This memory method is suitable for memorizing irrelevant, scattered and isolated knowledge points. For Chinese, when it is difficult to use other memory methods, mechanical memory methods are often used for new words, new words, common sense of writers' works, personal style, grammar, rhetorical concepts and so on.
2, understand the memory method
In Chinese learning, both the mastery of words and various concepts are inseparable from understanding, and memory should be carried out on the basis of grasping the characteristics and understanding the essence. Such as "Xing", "Qian", "Shallow" and "Stack", we can know that their pronunciations are similar to "Ge Jian", and we can know that their semantic contents are related to silk, gold, water, wood and other things. For another example, if we understand the relationship between environmental description and characterization in the novel, we can consider the relationship between the scenery and the writer from the perspective of "explaining the background, rendering the atmosphere, setting off the characters and promoting the plot" according to the specific content of a paragraph.
3. Associative memory method
There are many ways of association, which can be linked horizontally. For example, a writer can be related to his dynasty, works, source, evaluation of this writer and so on. A dynasty can be associated with its contemporary writers, works, background of the times, style of works, etc. It can also be vertically related, for example, a work can be related to the style, content, theme, writing technique and famous sayings and aphorisms of the work; The function of prepositions is related to the characteristics of object phrases, and then to the sentence component division methods such as "object phrases are generally used as adverbials or complements in sentences". Associative memory can connect a lot of knowledge and form a knowledge network, which is convenient for us to have a trail when remembering knowledge, so as to remember relevant knowledge from here to there.
4. Comparative memory method
Comparative memory method is widely used. For example, metaphor can be compared to personification and exaggeration, parallelism can be compared to duality and repetition, and rhetorical questions can be compared to rhetorical questions. In grammar learning, we can compare the attributive before the object and the complement after the predicate; In the study of classical Chinese, we can compare the meaning and function of the same word in different contexts. For example, it is much easier to remember the functions of narrative and argumentative essays in different styles by comparing lists.
5, formula memory method
Formula memory has a wide range of applications. Here are some examples to illustrate it.
(1) Remember similar words and typos with formulas. For example, remember the four similar words "Xu, Shu, E, Rong" with the formula of "crossing Xu's point to keep the depression and crossing his mind"; Remember the three radical words "Ji, Yi," with "Ji Wang goes to the Summer Palace and the crowd is bustling"; Remember the special way of writing "Tiger is cruel, Tiger Claw is outward" in the second half of the word "abuse"?
(2) Using formulas to memorize grammar knowledge. For example, the formula of "noun-verb-form, quantity-generation, auxiliary word-intermediary-auxiliary word-exclamatory onomatopoeia" can be used to remember six types of function words after content words; We can remember the difference between adverbs and prepositions by the formula "Adverbs come before verbs and prepositions come before nouns". We can remember the difference between exclamatory sentences and modal particles by using the formula "exclamatory sentences are at the beginning of sentences, and language helps the end of sentences". The attribute must be in front of the subject and object, and the adverbial before it is called the complement behind it. The word "de" comes before the word "di" and is followed by the complement "remember the division method of single sentence components.
(3) Using formulas to memorize classical Chinese knowledge. For example, we can remember the translation methods of "yes" or "yes", and "yes" is "therefore", "why" is "why" and "why" is based on what ". We can use the formula of "disjointed subject and predicate, broken words" to remember the reasonable pause in classical Chinese reading; We can use the formulas of "literal translation, free translation, supplementary ellipsis and word order" to memorize the general translation methods of classical Chinese.
(4) Using formulas to memorize some effective reading analysis methods. For example, you can use the formula of "the original meaning extends the contextual meaning and analyzes it with the center" to remember the analysis method of keywords in sentences; Use the formula of "the combination of sentence characteristics and functions, center and context" to remember the analysis method of the meaning and function of different sentences or different rhetorical sentences. Using the formula of "Total Score Union, Spatio-temporal Logic, Central Sentence, Self-generalization" to memorize, analyze and explain the paragraph structure of the text, and summarize the basic high school students' learning notes.
