Briefly describe the characteristics of Su Shi's poems of rationality and interest.
There are many poems of rationality and interest in Su Shi's poems. The so-called rational poetry means that the poet consciously elaborates on a certain philosophy of life and expresses his thoughts on life while describing scenes, chanting objects, and recording events. For example, "Hezi's Nostalgia from Mianchi" "Everywhere in life, we know what is the same, it should be like a flying dragon stepping on new mud", which expresses the melancholy of the changes in the world with philosophical metaphors; "Peak" uses the description of scenery to talk about the philosophy of life and has become a famous piece of rational poetry. The "reason" in Su's poems is not speculative and paradoxical, but the reflections that come from life, giving people new enlightenment while taking things for granted. In addition, among Su Shi's interesting poems, there are also works that talk about Buddhism and Zen, such as "Poetry on the Qin", which explains Zen principles through chanting the qin, which has a unique charm. There are also many works that talk about nothing and even "borrow Zen as a joke". However, what is truly full of rationality and interest are the sparks that burst out of life collected in the poem.
Su Shi's poems can sometimes be combined with scenes he comes into contact with in life to express his novel views on things without losing the interest of poetry.
The Wutai Poetry Case
In the second year of Yuanfeng (1079), Su Shi was transferred to Huzhou as a local official. As usual, he wrote a letter of thanks to the court "Huzhou Thank You Shangbiao" to express his gratitude. Su Shi revealed his contempt for the courtiers in power, including a passage that ridiculed the new law: "Fu Nianchen has a stubborn nature and a low reputation. His opinions are extensive and his literature is shallow. ... If you know that he is stupid and inappropriate, it is difficult to follow him. Go ahead; watch if he is old and does not cause trouble, he may be able to adopt the little people." The New Party, which was opposed to the conservative party, seized this great opportunity to misinterpret these words and used more than a hundred poems written by Su Shi as evidence of guilt. They accused Su Shi of using the past to satirize the present, slandering the court and insinuating the emperor. It means that Su Shi did not attack them directly, but indirectly criticized Song Shenzong who reused them. They used this as a basis to impeach Su Shi for deceiving the emperor. As a result, Su Shi was arrested on the charge of "slandering the emperor and prime minister through writing" and was sent to Bianjing to be imprisoned. Later Shenzong refused to execute him and changed the sentence to be demoted to Huangzhou, which is known as the "Wutai Poetry Case" in the world.
Wutai is Yushitai. Since the initiators of this case were all officials of the Yushitai, including the Yushi Zhongcheng Li Ding, the supervising Yushi Lixing (the trainee historian of the Yushitai) Shu Tan, He Zhengchen, etc., it was called the "Wutai Poetry Case" ".
Demoted
Due to political dissatisfaction, Su Shi spent most of his life as a guest, which often put him in a kind of contradiction. in the mentality. He wanted to do something but couldn't, but he cared about the court but was ignored time and time again. But whether he was high up in a temple or in a deserted state, he was always concerned about the safety of the country and the major affairs of the DPRK. When Emperor Shenzong read what he wrote, "I want to ride the wind back home, but I am afraid that the towering buildings and jade buildings will be too cold at high places," he sighed and said, "Su Shi still loves you after all." In the conflict between wanting to be official and being unwilling to hide, he sometimes used the philosophy of Buddhism, Taoism, Lao and Zhuang to comfort himself. But he was not depressed because of this. Whether in government or as a local official, he never forgot to do good things for the country and the local people. Although he also suppressed "thieves" who resisted with force, he was more concerned with relieving victims and caring about production and people's livelihood. In terms of statecraft, whether it is domestic or foreign affairs, he can put forward his own political opinions. Externally, he advocates active defense and opposes humiliation, sneaking in, and frivolous provocations. Domestically, he advocated reforming official administration, developing production, paying attention to people's livelihood, and opposed fishing all the water.
When he was in Zhimizhou, his life was very hard. As the governor of a state, after his official duties were over, he would dig wild vegetables to eat like the common people. But I always have a heart of concern for the country and the people. He advocated resisting the invasion of Xia and Liao at that time, and was prepared to rush to the front line at any time. He wrote in the lyrics of "Jiangchengzi·Hunting in Mizhou": "In the clouds holding the knot, when will Feng Tang be sent? He will draw the eagle bow like the full moon, look northwest, and shoot at the wolf", expressing his desire to serve the country. enthusiasm.
After the "Wutai Poetry Case", he was demoted to Huangzhou and entered a period of political frustration. However, he was still concerned about the safety of the country and always thought about making contributions to the fight against the invasion of Liao and Xixia. , "When will my bow and arrow go straight to the Yinshan Mountains to get the khan?" is a portrayal of this mood. During the short five days in Zhideng Prefecture, he also personally surveyed the terrain and planned the deployment to resist the Liao Dynasty.
When he was in Xuzhou, he sent people to find coal in Baitu Town, southwest of Xuzhou, and mobilized people to mine coal on the spot. This not only solved the problem of civilian fuel, effectively protected the forest, but also facilitated smelting and was beneficial to Make sharp weapons to fight against the invasion of Xia and Liao.
After Zhezong came to power, due to different political opinions, the teacher, who was in his sixties, was demoted to Dingzhou, an important anti-Liao town that was a "border difficult and dangerous county" at that time. He was only ten years old in Dingzhou. In the past few months, a lot of work has been done. First, they have improved military discipline, severely punished corruption and theft, so that the political style is dignified and the military has improved its combat effectiveness. The second is to build more bow and arrow clubs, engage in joint military and civilian defense, and strengthen border defense armaments, so that the Liao Kingdom does not dare to move southward to harass, effectively safeguarding the tranquility of the northern border.