In order to let friends better understand the rhythm of poetry, let's briefly introduce the rhythm of poetry (mainly based on today's rhyme):
Yiyunzhe
Although Liu Xie's Wen Xin Diao Long is different from our modern interpretation, it reveals the basic characteristics of Chinese ci. What we usually call rhyme is actually the special name of opera, Quyi and poetry-contrast rhyme. That is, the echo and rhyme of words and phrases in poetry.
1 rhymes.
The so-called rhyme is simply that the two endings of the same vowel are tied together. As we all know, the pronunciation of Chinese characters consists of two parts: the initial and the final (a few numbers only have the final). For example, the word "Han", whose initial is H and its final is an, can be pronounced as Han together. But rhyme has nothing to do with initials, such as "Dan", initial: d, vowel: an. Although the pronunciation of the two words is different, the same vowel -an is applied to the last word of the poem to rhyme. Now I make up two explanations: clanking iron bones, like shells. The ending of the two sentences is a rhyme, which is easy to read and remember, and it is also the basic feature of poetry style.
2 rhyming classification
The concept of modern Mandarin is based on northern dialect and Beijing dialect. Personally, I think we should advocate modern (new) rhyme with Beijing dialect as the mainstay, because ancient rhyme is really difficult for most people to master, and it is not conducive to beginners' learning and creation. Judging from poetry (including lyrics, etc. What modern people create basically rhymes with the traditional "Thirteen Rhymes" based on Beijing accent. "Thirteen rhymes" is thirteen rhymes. The classification of this rhyme originated in the Ming and Qing Dynasties and has a history of about four or five hundred years. Judging from the specific content of pronunciation, it is to combine several rhymes with similar pronunciation, which is also called Tong Jia. The following is a brief list of popular rhymes, vowels and radio stations for your reference:
Reference the vowels contained in the name.
17 I (-I) V (er) I V
Gusu
(of eyes) grow dim/hazy
Sobo, oh, oh, oh.
What a roundabout way of saying it
Huailai love love love.
Ashes pile
Gentle and graceful uaao
By asking ou ou
Yan Qian 'an Wan 'an
Renchen en in uen vn en
Jiangyang Liang Guang 'ang
Middle East Engineering Engineering Engineering
The above are thirteen quotations for your reference.
3 rhyming mode
The rhyming way of poetry has both traditional inheritance and modern innovation and development. The rhyme of modern poetry is generally flexible, and even some poems don't even rhyme. For example, some prose poems or free poems have no rhyme at all, but the arrangement and combination of words and phrases are like poems. On the contrary, the author thinks that as long as it is a poem, it should still be rhythmic, and a rhythmic poem is truly complete. However, the author of poetry has a certain choice of rhyming methods, because choosing different ways will produce different effects, which will play a great role in perfecting the expression of poetic artistic conception. Improper choice of ways will directly affect the expression of poetry content and weaken the aesthetic feeling of poetry. Poets generally use the following rhyming methods:
(1) Yun Tong
Every sentence of a poem rhymes, which means that the whole rhyme is called rhyme (rhyme), and some are commonly known as iron rhyme. It is characterized by strong sense of rhythm, strong poetry and easy to read and remember. The disadvantage is that sometimes in order to consider rhyme, the choice of words and sentences is limited, which affects the expression of meaning. The post "Years-"that the author will publish in this edition is not only the rhyme of choice, but also the rhyme of "ash heap". Please refer to.
(2) Jumping rhyme
This is a common rhyme pattern. Also known as alternate sentence rhyme or double sentence rhyme, that is, alternate sentence rhyme, whether single sentence or double sentence must rhyme, and some sentences also rhyme. It is characterized by neat distribution of rhyme points and strong sense of rhythm. The biggest advantage is that you don't have to rhyme every sentence like rhyme, which can save half of the sentences from affecting the choice of words and the display of content because of rhyme. Please refer to the author's upcoming post "The moon is close to me, and you are far away from me", which rhymes.
