Eighteen Beats of Hu Jia is a touching masterpiece, written by Cai Wenji. Appreciate this poem, don't read it as ordinary written literature, but think that Cai Wenji, an unfortunate woman, is playing the piano and singing by herself, and the piano is flowing with her heart. Accompanied by the piano and singing, we seem to see that she is walking on a long road paved with humiliation and pain. ...
She began to appear in the background of the great turmoil of the times, and the first shot was the background of "chaos": Land Rover was powerful, wars were everywhere, and the people were in exile. Before the Han Dynasty, there was great chaos in the world. Eunuchs, consorts and warlords took control of state affairs one after another, and peasant uprisings, warlord scuffles and foreign invasions broke out one after another. In Han Wei's poem, "A louse is born, and its surname is dead. Bones are exposed in the wild, and there is no cock crow for thousands of miles. " And so on, are the true portrayal of the turmoil at that time. During the war, he was robbed to the west by Hu Qi.
Exile is the beginning and root of her painful career, so the second beat in the poem is devoted to her exile, while the tenth beat "I can't live without her all my life" shows that the unhappiness in her life stems from exile. During the twelve years when she was forced to stay in the southern Xiongnu, she suffered great pain in life and spirit. Alakazam's nature is harsh: Hu Fenghao is good, first frost, Yuan Ye Depression, and Running Water Sobs. The life of local conditions and customs is strange to her. Clothes made of fur are scary to wear: "Felt hair is shocking to your flesh and blood." Eating meat and milk stinks and I can't swallow it. "It's a taste to contain my feelings." Living in a shack made of temporary grass rafts and dried cattle and sheep manure; When excited, they beat drums, revel, sing and dance all night. In a word, she can't adapt to the harsh natural environment in Alakazam, and she can't stand the different living habits of Hu people and Han people. So she sang "Who can talk to people with different desires?" And what she can't stand most is the spirit.
Mentally, she suffered double humiliation: as a Han nationality, she became a prisoner of the Hu people; As a woman, she was forced to marry the conference semifinals. The so-called "kindness and righteousness loss" in the first shot refers to this double humiliation. In the case of physical and mental suffering, missing and returning to her hometown has become the most important spiritual force to support her to live strong. The main content from the second shot to the eleventh shot is to write about her homesickness. The fourth beat, "I don't miss my hometown day and night", the tenth beat, "My hometown is dusty, and I will swallow it when I cry silently", and the eleventh beat, "I still hope to return to Sangban" are all touching words that directly express my homesickness. The fifth beat is the most touching one, which is about homesickness. In this shot, Cai Wenji carved a distant and profound scene with her persistent affection: in autumn, she looked forward to the blue sky and the geese flying south to bring her voice to the border; In spring, she looked up at the clouds and the sky and looked forward to the news of her native land brought by the return of wild geese in the north. But the geese have all flown away from the height of the factory, so it is difficult to find them. She couldn't help feeling heartbroken and ecstatic. In the eleventh shoot, she revealed her inner humiliation and the secret of drag out an ignoble existence: "I hate it, because I am not greedy for life, I can't donate my body." I am still eager to return to Mulberry, I have been buried in my bones. "Finally, she survived a long twelve years and realized her long-cherished wish to return to her hometown." Suddenly I met an envoy of the Han Dynasty, called him imperial edict, and sent his daughter to redeem my concubine. "However, this joy is fleeting. At the same time, a new melancholy cloud floated by. She thought that the day she survived was also the time to say goodbye to her two biological sons. In the twelfth beat, it says, "I'm glad to be alive, but I'm glad to meet a saint." I am happy to say goodbye to my children. "Nine times out of ten, two beats are both sad and happy, and it is difficult to live in two emotions." This is a frank explanation of this ambivalence. From the first 13, Cai Wenji turned to describe that he couldn't stand being separated from his son. As he spoke, he swallowed and his heart sank with grief. The thirteenth beat writes about other children, and the fourteenth beat writes about dreams, "Hugging Hu clothes." ..... step by step, never move, the soul will never move. ""the mountains are high and the seas are wide. I will see you all my life. In my dream, you came to Sri Lanka in the middle of the night. Holding hands in a dream, one is happy and one is sad, and it hurts after sleeping. "It's so touching, so touching. In the Song Dynasty, Fan said in "Talking about Bed at Night": "This must be returned to another son. When he experienced his suffering, his words were deafening. Resentment, mourning for the old, as new as a thousand years; Even if you use the holy pen, you can't bear to delete it. "Cai Wenji's sense of separation and the pain of separation have been with her, leaving Alakazam and returning to Chang 'an. The humiliating life is over, and a new misfortune: the pain of losing parents and children has just begun. "Hu is different, and the quilt of heaven and earth is separated from Mu Dong. I am suffering from heaven and complaining about others, although it is wide and unbearable. " It was here that the whole poem came to an end and stopped playing, thus completing Cai Wenji's tragic life journey of complaining to heaven.
