The mountain is not high, but it is famous if there are immortals. If the water is not deep, if there is a dragon, it will be spiritual. This is a humble house, but I am virtuous. The moss marks are green on the upper steps, and the grass color is green on the curtains. There are scholars who talk and laugh, but there are no idle people when coming and going. You can tune the plain Qin and read the Golden Sutra. There are no messy ears of silk and bamboo, and there is no laborious shape of case documents. Zhugelu in Nanyang, Yunting in Western Shuzi. Confucius said: What is so shameful?
Translation and Notes
Translation
A mountain is not about its height, it is famous if there are immortals (living in it); water is not about its depth, it is aura if there are dragons. This is a simple house, but my moral character makes it less simple. Traces of moss are green and grow up to the steps, and the green grass is reflected in the bamboo curtain. The people I talk and laugh with are all knowledgeable people, and the people I associate with are not knowledgeable people. You can play the undecorated harp and read Buddhist scriptures. There is no loud music to disturb the ears, and no official documents to tire the body. There is Zhuge Liang's thatched cottage in Nanyang, and there is Yangziyun's pavilion in Xishu (both of them are simple, but the people who live there are famous, so they don't feel simple). Confucius said: "(Since a gentleman lives inside), what's the point of being simple?"
Notes
Title: Selected from Volume 608 of "Quan Tangwen". shabby house: a simple house. Inscription: In ancient times, words carved on objects to warn oneself or describe merits and virtues, often in rhyme. Later it developed into a literary style.
1. Zai (zài): to be, verb.
2. Name (míng): famous, here refers to because of... and the noun is used as a verb.
3. Ling (líng): noun used as a verb, with aura.
4. lòu shì: This is a simple house. S: This. Yes: indicates judgment. Cottage: a humble house, here refers to the author's own house.
5. Weiwu Dexin: Fortunately, I (the owner of the room) have noble moral character (I don’t think it is simple). Wei: only. Me: I, here refers to the person who lives in the house himself. Dexin: The fragrance of virtue. "Shang Shu Jun Chen": "Millet and millet are not fragrant, but bright virtue is fragrant." Xin: fragrance, here refers to noble moral character.
6. The traces of moss on the steps are green, and the color of the grass is green when it enters the curtain: the traces of moss spread to the steps, which are green and green; the color of the grass is reflected in the bamboo curtain, making it green.
7. Hongru (hóng rú): This refers to a learned person. Hong: Big.
8. Bai Ding: Common people, here refers to people with little knowledge.
9. Tiao (tiáo) plain qin: playing a qin without decoration. Tiao: Tune, here refers to playing (qin). Plain Qin: A Qin without decoration.
10. Golden Sutra: This refers to Buddhist scriptures.
11. Silk and bamboo: refers to musical instruments such as qin, se, flute, etc. Here it refers to the sound of playing music. "Si" refers to string instruments, and "bamboo" refers to wind instruments.
12.: particle, not translated. Used between subject and predicate to cancel the independence of the sentence.
13. Disturbing ears: Disturbing both ears. Chaos: The causative usage of the adjective makes...chaos, disrupts.
14. Official documents (dú): (official) documents.
15. Labor form: to make the body tired (useful usage). Lao: The use of the adjective as an adjective means to make... tired. Shape: form, body.
16. Nanyang: Place name, west of today’s Nanyang City, Henan Province. Before Zhuge Liang came out of the mountain, he lived in seclusion and farmed in Wollongong, Nanyang.
17. Zhuge Lu in Nanyang and Ziyun Pavilion in Western Shu: There is Zhuge Liang’s thatched cottage in Nanyang and Yangzi Yun’s pavilion in Western Shu. These two sentences mean that Zhuge Lu and Ziyunting are both simple and simple, but because the people who live there are famous, they are admired by people. Zhuge Liang, courtesy name Kongming, was the prime minister of the Shu Han Dynasty during the Three Kingdoms, a great statesman and military strategist. Before becoming an official, he lived in seclusion in Longzhong Mountain, Nanyang County. Yang Xiong, courtesy name Ziyun, was a writer in the Western Han Dynasty and a native of Chengdu, Shu County. Lu: A simple little house.
