Erhu, the main accompaniment instrument of Yue Opera.
Erhu, also known as "Huqin", appeared in the Tang Dynasty and is called "Xiqin", which is a folk musical instrument in the north. It is generally believed that today's Huqin is developed from Xiqin, and now it has become a unique and attractive stringed instrument in China. It is not only suitable for expressing deep and sad content, but also suitable for describing magnificent artistic conception.
Erhu, also known as "Huqin", appeared in the Tang Dynasty and is called "Xiqin", which is a folk musical instrument in the north. It is generally believed that today's Huqin is developed from Xiqin, and now it has become a unique and attractive stringed instrument in China. It is not only suitable for expressing deep and sad content, but also suitable for describing magnificent artistic conception.
Erhu is one of the main bowstring instruments in China national musical instrument family. The word "Huqin" appeared in the Tang Dynasty. At that time, the western regions and northern nationalities were called Hu people, and Huqin was a general term for musical instruments imported from the western regions and northern nationalities. After the Yuan Dynasty, in the Ming and Qing Dynasties, Huqin became the general name of stringed instruments.
His outstanding representative works are two springs reflecting the moon with far-reaching artistic conception, tearful rivers and flowing water, Sanmenxia fantasy with surging thoughts, magnificent thoughts of the Great Wall and galloping horses. Erhu developed into a solo instrument in the 1920s, which was inseparable from Liu Tianhua's contribution. After the innovation of many famous artists, erhu has become one of the most important solo instruments, and it is also an important instrument in the string part of a large ensemble.
Erhu is made of wood, with one end wrapped in python skin and two metal strings. The inner and outer chords are separated by a pure five degrees. Generally, the inner chord is d 1 and the outer chord is a 1. Its playing techniques are very rich, such as kneading strings, natural overtones, artificial overtones, vibrato, sliding fingers and plucking strings. Hold a bow in your left hand and jump in your right.
The history of musical instruments reached the Song Dynasty, and Hu Qin was named "Qin Qin". At the end of the Song Dynasty, Chen, a scholar, recorded that it was originally written by Ji Kang in The Stone Forest, hence the name. Shen Kuo, a great scholar in the Song Dynasty, recorded in "Bubi Tan Yuelu": "At Xining Middle School, there was a palace banquet, and Yan Xu, an actor of Jiaofang, played Qin Qin and finished the song with only one string." It shows that there was a high level of performance in the Northern Song Dynasty. When Yan Xu played Qin Qin for the emperor's ministers, he broke one string and still finished the music with another. It is impossible without skilled skills. Later, Shen Kuo recorded in "Meng Qian Bi Tan" that "ponytail huqin followed Han Dong, and he felt sorry for himself. If you don't shoot a swallow with a bow, the geese won't send out today. " This shows that there was a ponytail huqin in the Northern Song Dynasty.
Further elaborate the "Hu Qin system is like a fire without thinking, winding the faucet, pressing the second string with a bow, and bowing the string with a ponytail" in the History of Rites and Music in Yuan Dynasty.
The principle of making the huqin is described. By the Ming and Qing Dynasties, Huqin had spread all over the country before it became the main instrument of folk opera accompaniment and instrumental ensemble.
In modern times, Huqin changed its name to Erhu. For more than half a century, the erhu performance level has entered a prosperous period. Mr Liu Tianhua is the originator of modernism. Drawing lessons from the playing techniques and techniques of western musical instruments, he boldly and scientifically positioned the erhu as five, thus expanding the range of erhu, enriching its expressive force and establishing new artistic connotation. As a result, erhu stood out from folk accompaniment and became a unique solo instrument, which laid the foundation for entering concert halls and conservatories in the future.