(3) Change rhyme
It is difficult to rhyme a long poem in the end, because only one rhyme is used in a long length, which will greatly limit the poetic expression and the choice of words and sentences. Therefore, poetry writers often use the method of changing rhyme to solve this problem. That is, in a long poem, taking more than two rhymes is called rhyme change. This rhyme is common in long poems, so I won't give an example.
(4) Rhyme
That is, odd sentences and even sentences rhyme separately, that is, they rhyme alternately. This rhyme was first seen in The Book of Songs and also found in modern poems, but it is not very common. The author also made a short poem to illustrate:
Candles burn the weak body,
Bring light to others.
She's been destroying herself all her life,
Write a brilliant life with tears.
Use "seventeen rhymes" in one sentence and three sentences; Two' four sentences use the rhyme' Middle East', which is the rhyme.
(5) Hugging rhythm
Some poetry writers also use this rhyme form, although it is rare, but it also appears from time to time. In a four-sentence poem
Four rhymes, and two or three rhymes. In order to better illustrate this problem, the author also wrote a clumsy poem to illustrate it:
There is no reason to love you,
There is no distance.
As long as you decide what to do,
You need to work hard.
One rhymes with four sentences, two rhymes with three sentences. The former uses the rhyme of "one-stop" and the latter uses the rhyme of "benevolence and ministers", and the former holds the rhyme of the latter. This rhyme is even rarer, so I won't explain it here.
(6) Overlapping rhyme
The "overlap" here does not mean the overlap of the words before and after, but the overlap of the words before and after, which means that the last two words of the words before and after in the poem have the same rhyme. That is to say, the word "rhyme angle" (ending) has two rhymes, and the last word is light syllable rhyme, which is more rare in poetry, but more common in folk art and children's songs. In order to deepen the understanding of friends, the author also compiled a clumsy poem to illustrate:
You and I have been apart for a long time,
Live like Sanqiu.
As much as I miss it,
Sweet but warm.
At the end of the second word (Jiuqiutou), the word "Qiu Yu" rhymes, and the last word rhymes with "Fahua", which is called reduplication.
4 rhyming choice
When choosing the rhyme of a poem, the following factors are usually considered:
(1) Content and emotional factors of the work
First of all, we should make full use of the characteristics of phonology to express rich and colorful poetic feelings. For example, Fahua, Jiangyang, Middle East and Yan Qian all have open rhymes, and their timbre is relatively loud. Choosing such a rhyme is suitable for expressing impassioned lofty sentiments. For example, Wen Tianxiang's poem "Zero Crossing and Ding Yang" chose the rhyme of "Middle East", which fully expressed the author's radical and magnificent feelings and made readers feel the passion of patriotism when reciting the poem. Second, the rhymes of "one go", "Gusu" and "Sobo" are all closed (closed) rhymes, and the timbre is relatively soft. Choosing this rhyme is suitable for expressing melancholy feelings. For example, the rhyme of "Sobo" in Lu You's "Hairpin Phoenix" better reflects the author's complex mood when recalling his deep feelings with his cousin Tang Wan, and also makes readers deeply understand the author's grief and sorrow.
(2) the characteristic factors of rhyme foot itself
In the thirteen rhymes of Chinese characters, no matter which rhyme, there is a question of how many Chinese characters contain, including wide rhyme and narrow rhyme.
Guang Yun characters, such as Yan Qian, Jiangyang, Middle East, Renchen, Fahua, Yaodiao and One-stop, are chosen as rhyming characters by most authors because they contain many commonly used Chinese characters and have strong word-formation ability. Especially when writing long poems, choose broad rhyme. Narrow rhymes, such as oblique rhymes, contain only a few Chinese characters, and their word-formation ability is poor, which is rarely used by ordinary poets.
(3) Musical factors in poetry.
Because many poems can be sung, if the author considers the function of composing music, he should consider this factor. If it is a magnificent and heroic song, you should choose Yan Qian, Jiang Yang, Middle East and other rhymes. If the adaptation is a female song, using one or seven rhymes will make it easier for female singers to sing loudly and beautifully.
