It's raining and the birds of the Six Dynasties are singing. Ruthlessness is a willow in Taicheng, but it is still a smoke cage.
Taicheng, whose former site is south of Jiming Mountain in Nanjing today, was originally the back garden city of Wu in the Three Kingdoms period and was rebuilt when the Eastern Jin Dynasty proclaimed itself emperor. From the Eastern Jin Dynasty to the end of the Southern Dynasty, Taicheng was always the seat of the imperial court, the seat of the provincial government, the seat of the palace, the political center and the place where emperors enjoyed themselves. After the demise of the Southern Dynasties, Taicheng declined, and when Wei Zhuang, a poet in the late Tang Dynasty, appeared in front of it, it was already in ruins.
Taicheng, a seven-character quatrain written by Wei Zhuang, a poet in the Tang Dynasty, is an ancient poem hanging on Taicheng.
However, poetry does not directly show readers the dilapidated state of Taicheng. On the contrary, it presents a picture with the charm of Jiangnan. The rain is falling, the grass is falling, and the birds of the Six Dynasties are singing. Ruthlessness is a willow in Taicheng, but it is still a smoke cage. It's raining and grass grows on the river bank; Birds are singing in their dreams, and willows on the shore are like smoke cages. The combination of these four kinds of scenery is a typical good scenery in Jiangnan.
However, when we carefully taste and notice several "keywords" that can reflect the poet's emotional attitude, we will find that the connotation of this poem is not enough to "touch the scene".
Look at the word "empty" first: the Six Dynasties are like dreams, and birds crow empty. It is the easiest to remind us of the poet Du Fu's "birds singing and flowers fragrant" in "Shu Xiang". Why is it "empty" Du Fu said "empty" because no one came to worship the ancestral temple of the Prime Minister. Although Huang Li sang beautifully, no one came to listen, and then he knocked out Zhuge Wuhou's achievements and was forgotten. Wei Zhuang said "empty" because the prosperity of the Six Dynasties had already "like a dream" disappeared and the personnel were gone. Although the crow is beautiful, no one comes to listen to it. The word "empty" immediately pointed out the bleak appearance of Taicheng.
Then there is the word "ruthless": ruthlessness is the most important thing. Vegetation is heartless, why should we accuse it of ruthlessness? It can be seen that the poet actually wrote Taichengliu as a sentient thing. Judging from the traditional application of images, "Liu" is indeed related to human feelings: when you leave, you will be given the word "stay", and you will see Liu's injury after you leave. The decline of the "Six Dynasties" is a farewell to the times.
In Wei Zhuang's eyes, Liu, who witnessed the departure of the Six Dynasties, should be "old", but he is "still a smoke cage of Shilidi" and is thriving. Pay attention to the word "still" in this sentence, which forms a contrast between the past and the present, and contains the poet's deep feelings about "the changes of the world." It is precisely because of the special role of "Liu" in traditional images that the poet used the word "most". The normal word order of "ruthlessness is the most ruthlessness" is self-evident. While strengthening the ruthlessness of Taicheng, it also highlights the image of a poet looking back at history with a little resentment.
Wei Zhuang, a poet, mourned at Taicheng Monument. Looking back on the past of the Six Dynasties, he could not help sighing that he was looking at the present. When the poet Wei Zhuang wrote Taicheng, the foreboding of national subjugation haunted him.
Stone city
Yuxi Liu Tang
The mountains are still the same, surrounded by abandoned ancient capitals, and the tide is beating against the lonely empty city as in the past. On the east bank of Huaihe River, the ancient cold moon, midnight, peep at the old palace.
At the beginning of the poem, the reader is placed in a desolate atmosphere. The mountains around the old capital still surround it. Here, it used to be Jinling City of Chu State during the Warring States Period. During the Three Kingdoms period, Sun Quan changed his name to Stone Town and built a palace here. After six generations of luxury, it was abandoned in the early Tang Dynasty and has become an "empty city" for 200 years. The tide beat against the battlements, as if aware of its desolation, touching the cold stone walls, giving a chilling sigh and retreating silently. The mountain city is still there, and the past prosperity of the stone city is empty. Faced with this desolate scene, the poet can't help asking: Why didn't he leave a trace? No one answered his question, except the bright moon rising from the east of Qinhuai River, which is still rising from behind the battlements ("female wall") affectionately, so as to see this long-run old city. The moon symbol "old times", that is, "this month has shone on the ancients", is intriguing. Qinhuai River used to be a playground for princes and nobles in the Six Dynasties. It used to be a place where songs were played all night, with spring breeze blowing and joy everywhere. The "old moon" is its witness. However, the prosperity is fleeting, and now there is only desolation under this month. The word "return" in the last sentence means that although the moon is still there, many things are gone forever.
Bo Qinhuai (Tang) Du Mu
Smoke cage cold water moon cage sand, night parking near Qinhuai restaurant. Strong women in business don't know how to hate their country, but they still sing backyard flowers across the river.
