1. The early Northern Song Dynasty was mainly a continuation of the poetic style in the middle and late Tang Dynasty, which can be roughly classified as three-body. At first, Bai Juyi's poetic style was imitated by Bai Juyi. The main poets are Liu Yun, Xu Xuan and Wang Yucheng. Among them, Wang Yucheng has the highest achievement. He consciously studied the realistic spirit of Bai Juyi's satirical poems, paid attention to the sufferings of people's livelihood, and his style was simple, popular, simple and smooth. Some aspects show the new direction of the development of Song poetry. Later, the style of the late Tang Dynasty after Jia Dao and Yao He became popular. The main poets are Lin Bu, Pan Lang and Kou Zhun. One of the most famous poets is Lin Bu, who is good at modern poetry. Most of his poems describe the quiet, austere life of a hermit, relaxed and leisurely. The most powerful school of poetry in this period was Quincy School, which highly praised Li Shangyin. The representative poets are Yang Yi, Qian. Quincy Style is elegant in its use of allusions and dictionaries, but it lacks profound ideological content and distinctive spirit of the times.
2. In the middle of the Northern Song Dynasty, with the development and deepening of the poetry innovation movement, Ouyang Xiu, Wang Anshi, Su Shi and other giants created a new situation in the Song Dynasty, and the Song tune tended to be mature and basically stereotyped. In the poems of this period, Ouyang Xiu and Mei He were the first singers. Mei's poetic style is plain and far-reaching, and she is the founder of the poetry circle in Song Dynasty. Su Shunqin's pen power is magnificent, surpassing the horizontal direction and setting a precedent in the Song Dynasty; Ouyang Xiu's painting style is simple and smooth, flowing and beautiful, and has changed the way. These three factors not only cleared up the gorgeous habits of Kunxi style, but also laid the aesthetic style of prose, scholarship, discussion and utilitarianism in Song poetry, which opened up a completely different new world for Song poetry. Wang Anshi and Su Shi followed suit. Wang Anshi's early works pay attention to the reality of people's livelihood, and are good at exposition and incisive and concise. In his later years, his works are unique in their skills and laws, strict poetic rhythm and delicate images. Su Shi is brilliant, changeable in style, rich in subject matter and good at all kinds of styles. Nothing can enter poetry, nothing can enter poetry, which greatly opens up a new realm of Song poetry and represents the highest level of Song poetry.
3. In the late Northern Song Dynasty, the main poets were Su Men Ba Shi and Chen Shidao. On the one hand, they flaunt the inheritance of Su Shi's poetic style, on the other hand, they have differences with Su Shi in aesthetic orientation. Huang Tingjian advocated "turning stone into gold" and "reinventing himself", emphasizing knowledge and technology. His poetic style is thin, tough, vigorous, novel and eccentric, with a unique flavor of Song people, which most prominently embodies the artistic characteristics of Song tune. Chen Shidao indulged in bitter songs, deliberately seeking novelty, and his poetic style was simple, rough and self-contained. Both of them had a great influence on the later Jiangxi poetry school.
4. In the early Southern Song Dynasty, Jiangxi Poetry School formed and grew. The main poets are Chen,, Zeng Du and so on. They took Huang and Chen as their ancestors and their creative achievements were not high. After Nandu, the theme began to expand, the poetic style gradually changed, and the theory of poetic creation was revised. Chen's creative achievements are the most outstanding. Jiangxi Poetry School occupies an important position in the history of the development of the Song Dynasty, and all the four great poets of Zhongxing have been in and out of this school.
5. In the mid-Southern Song Dynasty, Song poetry reached its peak again after the mid-Northern Song Dynasty, with Yang Wanli, Fan Chengda, You Mao and Lu You as the representative poets. Yang Wanli learned from nature, his poetic style was lively, his images were novel and humorous, and his language was popular and fluent, forming a unique and sincere style. Facing life, Fan Chengda's pastoral poems are unique in the history of China's poetry. Lu You was the most outstanding poet in this period and even in the Southern Song Dynasty. His poems are rich in materials, profound in kung fu, vigorous and solemn in poetic style and broad in artistic conception, all of which play a role at the same time. Both Lu You and Xin Qiji have become the most brilliant singers of this era. Thanks to the efforts and positive innovations of ZTE poets, Jiangxi Poetry School, once all the rage, gradually faded out of the poetry circle.
6. The decline and extinction of the Song Dynasty occurred in the late Southern Song Dynasty, mainly due to the emergence of Yongjia Siling and Jianghu poets who opposed Jiangxi poets and adopted the late Tang Dynasty. In addition, a number of patriotic poets have emerged to carry forward Du Fu's realistic spirit and Lu You's patriotic tradition. Yongjia Four Spirits respected Jia Dao and Yao He as their ancestors, specializing in five laws, narrow materials, trivial carving and humble spirit. The pattern of Jianghu Poetry School is more open than that of Siling, and its themes are wider. However, except for Liu Kezhuang and Dai Fugu, most of them are mediocre, and the overall style is implicit and smooth, and they have not broken away from the old habits of the late Tang Dynasty. The vicissitudes of Ding Ge in Song and Yuan Dynasties made poets in the late Southern Song Dynasty more involved in the cruel reality. Wen Tianxiang, Wang Yuanliang and other patriotic poets sang generous and tragic war songs, or sang gloomy and desolate sad songs, which drew a satisfactory end to the history of the Song Dynasty.