Author: Wen Tianxiang
Once the effort comes, there will be fewer stars around.
The mountains and rivers are broken and the wind is floating, and life experiences are ups and downs.
The beach of fear says fear, and there is a sigh in the ocean.
Since ancient times, no one has died in life, leaving a heart that shines through history.
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Li Ao hubei zāo
History: In ancient times, when writing on bamboo slips, bamboo pieces were baked with fire to prevent insects from eating them. Because the moisture of bamboo slices evaporates like sweat, it is called history, and it is also done in this way. This refers specifically to history books.
To annotate ...
Lingdingyang: that is, "Lingdingyang", now in the Pearl River Estuary south of Zhongshan, Guangdong. Wen Tianxiang was captured by the Yuan Army in December of the first year of Zhao Minxiang's reign at the end of the Song Dynasty (1278) and imprisoned in the Lingdingyang warship. In the first month of the following year, Yuan Marshal Zhang Hongfan attacked Cliff Mountain, forcing Wen Tianxiang to hand over Zhang Shijie, the commander-in-chief who stuck to Cliff Mountain. So, Wen Tianxiang wrote this song.
"Hard" sentence: trace back to my early life experience and all kinds of hard work since I became an official. Encounter, encounter the court selection; It used to refer to an official who passed the imperial examination because he was proficient in a certain classic. Wen Tianxiang has been in Baoyou, Song Lizong for four years (1256), ranking first among Jinshi.
Liáo: Sparse means barren and sparse. Here, song and yuan war is drawing to a close. Fighting, two weapons, here refers to war. Sparse and desolate. The Southern Song Dynasty died in this year (1279), and at this time it was unable to resist. Surrounding stars: Zhou Xing is the annual star, which circulates in the sky for twelve years, so Zhou Xing refers to twelve years. Surrounding the stars, that is, in 48 years, Wen Tianxiang was 44 years old when he wrote this poem, and the surrounding stars here are integers. In the old notes, "the surrounding stars" were mostly used as the four years since Wen Tianxiang 1275 applied for the diligent king. In fact, the first two sentences of this poem should be understood together, which is a review of the poet's life experience.
The sentence of "Mountain and River Map": The rhetorical devices of antithesis and metaphor link the fate of the country and the fate of the individual, vividly showing the stormy political situation and showing that the situation of the country and the fate of the individual are irreversible. Catkin floating in the wind: using figurative rhetoric to describe the national conditions as irretrievably floating catkins; Rain hits duckweed: It is a metaphor that a person's life experience is bumpy, just like duckweed in the rain, drifting without roots and ups and downs.
"Life experience" is life experience.
Fear Beach: In today's Ganjiang River in Wan 'an, Jiangxi Province, the current is fast and extremely dangerous, and it is one of the eighteen beaches of Ganjiang River. In the second year of Zong Jingyan, Song Rui (1277), Wen Tianxiang was defeated in Jiangxi and retreated to Fujian through the beach.
"Zero Ding" sentence: I am lonely and helpless, lamenting the current situation, lamenting my courage and isolation. After the poet was captured, he was imprisoned in a warship in Lingdingyang.
Keep your original heart and shine on history: keep your loyalty and shine on history forever. Dan Xin: Red heart means loyalty. History: Because bamboo water evaporates like sweat, it is called history. Especially history.