Eighteen Beats of Hu Jia not only reflects Cai Wenji's poor life, but also reflects her superb talent. Eighteen Beats of Hu Jia has a strong subjective lyrical color in shaping the artistic image of the protagonist, Cai Wenji himself, and even in narration. It is written that he was banished to the West, gave birth to two sons in Alakazam, and returned to Chang 'an, all of which were deeply touched. For example, "The Yunshan Mountains are all returned to Lu Yu, which is popular for thousands of miles and raises dust and sand. Many people are as violent as crazy snakes, and they are arrogant and extravagant, which shows Cai Wenji's clear feelings of love and hate everywhere-"Yunshan" is connected with the thought of homeland, and "flurry" is connected with the suffering of the journey. Strong subjective lyricism is mainly reflected in the suddenness of emotional expression. Cai Wenji's feelings, often come suddenly, go suddenly, jump and changeable, incredible. The so-called "thinking without orientation" is to rebuild the Yaochi at the seaside. And the poem points the finger at heaven and God: "Heaven is ruthless and chaotic, and the ruthless nature makes me encounter this." "Why don't you see me wandering alone? God, what happened? I live up to God. What makes me different? I failed my God. Why should I go to the desert state? "Send to Heaven and Go to Earth" reflects Cai Wenji's feelings of "the sky is boundless and my heart is sad" and "I have bitterness in heaven".
Hu Jia's Eighteen Beats is of great artistic value, and Lu Shiyong, a Ming Dynasty man, said in The General Theory of Poetry and Mirrors: "After the fall of Tokyo, Ying Ying, Cai Wenji, became a talent. Reading "Hu Yiyin" can make people feel shocked, and the wind and sand are flying, which is really fierce. "
The high artistic value of Eighteen Beats of Hu Jia is related to Cai Wenji's talent, and Cai Wenji's talent is caused by her family background and social background.
Cai Wenji is a famous man. His names are Wenxi and mingji. Her father is a famous scholar Cai Yong.
Cai Yong is Cai Boxiao, and there is a lyric of Pipa, which says that Cai is afraid that after winning the top prize together, he will deny his wife Zhao Wuniang and not marry the daughter of the Prime Minister, which can be said to be a deep slander to the ancients. There was no champion in the Eastern Han Dynasty, and there was no such thing as not marrying the prime minister's daughter. In this regard, Lu You once lamented in the Southern Song Dynasty: "Who is in charge behind the scenes and listens to Cai Zhonglang every other village."
It is impossible for Cai Yong to win the highest prize, but it is a fact that his talent was universally recognized at that time. During the reign of Emperor Ling of Han Dynasty, there were many errors in proofreading books, so he wrote books on the stone tablet and outside the university. At that time, the students of later generations were studying in this stone, reading what Mo wrote every day. These stone tablets were damaged by unrest and fire in Luoyang. 1800 years later, farmers in the suburbs of Luoyang dug up several stones with handwriting on them when plowing their fields. They were identified as Cai Yong's calligraphy in those days, and now they are treasured in the History Museum.
Cai Yong is a great writer and calligrapher. Liang Wudi called him: "The book of Cai Yong is full of vigor and vitality, and it is refreshing." Fan Wenlan, a contemporary historian, said: "The art of writing in the Han Dynasty reached its highest level when Cai Yong wrote the Shijing." His calligraphy is neat but not dull, quiet and vivid. In addition to the Book of Songs in Jiaping, it is said that Cao E's tablet was also written by him, with natural composition, strong brushwork and ups and downs of words, without seeking beauty, but with simple and innocent interest.