18. He Shaozhiyou: That is, "What's the shame", which belongs to the preposition of the object. In other words, the particle, the sign of the preposition of the object, is not translated. The full sentence is translated as: What is so simple?
19. Confucius said: Confucius said that clouds generally refer to meaning in classical Chinese. Selected from the chapter "The Analects of Confucius·Zihan": "How can a gentleman live there?" The author removes the gentleman's home here to reflect his modest character.
Classical Chinese knowledge
One word has multiple meanings
Part 1:
① Used between subject and predicate, canceling the independence of the sentence :The form of labor without case documents
②Structural particle, equivalent to "of": the person near the fortress, the deceased nineteen
③Pronoun, referring to the thing mentioned previously< /p>
④, particle, sign of preposition of object, not translated. What a bad thing
⒉Correspondence:
①It means people who communicate with each other: there are scholars who talk and laugh, but there are no white people who come and go.
② Indicates people coming and going: among them, there are many works ("Peach Blossom Spring")
Inflection of parts of speech
⒈Noun: Noun conjugated with verb, famous. Example: If the mountain is not high, it will be named if it has immortals
⒉Ling: The noun is used as a verb to show its aura.
Example: If the water is not deep, there will be a dragon.
⒊xin: The noun is conjugated into a verb, and there is Fangxin. Example: This is a humble house, but I am virtuous and kind
⒋Chaos: The use of the adjective as a verb causes... to be disturbed. Example: No Silk Bamboo's Chaotic Ears
⒌Lao: The use of adjectives makes... feel tired. Example: The form of labor without a case
⒍Shang: The locative noun is used as a verb, and it is on the vine. Example: The upper level of the moss mark is green
⒎Green: the adjective acts as a verb, turning green. Example: Green on the moss mark
Different meanings in ancient and modern times
⒈Lao Xing (shape: body; today’s commonly used meaning is: appearance) without case slips
⒉ Weiwu Dexin (Xin: noble moral character; today's meaning: fragrant.)
⒊There is Hongru (Hong: big, profound; today's meaning: Hongyan, letter.)
< p> ⒋There is no confusion about silk and bamboo (Sizhu: harp, flute, flute and other orchestral instruments, here refers to the sound of musical instruments; today’s meaning is: silk and bamboo)5. You can tune the plain qin (tuning: playing Memorial; today's meaning is: mediation)
Writing background
Liu Yuxi offended the powerful people of the time because he participated in the political reform movement at that time, and was demoted to Hezhou County, Anhui Province as an unofficial Small pass judgment. According to regulations, the general judge should live in a three-bedroom house in the county government office. But when Hezhou County saw people serving dishes, they saw that Liu Yuxi was a soft persimmon who had been demoted from above, so they deliberately made things difficult for him. He was first arranged to live in the south of the city facing the river. Liu Yuxi not only had no complaints, but was very happy. He even wrote two sentences casually and posted them on the door: "Facing the river and watching the white sails, I am thinking about arguing with the state." Hezhou magistrate When he found out, he was very angry and ordered the Yamen officers to move Liu Yuxi's residence from the south gate of the county to the north gate of the county, reducing the area from the original three rooms to one and a half rooms. The new residence was located by the Desheng River, with weeping willows nearby, and the environment was pleasant. Liu Yuxi still didn't care about it, and he fell in love with the scenery. He wrote two more sentences on the door: "The weeping willows are green by the river, and people are in Liyang and their hearts are in Beijing." ”
The county magistrate saw that he was still leisurely and carefree, so he sent someone to transfer him to the middle of the county again, and only gave him a small room that could only accommodate a bed, a table, and a chair. . Within half a year, the magistrate forced Liu Yuxi to move three times, each time the area became smaller and smaller, and in the end it was just a small room. Thinking that this snobbish dog official had really deceived people too much, he angrily wrote this extraordinary and elegant "Inscription on the Humble Room" and asked someone to carve a stone tablet and place it in front of the door.