In short, no matter which rhyme you choose, it depends on the specific situation and you don't have to copy it. Especially when writing short poems, you can follow your feelings and write what you think. If the more you write, the more uncomfortable it is, and it is difficult to express your meaning thoroughly, you can also rewrite it in a rhyming way until you are satisfied.
5 rhyming arrangement
The rhyme arrangement of classical poetry has a certain format, as long as it is created according to the format, so I won't introduce it here. Modern poetry is more flexible, which is related to the diversity of free verse genres. But it can also be roughly divided into the following categories:
First, the sentence pattern is orderly. This kind of poem is often divided into several paragraphs, and each paragraph has the same number of sentences. In order to make the rhyme arrangement reasonable, most of them are even sentences. Generally, even sentences rhyme, but Yun Ke doesn't rhyme in the first sentence of each paragraph.
Second, the rhythm of sentence patterns is uneven. This is very common in free verse and prose poetry, and its rhyme arrangement is also irregular. Some paragraphs rhyme, some paragraphs jump and some paragraphs change rhyme. No matter what rhyme style is adopted, the rhyme feet should not be too far apart. It can be seen that modern poetry rhyme is flexibly arranged according to the needs of content.
Third, the sentence patterns and rhythms are uneven. This kind of poem is usually called free verse. The author often divides a long poem into several lines, like stairs, to enhance the ups and downs of feelings. But in general, rhymes are sparse, some arrange a rhyme every few words, and even some paragraphs have a rhyme, of course, it depends on the situation. Although the sentence is divided into several lines, most of them are arranged in the form of rhyme and rhyme. See the author's post "Love", the sentence pattern of stairs, a rhyme.
Two-meter law
Metric mainly refers to the format and norms of classical poetry in terms of words' antithesis',' leveling' and' rhyme'. The biggest difference between classical poetry and modern poetry is that classical poetry has strict rules, and even words are the basis. So we still use the level of ancient poetry to explain the meter here.
1 sound rate
In fact, it is the requirement of flat tone, which refers to the length law and high-low law of tone, that is, the alternation of long-short tone and high-low tone
Alternate. Leveling is used properly. Tone will be coordinated and balanced, and poetry will have cadence, just as Liu Xie said in Wen Xin Diao Long Law Poetry, so that poetry has both the rhyme of "harmony but difference" and the rhythm of "harmony but difference", which will undoubtedly give people a kind of beautiful enjoyment.
There is a difference between ancient times and modern times in the content of leveling. For the sake of brevity, let's talk about it from a modern point of view. Everyone knows that Chinese Pinyin can be divided into four tones: even tone (one tone), flat tone (two tones), rising tone (three tones) and falling tone (four tones). The so-called ping is one or two tones in Chinese; Just three or four. This is what every word of ancient poetry needs, which will be introduced later.
2 duality
Duel is dual, just like the ancient guard of honor, it is opposite, which mainly refers to the dual relationship between odd and even sentences connected in rhyme. For example, five or eight sentences, seven or eight sentences, one or two sentences, three or four sentences (and so on)-generally, the first and second couplets can be right or wrong, wide or neat, but the middle two couplets must be neat. Please refer to the author's upcoming post "Basic Requirements of Couplets".
3 rhyme feet
Except the first sentence, all the other sentences rhyme, that is, even sentences rhyme. Its main requirements are:
(1) The rhyme foot is at the end of even sentences.
Yun Ke doesn't rhyme in the first sentence.
(3) Generally, the rhyme ends.
(4) A word is not allowed to rhyme.
Three words
Ancient poetry each poem has a very standardized number of words. These include:
(1) Every poem has a certain number of words.
(2) There are a certain number of sentences.
(3) Each sentence has a certain number of words.
Such as five-character rhyme, the total number of words is 40 words; 8 sentences; Five words per sentence.
Some scholars call the basic requirements of the above meter: rhythm, antithesis, rhyme and rhyme, which constitute the basic meter of poetry.