he got home. Otherwise, what is the distance between Shicheng and Jintan, and what is the cloud Wan Li? "He also affirmed that Shitie was at the gate of Nanjing, so he described" Wan Li has not returned "as a person who has not yet arrived home thousands of miles away. This statement seems reasonable, but it still doesn't make sense, because if Dai Shulun comes home from thousands of miles away and meets New Year's Eve and the ship stops at the gate of Nanjing, he can reach Jintan's home in a day or two. Will he still have such thoughts and emotions? Reading through the whole poem, anyone can feel that this statement is not poetic.
From Han poetry to Wei-Jin poetry, from Wei-Jin poetry to Song-Qi poetry, from Song-Qi poetry to Liang Chengong poetry, from palace poetry to Tang poetry, each era has new development and formed its own style. However, in terms of language, thoughts and feelings, expressions, etc., future generations will inevitably have signs of learning from the previous generation. In the five-character poems and Yuefu poems in Wei and Jin Dynasties, Chinese poems are often borrowed to make sentences. There are also many poems of the Six Dynasties in the works of poets in the Tang Dynasty. Wang Yuyang once pointed out in Poems with Classrooms that Wang Wei's poem "stagnant water can be extremely good, knowing Haidong" used Xie Lingyun's poem "Hongbo can't be extremely good, knowing the east of the big valley". And "Spring grass is green every year, but ah, my friend Prince, what about you?" It is the use of Yu Xin's "Why swim in spring grass, the prince and grandson are gone forever". Also, "building a house under the ancient city is climbing the ancient city at that time" is based on He Xun's "home is under the castle peak, so you can climb the castle peak". And "Don't spoil the present, but forget the past" is Feng Xiaolian's "Although you are favored today, you still remember the past." Also, "In the rustling autumn rain, gurgling stones slide down" is Wang Rong's "gurgling stones slide down, cotton fragrant hills rain". In addition, Meng Haoran's poem "Go to the wild in the south, the fallen leaves return to the roots, and the north wind is Shui Han" is based on Bao Zhao's poem "Trees fall down and rivers are cold, geese return to the air to send autumn". Lang Shiyuan's poem "Don't listen to the cicada at dusk, you can smell the fallen leaves." It is based on wujun's poem "Leaves have many thoughts, and cicadas can still hear them." The poems of Wang, Meng and Lang mentioned above are all their famous sentences. Once their source was revealed, we knew that they were all stolen. Some steal the whole sentence, some make slight changes, and some steal the meaning. It was before Dai Shulun, so we can know that Dai Shulun plagiarized Liang Wudi's poems. At that time, he didn't think it was detrimental to creative ethics. Maybe there were many people's poems at that time, all of which were obtained secretly. Therefore, Jiao Ran specifically proposed in his poem that they should be called "dull thieves" to stop this trend. However, despite this, the culture of stealing sentences has always existed throughout the ages. Take Dai Shulun's two sentences as an example. Among his contemporaries or later poets, you can also find syntax suitable for each other. Sikongshu's poem "Xi Outsiders Visiting Hotels on Land" says: "Rain hits yellow leaves, lights shine on hoary heads." Cui Tu's poem "Except Night" says: "A lonely stranger is separated by a snowy patch on a rugged night mountain." Ma Dai's poem "Autumn Chrysanthemum on the Dam" said: "The drooping leaves of foreign trees and the cold light of lanterns are lonely at night." It can be said that it was stolen again. Jiao Ran called it a "blunt thief" and Huang Tingjian called it "turning stone into gold" and "reinventing itself". We might as well call it "making the past serve the present".
1March 3, 9791day