The theory of "the history of poetry" was first seen in Bai Meng's "The Art of Poetry" in the Tang Dynasty: "Du Fu (Fu) met the difficulties of Lushan Mountain, moved to Gansu, Sichuan and wrote poetry, and almost disappeared, so it was named" The History of Poetry "at that time. "Du Fu was a great realistic poet in the Tang Dynasty. He wrote his own experiences and feelings in the Anshi Rebellion with poetic pen, which comprehensively and profoundly reflected the social reality of this period, so he was already called" the history of poetry "at that time. For example, the famous narrative poems "Three Officials" (Xin 'an Official, Shi Haoguan Official, Tongguan Official) and "Three Farewells" (Newly Married, Resignation, Parting) are full of empathy, revealing the profound disasters brought to the people by this war and showing the deep feelings of worrying about the country and the people. Besides Du Fu, some poems written by poets are also called "the history of poetry". "Writing current affairs in Yuefu began with Cao Gong." At the end of Han Dynasty, Cao Cao was good at drawing lessons from folk songs and wrote current affairs in the old Yuefu saying. For example, "Hao" and "Autumn Dew Journey" were originally a kind of miscellaneous elegy, but later they were changed into a five-character style, which was used to "pity the chaos when hurting people", showing the deep disaster brought by the warlord melee at that time to the old people. As "Hao" wrote, "Bones are exposed in the wild, and there are no crows in a thousand miles. There are hundreds of people who have left behind, and their thoughts are broken. " It's totally true. Ming people's evaluation of these poems is: "The record of the end of Han Dynasty is also a history of poetry." Lu You, a great poet in the Song Dynasty, called himself "60-year-old ten thousand poems". He has been engaged in writing for a long time, and his poems are numerous and rich in content, the most prominent of which is the national contradiction, the main contradiction of the times. A strong patriotism runs through all his poems like a red line. At the same time, the style of Lu's poetry is also close to Du Fu's, so it has won the reputation of a generation of "poetry history". Famous articles include Guan Shanyue, The Book of Wrath, Showing Children, etc. Wen Tianxiang was a famous national hero and an outstanding patriotic poet in the late Southern Song Dynasty. In his later poems, he learned from Du Fu, described the sufferings of the nation and his own struggle, and showed lofty national integrity, such as Song of Benevolence and Righteousness, Crossing the Zero Ocean, Jinling Post and so on. For many years, it has been known as "the history of poetry". Wang Yuanliang, a contemporary court musician of Wen Tianxiang, wrote many documentary poems with his own personal experience. For example, Ten Drunken Songs recorded the process of the court's surrender to the Yuan Army in the Southern Song Dynasty and the situation after the surrender. Ninety-eight Poems in Huzhou describes in detail his experience of going to Yanjing with the Sixth Palace in the Southern Song Dynasty. Twenty Poems of Yuezhou tells the tragic situation that Yuan soldiers went south and ravaged half of the rivers and mountains in the Southern Song Dynasty. At that time, the poet Liu Chenweng called Wang Yuanliang's poems "the history of poetry" in the Song Dynasty. Wu was a famous poet in the late Ming and early Qing Dynasties. He wrote many works reflecting current events during the Ming and Qing Dynasties, which contained the ups and downs of his life experience, and was also called "the history of poetry". For example, Yuan Qu reflects some historical facts about the demise of the Ming Dynasty through Chen Yuanyuan's related deeds, and six poems such as A Journey to Luzhou are imitations of Du Fu's Three Officials and Three Farewells, which truly show the sufferings of the people. Huang Zunxian was the most outstanding bourgeois reformist poet in the late Qing Dynasty. His poem "More News on Current Affairs" (Chen Yanshi's Poems) reflects the historical facts such as the Sino-French War, the Sino-Japanese War and Eight-Nation Alliance's entry into Beijing at that time, and has a strong spirit of the times. Poems such as "Cherish Peace", "Mourn for Lushun", "Weep for Weihai" and "Song of Liao Generals" reflect the progress of the Sino-Japanese War in a timely and comprehensive manner, castigate the shameful acts of corruption and incompetence in the Qing Dynasty, expose the aggressive face of the Japanese Empire, and show the poet's patriotic feelings. Liang Qichao once spoke highly of Huang Zunxian's poems, saying that "poetry is also an official, and poetry history is also." ("Ice Room Poetry")
Brief introduction of du fu
