Zhu Yizun and Wang Shizhen were famous in the poetry world at the same time. At that time, they were known as the "Kings of Southern Zhu and Northern Dynasties". Zhao Zhixin also respected them as two great poets (see "Talking about the Dragon").
Zhu Yizun discussed poetry in the early Tang Dynasty and deposed the Song Dynasty. He was particularly sharp in his criticism of Lu You, saying that his poems had "overlapping syntax" and were "abominable" ("Shu Jian Nan Ji Hou"). In his later years, he was criticized by Lu You. The Tang Dynasty entered the Song Dynasty. But generally speaking, his poems are scholarly, emphasizing talent and elegance, and lack the excitement and unrestrained spirit of the poetry of the early Tang Dynasty. For example, "Sending Yuan Jun Back to the Wu Clan":
Yuan Lang returned frustrated, playing the cymbals and singing long songs in mourning. When the weather is cold, I would like to lie down in Runan. When the wine is exhausted, who will meet the cup of the first moon of the river? The maple forest on the far bank is solitary, and the autumn water of Pingjiang River is blooming at sunset. When I leave the tomb and pass by the ground, I know how many times I miss you.
The poem quotes allusions such as Feng Xuan Danchai, Yuan An Wuxue, Liu Song and Yuan Shao's children drinking heavily to escape the summer heat, and Gao Botong burying Liang Hong beside Yaoli's tomb, showing his understanding of his friends. and friendship, from which we can see the general characteristics of Zhu Yizun's poems.
In some of his poems that express personal injustice and indignation, the language is relatively bright, such as "Lonely Journey"; there are also some short landscape poems and ballad-style poems, such as "Yongjia Miscellaneous Poems" "Twenty Songs" and "One Hundred Songs of Yuanyang Lake" are also written more lightly. The following is "Guyu" from "Twenty Miscellaneous Poems of Yongjia":
Where Guyu wrote the poem, there was a turbulent current in Zhongchuan. Looking at each other in the wind and dusk, we can't even sail a boat.
The Qing people spoke highly of Zhu Yizun's poems, which is related to the Qing people's culture of attaching importance to learning. In fact, he cannot compare with Wang Shizhen in terms of the imagery and emotional appeal of his poems. Zhu Yizun was a famous poet and had a greater influence on Qing poetry. Together with Chen Weisong, he is known as "Zhu Chen" and is the leader in the CI world, creating a new pattern of Qing CI. He believed that Ming poetry, due to his specialization in "Hua Jian Ji" and "Cao Tang Shi Yu", had the disadvantages of a humble style and superficial language, so he praised "empty" and "mellow" (this theory originated from Zhang Yan). Correct it. He advocated the patriarchal Southern Song Dynasty Ci, and especially respected the metrical poets Jiang Kui and Zhang Yan at that time. He proposed: "People in the world must call Ci poetry the Northern Song Dynasty. However, Ci poetry became extremely sophisticated in the Southern Song Dynasty, and became extremely changed in the Song Dynasty. Jiang Yao and Zhang were the most outstanding. "("Ci Zong Fa Fan") also said: "Yi Xinsheng Yutian is close." ("Jie Peiling·Zi Inscription Collection") He also selected poems written by people from the Tang Dynasty to the Yuan Dynasty as "Ci Zong" to deduce his ideas. This idea has been accepted by many people, especially the poets in western Zhejiang, and they have followed suit. "For decades, the poets in western Zhejiang have lived in a white stone and in a jade field" ("Jingti Tang Ci Preface"). Later Gong Xianglin selected Zhu Yizun, Li Liangnian, Li Fu, Shen Haori, Shen Andeng and his own poems as "Six Ci Schools in Western Zhejiang", hence the name "Western Zhejiang Ci School". Its influence has enveloped the poetry world of Kangxi, Yongzheng and Qianlong for more than a hundred years.
Zhu Yizun's "Exposed Poetry" is compiled from several collections of words. The writing pays attention to the strict rhythm and workmanship of the words, and the use of words is dense and fresh. The best ones have an elegant, pure and bright artistic conception, which is extremely delicate.
For example, "Dong Xiange·Wujiang Xiaofa":
The clear moon is clear in the lake, and there are countless fishing nuts. In an instant, a clear wave stirred the oars, passing by the Chuihong Pavilion and beside the Yuduck Bridge. The hedge roots were blooming and dots of morning glories were blooming. Thinking of Red Mansions At this time, I thank my daughter Tanlang, and there are a few broken lights in the windows. Then I fell asleep, with Wu songs on my pillow. The sound stopped, and my dreams were heavy. He is also very victorious. In the mountains, he listens to the wind and the wind, and his horse's head rushes into the mist.
