Valery Yakovlevich Bryusov (1873- 1924), a poet, novelist, playwright, translator and literary critic, was the leader and outstanding representative of Russian symbolism poetry at the end of 19 and the beginning of the 20th century. His works have been translated into German, French, English, Italian, Latin, Polish and Armenian and published in Europe.
Chinese name: Valery Yakovlevich Bryusov.
mbth
Nationality: Russia
Date of birth:1873 65438+February 65438+March.
Date of death:1924 65438+1October 9.
Occupation: writer
Graduate School: Moscow University
Masterpiece: the key to the secret.
brief introduction
Born into a merchant family in Moscow, he began to learn poetry at the age of 8. In the second day of junior high school, he began to publish poems in magazines written by his father. Influenced by Nelson and lermontov, most of them are poems that reflect the contradiction between citizens' themes, personal ideals and reality. At the same time, I came into contact with French symbolism poetry and read Wei Erlun, Malamei and Bo Han. At the age of twenty, he was admitted to the Department of Literature and History of Moscow University. 1894- 1895 successively published three poems, Russian symbolist (русскиесивол). 1904, The Secret Key (ключитайн) was published and became the program of Russian symbolism. 1910-1912 presided over the literary criticism of Russian thought magazine. He regarded the October Revolution as a comprehensive innovation in life, so he welcomed the revolution, actively cooperated with the Soviet regime and did a lot of organizational work for the construction of Soviet culture.
all one's life
Briusov was born into a merchant family in Moscow. His grandfather was a redeemed serf and his father was a progressive and enlightened businessman. Influenced by democratic thoughts, he advocates natural science and is an atheist. His grandfather is a self-taught writer who loves literature, writes poems and publishes works. In such a family environment with an open mind and a strong literary atmosphere, he has developed a strong interest in natural science and literature since childhood. Gifted and intelligent, he was very familiar with Darwin's theory of evolution and Russian classical writers' works, which aroused his creative desire. From 65438 to 0892, he entered the Department of History and Language of Moscow University, and began an important journey of his life and literature.
As a symbolic poet before and after the October Revolution, Brusov was a man with rich and complicated spiritual life. He is not only an important poet of Russian symbolism, but also the leader and standard-bearer of Russian popular symbolism literature movement from the end of 19 to the beginning of the 20th century. Russian symbolism, a collection of poems edited and published by him in 18, made Russian symbolism poetry echo the symbolism poetry originated in France and spread all over the world, and became an important branch of the world symbolism poetry school. The symbolism literary movement he advocated had a great influence on Russian literary world. It was not until the1920s after the October Revolution that a new generation of writers, whether party member or fellow travelers, were influenced by this genre in their writing style and form, and symbolism was still very popular. It was not until 1950s, with the strengthening of Stalin's rule and the stricter control and restriction of the government on ideology, that it gradually disappeared from the literary field of vision. Since then, it has been severely criticized by Soviet officials, called "countercurrent" and listed as a restricted area.
As a symbolist poet, he pays attention to describing people's inner world and thinks that symbols can reflect the truth of the world more effectively than images. However, he is not a symbolist in the pure sense. He inherited the radical tendency of Russian intellectuals. Therefore, while accepting many aesthetic views of western symbolists, he is also full of sensitivity to society and passion for life, and pays attention to thinking and observing the national characteristics and social reality of his country. His philosophical sociological viewpoint and poetic style are in subtle contradiction with the basic viewpoint of symbolism. If we say that his early poems, such as Masterpiece (1895), This is Me (1897) and The Third Guard (1900), have established his historical position in Russian poetry circles, and are full of strong individualism and mysticism. Therefore, he was criticized by Lenin and called "anarchist poet". But he still actively explores new social themes and praises laborers. Therefore, after the October Revolution of 19 17, he did not leave Russia and went into exile in western Europe like many symbolic poets and writers of his peers or the younger generation, but stayed in Russia, took a firm support attitude towards the revolution, and immediately joined the new regime and joined the Bolshevik Party in 1920. He cooperated with Luna Charlesky, presided over the work of the Education People's Committee and became one of the important leaders of the early cultural and educational front in the Soviet Union. After the revolution, as a poet, although he tried hard to explore new forms of expressing new content, tried his best to catch up with the times and praise Lenin and the revolution, there was still a gap with the official ideology, which caused his depressed and contradictory mentality. His leading position was finally replaced by another real proletarian writer, Serafimovic. 1924 10 He died alone at the age of 5 1. Briusov became a flash in the pan in the early Soviet literary world.
Translation and research
Briusov is also an outstanding translator of foreign literature. He came into contact with French symbolism poetry for the first time and translated the works of Malamei, Rambo and Wei Erlun. Meanwhile, he translated the works of Virgil, Moliere, Goethe, Poe and maeterlinck. As a gifted literary organizer, when he was the editor-in-chief of Libra, a Russian symbolic magazine, he not only trained a generation of Russian symbolic poets, but also made this magazine a bridge for foreign cultural exchanges and published the works of famous foreign symbolic poets like Verhalen. He not only has excellent translations and works in Armenian literature, but also has a unique vision for Pushkin's research. Therefore, he is still a profound scholar.
evaluate
Brusov is one of the lonely symbolist writers in Moscow. He has an angular face (as if jumping off a cubist portrait), prominent Mongolian cheekbones and a pair of keen eyes. Concentrated energy and stiff personality are the basic personality characteristics of Briusov. This feature contains both serious thoughts and girls' reserve and shyness. Briusov was smart and studious since childhood, and received a good education. He is knowledgeable, well-cultivated, and has an encyclopedic knowledge vision, and has made many creative achievements. He was praised by Gorky as "the most literate writer in Russia". He maintained the poet's comprehensive ability, accurate and keen vision and Briusov-style logic.
representative works
His published poems include Youth Collection, The Third Guard, Moment, Distant and so on.
Selected poems of Briusov
The silent garden was shrouded in shadows.
The silent garden is full of shade,
She whispered, "How much I love you."
The moon shines silver,
The waves swayed gently in the moonlight.
But this moment is not what I expected,
My fantasy drifted to another realm;
I feel that all this is hypocritical.
As dull as this moonlit night.
When lips are pressed together,
I remembered my dream many years ago.
This is a fascinating emotional exchange.
The moon shines with another kind of light.
we
We are the top of the rough waves,
We became bubbles again,
We spread out wearily to pave the way,
Like a handkerchief covered with live waves.
We disappeared and were swallowed up by another wave.
It must also glow briefly,
The faint microwave of dying waves
Dyed golden by the sun.
I am a drop in the sea! No way back,
Spinning in the vastness without disappearing.
In the basin of eternal sky
The storm will lift me up again!
Bleak autumn
Bleak autumn, dark and lonely,
The air is so stagnant and hot.
The midday sun is too lazy to make people sick,
Disappear into the endless thick clouds.
There are poplars on both sides of the road.
The autumn wind reveals the naked body in winter.
Residual leaves are swaying on the branches,
The hook evokes people's memories of spring dreams.
We walked side by side and looked at each other.
Face the illusion of expectation.
Instant questions are getting shorter and shorter,
It's just you and me in the world.
Once you forget the sorrow of the world,
Two souls flying in the vast airspace,
When sight meets sight,
Their feelings will be deeply imprinted in their hearts.