Classic poems
The main sentence of this article: This is a humble house, but I am virtuous.
A sentence that embodies the quiet environment of the humble room and highlights the elegance of the scenery: the moss marks are green on the steps, and the grass is green on the curtains.
Sentences that reflect the author's elegance in communication (a sentence that says "a humble house is not humble" in terms of daily interactions): There are great Confucians in talking and laughing, and there are no idle people in dealings.
Sentences that reflect the author’s interest in activities: A writes on the front: You can tune the piano and read the Golden Scripture. On the reverse side of B, it is written: No messy ears of silk and bamboo, no laborious shape of case documents.
The author compares himself with famous ancient sages: Zhuge Lu in Nanyang, Yunting in Western Shu.
The finishing sentence in the full text: Confucius said: What is so shameful? Don't forget the water in the small pond at that time. There may be a crouching dragon in the shallow place. The sentences with the same meaning are: "If the water is not deep, if there is a dragon, it will be spiritual."
The sentences that use analogy in the article are: 1. If the mountain is not high, if there are immortals, it will be famous. If the water is not deep, if there is a dragon, it will be spiritual. 2. Zhuge Lu in Nanyang and Yunting in Western Shuzi.
There are two places in the article that use the combination of virtual and real writing: the first is real writing: talking and laughing, there are great Confucian scholars. Dummy writing: There is no white Ding in the exchanges. The second actual writing: You can tune the plain qin and read the Golden Sutra. Dummy writing: No messy ears of silk and bamboo, no laborious shape of case documents.
Appreciation
"The Inscription on the Humble Room" begins with the theme of mountains and rivers. The water does not need to be deep, as long as there is a fairy dragon, you can be famous.
Then the place where you live Although it is simple, it is "lovable" because of the "virtue" of the owner. In other words, the humble house can certainly become famous because of the presence of people with high moral character, and its reputation will spread far and wide, and it will be recorded in stone. Ordinary landscapes are brought to life by immortal dragons, so of course humble houses can also be spread with fragrance by people of high moral character. This technique of leveraging strength is really wonderful and can be said to be the author's unique ingenuity. In particular, the fairy dragon embellishes the landscape, which is a wonderful idea. "This is a shabby house, but I am virtuous and kind." The title starts from the landscape, fairy dragons, and the author directly cuts into the theme with a sudden change of writing, laying the foundation for reading the introduction. It also points out the reason why a humble house is not poor. The reason is the word Dexin.
At this point, it can be seen that the author wrote this essay after repeated thinking, and it was definitely not a temporary inspiration. Quatrains can be a sudden inspiration, but flawless connection is the result of daily accumulation of skills and repeated deliberation. 4-7 Sentences: This article was written out of difficulty and carved on stone, which has a strong tit-for-tat nature. Judging from the writing technique of the full text, the whole text is written in one go with the technique of "comparison", rather than as a contrast. So what exactly are the two sentences "moss marks" and "talking and laughing" talking about? Moss is still green on the stone steps, and weeds are still lush and green in the wasteland. What is the implication? I, Liu Yuxi, will never change my true character wherever I go. The people I associate with are all well-educated and learned people, and there are no uneducated people (like you). The author uses moss and weeds to describe his independent personality. This is a portrayal of integrity and a declaration of unyieldingness. "You can tune the plain Qin and read the Golden Scripture. There is no mess of silk and bamboo, and there is no trouble of writing documents."
These two sentences also continue the "comparison" technique, but they change from analogy to reverse comparison.
If sentences 1 to 3 of this article are a kind of foreshadowing, then sentences 4 to 7 enter the real confrontation. The author uses poetic and beautiful language to show his pride and pride, and at the same time, he also mercilessly lashes out at the snobs.