Qinhuai, the Qinhuai River, originated in the northeast of Lishui, Jiangsu, and crossed Jinling (now Nanjing, Jiangsu) to join the Yangtze River. From the Six Dynasties to the Tang Dynasty, the Qinhuai River in Jinling has always been a place for rich and powerful people to have fun. The first poem was written by the poet when he spent the night in Qinhuai. In the sigh of the land of the rise and fall of the Six Dynasties, there are feelings of worrying about the country and the people. This poem is also skillful in the use of language. The words "smoke", "water", "moon" and "sand" in the first sentence are connected by the word "cage" to form a hazy and cold water night scene. At the end of this article, I began to think about the past with the rich connotation of "near the restaurant". Qinhuai area was a famous amusement place in the Six Dynasties, and there were many restaurants, so the endless prosperity of song and dance banquets in the past was actually included in the poet's thoughts at this time. The last two sentences are caused by a poem "Flowers in the backyard", which expresses the poet's indignation at the "businesswoman" and indirectly satirizes the powerful people who don't pay attention to state affairs and are obsessed with money, that is, the rulers who lead a drunken life. The word "still singing" skillfully combines history with reality, which not only hurts time, but also is euphemistic and profound. Shen Deqian, a critic in Qing Dynasty, praised this poem as a "swan song", and the word "Jude" expressed the author's critical meaning and anxiety. Guan Shiming even called it a masterpiece of the Tang Dynasty. Qinhuai River is a bustling place of singing and dancing in Jinling, the ancient capital of the Six Dynasties. The poet moored the boat in the middle of the night, and from the other side came the song of yushu backyard flower, a merchant girl. Listening to the voice of national subjugation, I can't help but arouse the feeling of the rise and fall of the times. The last two sentences deeply condemn the rulers who only know how to attract songs and dances, buy laughter and pursue happiness, but don't take historical scenery as a mirror. This poem is a blend of scenery and scenes, and the hazy scenery contrasts with the faint sadness in the poet's heart. This poem is nostalgic. Jinling was once the capital of the Six Dynasties, and it was prosperous for a while. Today, seeing the decline of the Tang dynasty, those in power are fatuous and dissolute, and it is inevitable to repeat the mistakes of the Six Dynasties, and feel infinite sorrow. The first sentence describes the scenery, first trying to render the elegant night by the water; Two narratives, pointing out the location of parking at night; Three or four feelings, from the "near the restaurant" leads to the songs of merchant girls, restaurants have many songs, which are naturally free and easy; The decadent songs lead to "I don't know how to die and hate my country", attacking the rich and powerful people for indulging in debauchery, which has profound implications; The tune of "backyard flower" is quoted from "national subjugation and hatred", which uses Chen Houzhu's poems to lash out at the debauchery of powerful people, which is profound and sharp. These two sentences express sober feudal intellectuals' worries about state affairs, and also reflect that bureaucrats and nobles are filling their decadent and empty souls with singing and dancing, leading a drunken life, which is a portrayal of two different aspects in the real life of the decline of the late Tang Dynasty. "Strong women in business don't know how to hate the country, and they also sing" backyard flowers "across the river." "Flowers in the Garden of Yushu" is said to have been written by Chen Houzhu in the Southern Dynasties, and is called "the voice of national subjugation" by later generations. "Across the River" inherits a story of "national subjugation and hatred for the rich", which means that the Sui soldier Chen Shijiang was in Jiangbei, and the small court in the Southern Dynasties was in danger across the river, while Chen Houzhu was still addicted to singing, and finally he was captured and died. Literally, these two poems seem to criticize the singer, but in fact, the poet feels the decline of state affairs and the decline of the world in the late Tang Dynasty, criticizing those rulers who are addicted to singing and dancing and "don't know" that the country will die. The word "still singing" is meaningful, which skillfully links history, reality and imagined future, and shows the poet's concern and anxiety about the fate of the country. This poem was written by what the poet saw, heard and felt. The language is fresh and natural, and the conception is exquisite and meticulous. The whole collection of poems consists of scenery, events, feelings and meanings in one furnace, and the scenery is set for the feelings, and the feelings follow the scenery. Chen Houzhu's famine and national subjugation allegorized the rulers of the late Tang Dynasty, implicitly expressing the poet's deep thinking about history and deep concern for reality. With deep feelings and profound implications, it is known as a masterpiece in the quatrains of the Tang Dynasty. This poem shows the poet's bitter satire on the rulers of the late Tang Dynasty and his deep concern for the fate of the country. Such rich connotations and profound themes are contained in just 28 words, each of which is concise. The language of poetry requires conciseness. Only simplicity can be implicit, and only implicit can be seen. So subtlety and exquisiteness complement each other. This poem vividly and typically shows the breath of the late Tang Dynasty in the artistic conception of scene blending, reminds people of the fate of the late Tang Dynasty from Chen Houzhu's debauchery and national subjugation, and euphemistically and implicitly expresses the poet's deep thinking on history and reality, with profound content, deep feelings, endless implications and thought-provoking.