6, picture memory method
When reciting ancient poems, we can first carefully ponder the artistic conception of the poems and turn them into vivid pictures, so that the contents of the works can be deeply stored in our minds. For example, when reading Li Bai's "Looking at Lushan Waterfall", we can imagine the following picture according to the poem: Clouds and mist are winding around the mountain, and the Lushan incense burner peak in the sun seems to be braving purple clouds, and the distant "waterfall" flies down from it, splashing like a galaxy falling from the sky. Remember this spectacular picture, and then experience it carefully, and you will remember this poem deeply.
7. Legato memory method
This is a method to classify and connect memories according to the internal relations and some characteristics of the contents to be memorized. Using "joint memory method" to memorize the knowledge of literary history in writers' works can often get good results. Let's look at this "cross talk": One day, Mo Bosang found a necklace, which Balzac thought belonged to a miser, while Dude said it was lost while highlighting the siege of Berlin, Nikolai Gogol said it belonged to Higgins' bitch, and Chekhov thought it belonged to a man in a condom. Finally, everyone went to Gorky for a ruling. Gorky decided that the owners you mentioned are all men, and men don't use this thing, so the real owner is the mother. This arrangement links the titles of most foreign novels in high school textbooks with the authors. When reviewing, it is like enjoying a group of light and smooth world famous music ensembles, and unconsciously remembering them in a relaxed and happy way.
8. Do more with less.
Sometimes when you encounter two groups of confused knowledge materials, when you can infer the other group by remembering one group, you can adopt the learning method of "remembering the few and inferring the majority". This is "remembering less and remembering more". For example, the radicals "Bi" and "Bi" are easily confused. Looking up Modern Chinese Dictionary, there are about 120 Chinese characters next to "Zhuan". There are only three Chinese characters next to "Bi", which are "Ting, Jian and Yan". Bao (Bi) has more than 80 Chinese characters, while Bald (Bi) has only 9 Chinese characters. Finally, students will know which group to remember to infer from the other.
9, scratch memory method
"Scratching one's head to memorize" refers to consciously strengthening the memory of the first sentence of the content to be memorized, or the first word in the first sentence, and the first word of the connecting sentence with a turning or jumping connection. If necessary, you can use these sentences or words to help you remember the relevant content. For those short essays and poems with few sentences, you can concentrate the first word of each sentence and recite it in turn. In this way, when needed, it will be handy and rarely missed. For example, Bai Juyi's poem "Ode to the Mujiang River": a setting sun spreads in the water, half river rustling and half river red. On the third night of September, the dew is like a pearl and the moon is like a bow. After reciting, focus on the first word of each sentence in turn, that is, "semi-revealing". In any case, this will not affect the recitation of the whole poem because one sentence is stuck.
10, formula memory method
Poetry is easier to recite than prose, and formulas are easier to remember than ordinary articles. Formula memorization is a method of compiling learning contents into formulas to help memory. When using this method, we should pay attention to the following three points: ① the content of the formula should generally be important, regular or clear; (2) When writing, first of all, we should carefully understand all the contents to be written, try to summarize its main points, make it organized, and lay the foundation for writing formulas; (3) Put the summarized articles together in turn and make a formula. Formulas should be concise, popular and vivid, pay attention to rhyme and rhythm, and be easy to recite, remember and catchy.
1 1, interesting memory method
The so-called "fun memory method" is to try to use or create some interesting methods when studying or reviewing, so as to turn the original boring or even boring knowledge content into interesting materials to help memory. For example, you can use the jingle memory method. For example, if we summarize the literary genres and achievements of past dynasties as follows, it will help to form a clear and memorable longitudinal train of thought in our minds. The Book of Songs spread in the Spring and Autumn Period of the Western Zhou Dynasty, but the prose of the Warring States period was different. Chu Ci and Han Fu appeared one after another, and Historical Records and Yuefu reached the peak of the Han Dynasty. There are five words chanting history in Wei and Jin dynasties, and there are "double stars" in north and south folk songs; Tang poetry, Song ci, Yuan zaju and novels all made some achievements in Ming and Qing dynasties. Note: "Double Star" refers to the folk songs of the Southern Dynasties, represented by Wu Ge and Traditional Chinese Opera, and the folk songs of the Northern Dynasties, represented by Chile Song and Mulan Ci.