"Zhuge Cottage in Nanyang, Ziyun Pavilion in Western Shu" The author uses Zhuge Liang's thatched cottage and Yangziyun's Xuanting in Western Shu as analogies to draw out his own humble house and people as his own role models, hoping that he can also do the same. Just like them, they have noble moral character, reflecting their own thoughts of treating themselves as ancient sages, and at the same time implying that a humble house is not humble. In fact, Liu Yuxi's writing has another profound meaning, that is, Zhuge Liang was living in a thatched cottage in Longzhong waiting for the Ming Dynasty to come out. And what about Yang Xiong? But he was a man who was indifferent to fame and wealth and devoted himself to studying. Although he was a top official, his indifference to the ups and downs of official position and money was a model for future generations. The author quotes these two people, and what he wants to express is: to be calm in the face of changes, to be unyielding in the face of danger, to stick to one's moral integrity, and to be calm about honor and disgrace. I don’t want to go along with the secular world, but I also want to show my ambition when I meet the enlightened master. If there is no enlightened master, I would rather settle for a mediocre ambition. This, combined with the ups and downs of the author's officialdom, is more in line with the actual situation.
The concluding sentence quotes "Confucius said: Why is there such a thing as shabby?", quoting the words of the ancients and concluding the whole article, explaining that a shabby house is "not shabby". It expressed his pursuit of the moral character of the feudal ethics at that time. Standardizing and demanding oneself with the ethics affirmed by saints may be Liu Yuxi's requirements for his own moral character. Such a conclusion does not say what the content means, but combined with the meaning of the question, it is a masterstroke. Because the feudal ethics are based on Confucian moral standards, Confucius’ affirmation also laid the final conclusion for his theory of moral character. The paper should have arguments, and quoting Confucius’ words as an argument was undoubtedly a good idea at the time. The arguments are sufficient and irrefutable.
Theme
This inscription combines the strengths of poetry and prose, is short yet concise, rich in emotion and rationality. It writes about "humble room" and praises "virtue and kindness". Because of his noble moral character, he shines brightly in a humble room. There is nothing shabby to say about it. It reads vigorously, catchy and refreshing.
It can be said that the theme of this short article is to express the author's noble sentiments of not collaborating with the world, being content with poverty, and being clean and self-sufficient through the description and praise of the humble house. It reflects his noble and noble character that does not admire wealth and honor. . In the article, "This is a shabby house, but I am virtuous." This sentence is the central sentence of this article. This sentence can be seen that the fundamental reason why the author has a shabby house but not a shabby one is his own noble moral character. In the end, "No mess of wires and bamboos, no labor of documents" can show the author's height ambition and the mentality of not collaborating with the world. Finally, "Nanyang Zhugelu, Xishuzi Yunting." uses the words of famous people from all walks of life. The shabby room once again highlights one's own noble character. Finally, borrowing Confucius' words "how can one be shabby?" once again writes about one's own noble character and highlights the theme of "a shabby house is not shabby".
Writing Techniques<. /p>
The writing techniques of "The Inscription on the Humble Room" are complex, using contrast, line drawing, allusion, allusion, metonymy and analogy in only 81 characters, and it also has rhyme and a strong sense of rhythm. The stone is striking and natural and smooth, and the song ends with lingering sounds that leave people with endless aftertaste.
Sentence pattern
Judging from the sentence pattern, "The Inscription on the Humble Room" is dominated by parallel sentences. , the sentence structure is neat, the rhythm is clear, and the phonology is harmonious, giving people a visual neatness. However, "He Hao Zhiyou" in "Hou Shi Ming" is a prose sentence, so the sentence structure of "Hou Shi Ming" is a combination of parallel and prose. , which makes the article have a lively rhythm, the language is well-proportioned, the reading is rhythmic, harmonious and pleasant, and it gives people the beauty of music in the auditory sense. At the same time, the article focuses on five words, with four and six words in between, so the sentence structure is uneven. Rhyme to the end.
Bixing
The most prominent artistic technique is Bixing. At the beginning of the article, the analogy of "mountain" and "water" is used to introduce the famous and spiritual nature of the humble house and point out the main theme. , implying that the humble house is not humble (the mountains and rivers are used to compare the humble house, the immortal dragon is used to compare virtue, and the name spirit is compared to Xin).
