Rhyme is a rhyming style, including poems, words, poems and inscriptions. Prose, including historical biographies, argumentative essays, essays, practical essays, etc. Parallel prose is a style between poetry and prose. Let's focus on it.
1, ancient poetry, modern poetry
People in the Tang Dynasty called metrical poems and quatrains popular in the Tang Dynasty modern poems, while poems with loose metrical and free form before the Tang Dynasty were called ancient poems. Now metrical poems and quatrains are generally called modern poems, while others are collectively called ancient poems. There are four words, five words, seven words and miscellaneous words in ancient poetry. The Book of Songs and Yuefu are also ancient poems. Modern poetry can be divided into metrical poems and quatrains, and there are also five words and seven words. There are eight sentences in Rhyme * * *, which are divided into four parts: one or two sentences are head couplet, three or four sentences are parallel couplet, five or six sentences are neck couplet, seven or eight sentences are tail couplet, and even sentences are flat couplet. Pay attention to the antithesis of the upper and lower sentences in the middle two couplets. The metrical requirements of quatrains are generally the same as those of metrical poems, but the antithesis requirements of the upper and lower sentences are not very strict.
2. Ci, Fu and Parallel Prose
Ci is Chu Ci, which belongs to poetry. Long and short sentences, uneven sentence patterns, free form, commonly used the word "Xi", mainly lyrical, with a strong romantic color, represented by Qu Yuan's Li Sao.
Fu, which originated in the late Warring States period, is a style between poetry and prose. Generally speaking, its rhyme is neat and prose sentences are mixed. The representative figure is Sima Xiangru.
Parallel prose originated in Han and Wei Dynasties and was formed in the Southern and Northern Dynasties. The whole article is basically composed of antithetical sentences, paying attention to the use of allusions and flowery rhetoric. Because four sentences and six sentences are often used, it is also called "four-six-character prose", which is also a style between poetry and prose. "Zhu Shu" and "Epang Palace Fu" studied in senior high school are such styles.
3. Words and songs
Ci originated in the Southern Dynasties, formed in the Tang Dynasty and prevailed in the Song Dynasty. It is the development of poetry, so it is called "poetry surplus". It has various aphorisms, and each aphorism has its own fixed format, including the number of words and sentences, as well as the rhyme of flat and even words. Its sentence patterns vary in length, also known as long and short sentences. According to the number of words, it can be divided into long tones (above 9 1 word), middle tones (59 to 90 words) and short tones (below 58 words).
Qu was popular in the Yuan Dynasty, so it was called "Yuanqu", and it was also a poem with music. Including Sanqu and Zaju. Sanqu is a oratorio, while Zaju is a performance. Sanqu can be divided into two categories: poetry and divertimento, in which poetry consists of one song and divertimento is also called divertimento, which consists of many songs. Zaju has a complete storyline, and its structure is four folds (equivalent to four acts) plus a wedge (prologue), which is composed of subject (action description of characters and stage effect) and object (dialogue and monologue, etc.). ) and lyrics, the roles are Dan (female role), Mei (male role), Jing (painted face), Wai (old man) and Ugly. There are qupai in the song, which stipulates the fixed format of its word number, sentence number, level tone and rhyme. Gongdiao indicates the volume of the tune.
4. Shi Wenchuan
It belongs to historical prose, including chronological style (such as Zuo Zhuan and Zi Tongzhi Jian), national style (such as Guoyu and Warring States Policy), biographical style (such as Historical Records, Hanshu and Twenty-four History) and chronological style (such as Hanshu and Houhanshu).
5. About the text
Ancient argumentative essays developed from the quotations of various schools, and formed several kinds in the process of development: "on" discussing things; "Say" and apply for the truth.
6. Miscellaneous notes
Travel notes including places of interest and scenery. Miscellaneous notes on painting and calligraphy, miscellaneous notes on personnel. Miscellaneous notes cover a wide range, and some topics have the word "Ji". Historical events, anecdotes, scientific materials, textual research and other articles are included.
7. Practical writing
Including recitation, epitaph, eulogy and gift order.