In the early morning in the quiet Jiangnan water town, the scenery of setting off by boat is described very delicately. Along the way, the moon is soft and the water is soft, the flowers are blooming on the fence, and the lights on the building are broken. The people in the boat are dreaming and waking up in the sound of Wu songs, which creates a quiet and tranquil mood.
It is said that some of Zhu Yizun's love poems were written for his wife and sister. Most of them are written in a gentle and gentle way, sometimes with a sad touch. The following is one of the songs, "Eye of Mesmerizing Eyes":
That year, by the small window where I was whispering, the moon was not yet full. He was shy for a few times, threw people away for a few times, and suddenly came close to others. The most ruthless thing is the cold river water, rushing the ferry boat. He went home with a sound, sat down again before leaving, and suddenly fell asleep.
The desire to give up when you first fall in love, and the restlessness when parting after a passionate love are vividly expressed. The writing is simple and fresh, but you can appreciate the skills that Gu Yi has honed.
In Zhu Yizun's poems, there are also some nostalgic and historical works, which have a desolate meaning. For example, the concluding sentences of "Jinmingchi·Yantai Nostalgia and Shen Suishu Hanlin": "Counting Yanyun and Sixteen Divine States, there are so many gardens and mausoleums, with ruined walls and broken blocks. The majestic stone horse neighed, and the golden immortal shed tears. "The ancient water is deserted and the moon is cold." But this type of words lacks passionate and majestic sentiment, and it is not important in Zhu Yizun. He admired a group of poets before and after the fall of the Southern Song Dynasty, and their characteristic was that they used elegant language forms to construct empty and ethereal artistic conceptions as a spiritual refuge to escape reality. There are similarities in era, situation and psychology. Later generations criticized: "Since Zhu Zhuyun took Yutian as his ancestral home, he chose "Ci Zong" with a boring meaning; later generations followed it, which was especially verbose. Taking Erchuang as his ancestor, Shi Xin and Liu Ruoqiu, the family law is Ruosi , Idiom is not a huge absurdity." (Wen Tingshi's "Preface to Yun Qixuan's Ci") Chen Tingzhuo's "Baiyu Zhai Ci": There is denseness in the sparseness of Zhutuo's poems, and when it stands alone, it has little meaning of depth. "Jiang Hu Zai Jiu Ji" is well-organized, "Cha Yan Pavilion Tiwu Ji" is well organized, and "Fan Jin Ji" uses idioms with unique originality, but there is nothing extraordinary about them. However, the volume "Jingzhi Juqinqu" contains all the narrations, unique ideas and erotic poems, which Yan and Ou could not do. Even Empress Li and Niu Songqing have never dreamed of it. It is truly a unique composition from ancient to modern times. It is a pity that The supporting body is not elegant. A volume of "Quiet Music", a book that brings out the fragrance and true color, which has never been achieved before! The order before and after can be understood briefly, and there is no need to seek it out in detail.
Tan Xian said: "Xixian, Qinian (Chen Weisong's character) came out, and the Ci School of this dynasty began to form." "("Ci Zhong Ci" 2) "Gui Dian Qiu" is Zhu Yizun's representative work. Kuang Zhouyi's "Hui Feng Ci Hua" listed it as the first in the dynasty. Word cloud: Thinking about the past, crossing the river, looking over the mountains with the low reflection of Qing'e. A group of people sleep together listening to the autumn rain, their little quilts and quilts are each cold. In just four sentences and twenty-seven words, it outlines a sad scene, tells a touching story, expresses a lingering infatuation, and reveals a helpless life. Zhu Yizun fell in love with his sister-in-law Feng Shouchang. He once recorded their love story in a poem called "Feng Huai Two Hundred Rhymes". When the poems were compiled, others advised him to delete this poem. He said that he would rather be a sinner than delete this poem. He also used Feng Shouchang's character "Jingzhi" as the name of his poems and collection of poems. "Jingzhi Juqinqu" contains mostly love poems with Jingzhi as the object. Mao Guangsheng said: "In fact, the whole volume of "Jingzhi Juqinqu" is a footnote to "Fenghuai"." ("Xiao Sanwu Pavilion Ci Hua") "Gui Dian Qiu" is the most outstanding one among them. "Thinking about the past" is time; "crossing the river" is place. "Qing'e looking down over the mountain" is like a close-up, vividly depicting the yearning, obsession and reluctance. At the same time, it also vaguely reveals their special love and specific situation. This is the emotional peak of the whole word. "A group of people sleep together listening to the autumn rain, and their little quilts and quilts are each cold", which is both a realistic line description and a flow of psychological feelings. With a five-foot body, man pursues infinity; with a short life of less than a hundred years, he pursues eternity; with the cognitive ability that makes God laugh (there is a saying in the West: When a man thinks, God laughs), he pursues the end. Truth, just like a mere passerby who seeks the ultimate meaning of life, the persistence in spiritual communication is another antinomy in life.