Reverse conception
From the perspective of conception, "The Inscription of the Humble House" is based on the metaphor. The foil method supports the object and expresses the ambition, and in a reverse way, it does not mention the "hide" of the humble house, but only writes about the "not shabby" side of the shabby house, and the "not shabby" is because of its "virtue and kindness", so it is natural. It achieves the purpose of expressing feelings. It expresses the author's moral integrity, his desire to live in poverty, and his feelings of not being complicit in the world.
Clues
Judging from the clues, "The Humble House". "Inscription" uses the idea of ??"Wei Wu De Xin" throughout the whole text: "Wei Wu De Xin" is introduced at the beginning, then it is expressed in terms of the living environment, people coming and going and daily life, and finally it is expressed as "Zhuge Lu" ", "How ugly" of "Ziyunting" contrasts with "Weiwu Dexin". These are the author's subjective feelings.
Expressing one's ambitions through things
Quoted by the author The purpose of He Shaozhiyou is that "a humble house is not shabby", and "only my virtue is good" governs the whole article.
From the perspective of expression, "Humble House Inscription" integrates description, lyricism and discussion. Describe the quiet and elegant environment of the "humble room" and the elegant demeanor of the owner to express his noble and reclusive feelings.
The author places his feelings on a specific thing, and it is better to describe the things. to express one's thoughts and feelings.
Lyrical
The article uses a humble room to reason, and uses a lyrical style to show the author's noble character. Reasons are seen in things, and emotions are revealed in scenes. It can be said that "emotions are revealed by scenes, and scenes are revealed." Born out of love.” In this way, the author's leisurely anecdotes and the beautiful scenery of his home are written in an implicit, vivid and far-reaching way.
The article is clever in its use of allusions. For example, "Zhuge Cottage" and "Ziyunting" are used to describe oneself, and Confucius' words are quoted - "Why is there such a shabby thing?" It shows that the shabby house is "not shabby", thus enhancing the credibility and persuasiveness of the article's reasoning.
In short, the author does not advertise himself as a "gentleman" in the article, but as a gentleman's respect for morality and self-discipline, which is expressed as a detached and open-minded and optimistic and cheerful attitude towards life's frustrations and bumpy career. . Because of this, rather than seeing it as a prose expounding on the "not shabby" nature of a shabby house, we would rather say that it is a lyrical poem praising a shabby house to show its owner's indifferent and elegant life taste.
Theme
From the perspective of the theme, "Inscription on a Humble Room" tries its best to describe the humble house as not shabby by describing the life interests of the people living in it. The article "Inscription on a Humble Room" shows that the author does not follow the world. A life attitude of being complicit in others, keeping oneself clean and not pursuing sensual entertainment. It expresses the author's noble and arrogant sentiments and reveals the author's sentiments of being content with poverty and enjoying life. "Inscriptions" are words carved on objects in ancient times to warn oneself or describe merits. Later, they developed into a literary style, which has the characteristic of rhyme.
Judging from the title, the author is praising the humble house and making an inscription for the humble house. In fact, this is not the case. The author is using objects to express his emotions and express his aspirations. This article uses borrowed objects to express emotions and express ambitions. Through the description of the shabby house, it expresses the author's thoughts and feelings of living in a shabby house, living in poverty and living in peace, and showing the author's noble integrity of not admiring wealth and not collaborating with the world. There are 81 words in the whole text. It can be said that every word is poorly written, but every word is clearly not crude. The opening 16 words set the tone for the entire text to be well-written. "Mountains are not high, and immortals are famous. Waters are not deep, and dragons are spiritual." From the surface, "immortals" and "dragons" add color to mountains and water, but in fact they are the masters of a humble room. The owner of the shabby house lives in a shabby house, but his spiritual thoughts are so rich and fulfilling: "Hongru", "Jin Jing" and "Su Qin" not only describe the pursuit of the owner of the shabby house from the aspects of communication, learning and pleasure, but also " The three words "Hong, Jin, Su" have rich connotations, but they have nothing to do with embarrassment. As he himself said, "This is a shabby house, but I am virtuous." He used the fragrant fragrance to describe his noble thoughts and moral character. This highlights that the owner of the shabby house is not pursuing glory and wealth (without the chaos of silk and bamboo), but also It is not about fame and wealth (the form of labor without official documents), but about the purity of heart, the elegance of interest, and the sweetness of virtue. The author compares his shabby house to "Zhuge Cottage" and "Ziyunting" to set an example and encourage himself. It also shows the author's desire to live in poverty and live in peace, so he says "how shabby is there".