Besides, Cai Yong is good at astronomy, mathematics and physics. He is a leader in Luoyang's literary world, such as Yang Ci, Ma, and Cao Cao, who later became a great master. He often goes to Cai Yong House and asks Cai Yong for advice.
Cai Wenji was born in such a family. It is natural that he is knowledgeable, literate, good at poetry and prose, articulate and cadence. It can be said that Cai Wenji had a happy childhood, but the changes of the times interrupted this happiness.
The corruption of the Eastern Han government eventually led to the Huang Uprising, which expanded the local forces represented by powerful landlords. After General He Jin was killed by ten eunuchs, Dong Zhuo marched into Luoyang, killed ten attendants and took control of the state affairs. In order to consolidate his rule, Dong Zhuo deliberately wooed the famous Cai Yong in Beijing, three times a day, worshiped the corps commander, and even later named him Levin Hou. Dong Zhuo's retrogression in North Korea caused the joint opposition of various local forces. Dong Zhuo burned Luoyang and moved to Chang 'an. Dong Zhuo was killed by Lu Bu. Cai Yong was also punished by Tingwei, and Cai Yong asked him to cut off his head in order to complete the history of the Han Dynasty. The literati also expressed sympathy and saved him. Maribe even said, "Is it disappointing that Boyi learns from the world and punishes him?" But in the end, he is bound to die, leaving many topics for discussion, saying that he is a "writer with San Lv and filial piety". Comparing him to Qu Yuan in composition, comparing him to Zeng Shen and filial son, there must be many people who speak ill of him.
After Dong Zhuo's death, his Ministry will capture Chang 'an again, and the situation of warlord scuffle finally took shape. Fan seized the opportunity to plunder soldiers in the Central Plains. In "The Midlands are fragile, all the soldiers are Hu Qiang, they hunt the besieged city vertically, and they know what they are going to do." Horses hang heads, horses carry women, and they drive into the desert with many obstacles. "Due to the situation, Cai Wenji and many captured women were taken to the southern Xiongnu.
This mentality can be imagined. At the beginning, Xi Junhe married Wusun Wang, and Wang Zhaojun married Hu Hanxie. Finally, they pay attention to their own status, but because they are far away from their hometown, they have an infinite desolation, and Cai Wenji is still plundered! Suffering from the abuse and flogging of soldiers, she stepped into an uncertain future. She is twenty-three years old and has been away for twelve years.
In this 12 year, she married Xiongnu Zuo and suffered the pain of living in a foreign land. Of course, she also gave birth to two sons for Zuo. The older one is Adiguai, and the younger one is Ameguai. She also learned to play Hu Jia and learned some foreign languages.
In this 12 year, Cao Cao basically wiped out the northern heroes, welcomed Emperor Han Xian from Chang 'an to Xuchang, and later moved to Luoyang. Cao Cao became the prime minister, holding the emperor to make princes. Once a person can catch his breath, he can think of the past, especially when he is full of ambition. In this memory, he remembered the teaching of his childhood teacher Cai Yong, thinking that the teacher had no son but only one daughter. When he learned that the girl was arrested in South Xiongnu, he immediately sent Zhou Jin as a special envoy, carrying two hundred gold and a pair of white walls to redeem her. [Page]
It is painful for Cai Wenji to be plundered for many years. Now, once she wants to end her life for 12 years, she will leave Zuo and her two innocent sons who have a strong love for herself. She can't tell whether she is sad or happy. She only felt heartbroken and tearful. At the urging of Ambassador China, she boarded the bus in a trance and lived with the wheels turning 12 years.
After the southern Huns arrived in Cai Wenji, they rolled reed leaves on the moonlit night, making a plaintive sound, imitating Cai Wenji's "Eighteen Beats of Hu Jia" and becoming an enduring local tune. Playing "Hu Jia Shi Ba Pa" with Zheng is a very popular musical instrument in the Central Plains. It is said that this fashion in the Central Plains began with her last husband, Dong Si.
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