Du Fu (AD 7 12-770), a beautiful Han nationality, was born in Gongxian County, Henan Province (now Gongyi, Zhengzhou). His ancestor was Du Yu, a famous poet in the early Tang Dynasty, and his father was Du Xian. China, the greatest realistic poet and world cultural celebrity in the Tang Dynasty, was called "Du Li" and "Poet Saint" together with Li Bai. He wrote 1400 poems in his life. Tang Suzong, Official Left Addendum. After he entered Shu, he was recommended by his friends as a staff officer of Ren Jiannan Drug Rehabilitation Center, and Yuan Wailang was appointed as the school's engineering department. Therefore, later generations also called him Du Shiyi and Du Gongbu. Zi Mei lived in the historical period from prosperity to decline in the Tang Dynasty. Her poems are mostly about social unrest, political darkness and people's sufferings, which is called "the history of poetry". Du Fu was honored as a "poet saint" because of his concern for the country and the people, noble personality and exquisite poetic skills. Du Fu is good at using many systems of classical poetry and creatively developing them. He is the pioneer of the new Yuefu poetry style. His Yuefu poems contributed to the development of the new Yuefu movement in the middle Tang Dynasty. His "May 7th" ancient novel, which is also a history of poetry, begins to narrate and focus on the whole story, marking the high achievement of China's poetry art. Du Fu also showed extraordinary creativity in the May 7th law, and accumulated complete artistic experience in the aspects of temperament, antithesis, refining words and sentences, which made this genre reach a fully mature stage. Du Gongbu has been handed down from generation to generation. The core of Du Fu's thought is the Confucian thought of benevolent government. He has a great ambition of "making the monarch Yao and Shun superior first, and then making the customs pure". He loves life, people and the great rivers and mountains of the motherland. He hated evil, criticized and exposed the corruption of the imperial court and the dark phenomenon in social life. He sympathized with the people and even fantasized that he was willing to make self-sacrifice to save their suffering. Therefore, his poetry creation always runs through the main line of worrying about the country and the people, which shows Du Fu's greatness. His poems are rich in social content, rich in the color of the times and distinctive in political inclination, which truly and profoundly reflect the political current affairs and broad social life prospect of a historical era before and after the An Shi Rebellion, and are called the "history of poetry" of a generation. The style of Du Fu's poems is basically "gloomy and frustrated", with various language and text structures, emphasizing the refinement of words and sentences. At the same time, his poems have many styles. Besides the five ancient poems, the seven ancient poems, the five laws and the seven laws, he also wrote many lines. There are also various artistic techniques, which are the epitome of the ideological art of Tang poetry. Du Fu also inherited the spirit of Yuefu in Han and Wei Dynasties, got rid of the shackles of the ancient Yuefu themes and created many new Yuefu themes, such as the famous Three Officials and Three Farewells. After his death, he was highly praised by Huang Fan, Han Yu, Yuan Zhen and Bai Juyi. Du Fu's poems had a far-reaching influence on Bai Yuan's literary thought of "New Yuefu Movement" and Li Shangyin's near-body allegorical current affairs poems. However, Du Fu's poems received extensive attention after the Song Dynasty. Yu Wang, Wang Anshi, Su Shi, Huang Tingjian, Lu You and others admired Du Fu, while Wen Tianxiang regarded Du Fu's poems as the spiritual force to adhere to national integrity. The influence of Du Fu's poems, from ancient times to the present, has long gone beyond the scope of literature and art. For details of his life, see Old Tang Book 190. This is Du Gongbu. Three Officials and Three Farewells are the representative works of Du Fu's realistic poems. It truly describes the thoughts, feelings, actions and language of county officials, customs officials, old women, old people, brides, husbands and others in a specific environment, vividly reflects the social reality of that period and the profound disasters and pains of working people, and shows people tragic life tragedies. In these descriptions of the hardships of life, on the one hand, the poet has deep sympathy for the people who have suffered greatly, and hates the enslavement and persecution of the people by officials; On the other hand, he supported the counter-insurgency war of the dynasty and hoped that the people would suffer hardships and cooperate with the dynasty to quell the rebellion. This complex and contradictory thought accords with the poet's thought of worrying about the country and the people.