This inscription uses the expression method of supporting things to express aspirations, and by praising the simple living room, it expresses the author's attitude towards life that does not seek glory and profit, and does not want to join the world, and his desire to maintain noble moral integrity and not seek Wenda, poverty-stricken and happy with the taste of life.
From this article, we can see the elegance pursued by the author and the richness of spirit. What makes people feel is that the shabby room is not shabby, which are the words and phrases that directly describe the shabby room: "The moss marks are green on the steps, and the color of grass enters the curtains." "Green" also makes people feel less "ugly", and gives people more of a cabin shaded by lush green grass, full of vitality. It's really a shabby house.
The full text is only 81 words and has three meanings. In the first level (sentences 1 to 3), use analogies to point out the main idea: "This is a shabby house, but my virtue is good for it." It is pointed out that the main purpose of the article is "only my virtue is good for me." The shabby house is not shabby. The second level (sentences 4 to 7) describes the living environment, guests and daily life, revealing the connotation of "virtue and kindness": the beautiful and elegant environment reflects the quiet and indifferent mood of the room owner; the knowledgeable visitors represent the room owner The elegant and refined feelings and the peaceful and comfortable life reflect the owner's interest in living in poverty and his disdain for worldly life, thus pointing out the reason why "Dexin" is "a humble house but not a humble one". The third level (sentences 8 to 9) compares his humble house with "Zhuge Lu" and "Ziyunting", and ends the text with Confucius' words, which implicitly expresses the author's elegant taste of treating himself as a gentleman, and is related to The opening line "Wei Wu De Xin" echoes from afar.
Rhetoric
⑴The way of writing to express one's ambitions
⑵The conception of reverse ideas
⑶The contrasts are neat and rhyming
⑷Using analogy and rising techniques
⑸Using intertextual rhetorical techniques
Introduction
"Humble Chamber Inscription" is selected from "The Complete Tang Dynasty" "Article" Volume 608, Episode 608. One is said to be written by Liu Yuxi, and the other is said to be written earlier than Liu Yuxi.
"Inscriptions" are originally words engraved on utensils and inscriptions in ancient times to warn oneself or state one's merits. They are often used to sing praises, pay homage to ancestors, and warn others. Later, it gradually developed into an independent style of writing, which generally uses rhyme. Due to the unique historical origin of this style of writing, this style of writing has the characteristics of short chapters, simple text, and profound meaning. According to the classification of ancient literary styles, "Inscription" is a practical text. If you understand the meaning of the inscription, you will also understand the meaning of the title, which is to describe the humble room and praise the Analects of Confucius through the humble room. In fact, it is to use the name of the shabby room to break the confusion and enlightenment, and to attract people. This is the real meaning of the author. The author's reclusive life attitude is the value of being content with poverty and enjoying life, and his outlook on life.
The humble house here was built by Liu Yuxi when he was the governor of Hezhou in the fourth year of Changqing.
Selected from "Complete Tang Dynasty". After the house was completed, the calligrapher Liu Gongquan wrote the "Inscription on the Humble House" and made it into a monument, which was built next to the city. Later, due to war and looting, all the houses and monuments were destroyed. The existing shabby house was rebuilt by Song Siren, the magistrate of the Qianlong Emperor of the Qing Dynasty. In 1902, Jin Baofu of Lingnan added a book called "The Inscription of the Humble House" on one side of the monument.