Ancient poetry is divided into two categories, one is ancient poetry, the other is modern poetry, including metrical poems and quatrains.
Quatrain
China's poetic style, also called punctuation, punctuation and poem ending, is usually composed of five words and seven words. It originated from the ballads of the Han, Wei, Southern and Northern Dynasties. After the Tang dynasty, modern poetry prevailed, and the meter was the same as the first, last or middle four of eight metrical poems. Therefore, some people in the Tang Dynasty classified quatrains as metrical poems. Later,
Lvshi
One of China's modern poems, with strict meter, originated in the Southern Dynasties. Metric poetry requires the unity of the number of words in the poem, and each poem is five-character, six-character and seven-character sentences, which are referred to as five-character, six-character and seven-character sentences for short. Among them, six-character poems are rare. The usual metrical poems stipulate eight sentences each. If there are only six sentences, it is called fine-print poem or three-rhyme poem. If it is more than eight sentences, that is, more than 10 sentences, it is called exclusive law or long law. Usually an eight-sentence poem is completed, and every two sentences become couplets, which is called quadruple. Traditionally, the first couplet is called question couplet, the second couplet is called parallel couplet, the third couplet is called neck couplet, and the fourth couplet is called conclusion sentence. Each poem has two or three couplets (that is, a antithetical sentence). The second, fourth, sixth and eighth sentences rhyme. The first sentence can be put on or off, and every sentence in the metrical poem is even. The parallel sentences in the upper and lower sentences are opposite, and there are two kinds of "parallel sentences". In addition, the metrical requirements of metrical poems also apply to quatrains.
In a word, the difference is that quatrains are four sentences and metrical poems are eight.
Poetry in ancient style
Classical poetry, also known as ancient poetry and ancient style, has four characters, five characters, six characters, seven characters and miscellaneous characters. Later generations used five words and seven words. Five characters are abbreviated as "five characters" and seven characters are abbreviated as "seven characters". Classical poetry does not limit the number of sentences, does not require antithesis, and does not talk much about even words, so its rhyme is relatively free.
"Modern Style" Poetry
Compared with classical poetry, modern poetry came into being later, originated in the Southern Dynasties and matured in the early Tang Dynasty. Among them, the metrical poems are fixed in form and rigorous in meter, with eight sentences each. A single sentence is called a sentence, and two sentences are called a couplet. One or two sentences are called couplets, three or four are called couplets, five or six are called couplets, and seven or eight are called couplets. More than ten sentences are called parallelism. Among them, quatrains are also called quatrains and truncated sentences. It seems that half of the metrical poems are intercepted, each with four sentences. Judging from its specifications, some of them are antithetical, similar to the first couplet and parallel couplet of metrical poems; Some of the front couplets are antithetical, similar to the neck couplets and tail couplets of rhythmic poems; Some of the couplets are antithetical sentences, similar to the couplets and necklaces of metrical poems; Some don't need confrontation, similar to the first couplet and the last couplet of metrical poems. The rhyme of a quatrain is in two or four sentences, usually a flat rhyme. If the first sentence rhymes, it is also leveling the phonetic words. There are two kinds of quatrains: five-character quatrains and seven-character quatrains, which are referred to as "five quatrains" and "seven quatrains" for short.
HanYueFu
During the Han, Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties in China in the Middle Ages, the central government always set up a special official Yuefu, which was responsible for collecting and sorting out all kinds of music and singing it through poems. These poems sung by music are called Yuefu poems, also known as Yuefu poems. Stylistically, Yuefu poems are mainly composed of five words, seven words and miscellaneous words. The sentence pattern is flexible and free, the language is natural and fluent, easy to understand, catchy and full of life breath. 2. It reflects the pain of people being displaced; 3. Criticized the decadent life of the upper class. His artistry mainly includes; 1, narrative elements account for a large proportion, and characters are shaped through narrative. Starting from Yuefu, China's narrative poems began a new era; 2. Bixing is widely used, which is not found in previous poems; 3. There are various forms, including four sentences, five sentences and miscellaneous sentences, and the language is lively. Yuefu folk songs inherit and carry forward the tradition of The Book of Songs, and their ideological content and artistry have reached a high level.
The difference between it and modern poetry lies in the flexible and free sentence patterns, wide use of metaphors, various forms and lively language, while quatrains and metrical poems pay attention to strict meter, level tone and rhyme, concise language and the creation of artistic conception.
Second,
China's classical poetry can be roughly divided into two types: modern poetry and ancient poetry.
Classical poetry: a concept relative to modern poetry. The characteristics of this kind of poems are that they don't pay attention to antithesis, and they are also relatively free in leveling and rhyming. What needs to be pointed out in particular is that classical poetry not only includes the poems before the Tang Dynasty, mainly the poems of the Han, Wei and Six Dynasties (including the ancient poems of Yuefu in the Han and Wei Dynasties, the folk songs of Yuefu in the Southern and Northern Dynasties and the poems of the literati at that time), but also includes the poems created by poets in the Tang Dynasty according to the practice of ancient poems. Among them, the ancient poems written by poets in the Tang Dynasty can be roughly divided into five ancient poems and seven ancient poems.
Modern poetry: It is characterized by paying attention to meter. According to the classification of words, it can be divided into five methods and seven methods.
Quatrains: Only four sentences are called quatrains. Judging from the number of words, it can be divided into five absolutely and seven absolutely. From the metrical point of view, it can be divided into ancient jue and legal jue.
Yuefu: Yuefu was originally the name of the official office, and later it gradually evolved into a poetic style (the process is complicated, please refer to the History of Yuefu Literature by Luo Genze and the Classification Research Series of Yuefu Poetry edited by Wu Xiangzhou). Generally speaking, our so-called Yuefu poems refer to Yuefu in the Han Dynasty, that is, poems collected, recorded and handed down by Yuefu organs in the Han Dynasty. It is characterized by singing.
Yuefu also has old Yuefu and new Yuefu.
Old Yuefu: refers to the works written by later scholars by copying the theme of the old Yuefu and imitating the Yuefu genre. Although there is no soundtrack, it is also called Yuefu poetry.
New topic Yuefu: a work that imitates Yuefu genre but is written with a new topic.
For details about poetic style, please refer to Wang Li's Ancient Chinese Volume IV General Theory (30) and China Poetics.
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Regarding the ordering of 300 Tang poems, there will be differences in different versions.
See the version of its directory roughly as follows:
Volume XV Ancient Poems: Zhang Jiuling's Feelings —— Meng Jiao's Poems of Wandering Children
Ancient Poetry Volume 27: Chen Ziang's Youzhou Tower —— Du Fu's Gu Bai Xing
Three Ancient Poems with Seven Words: Du Fu's The Swordsman at Xiao —— Li Shangyin's Han Bei.
Volume 47 Yan Yuefu: Ge Yanxing by Gao Shi —— Du Fu's Mourning for the Sun King
Volume 5-Five-character Rhyme: Lu Sacrifices Confucius' Sigh-Jiao Ran Monk's I Can't Find Lu Hongxian's Home
Volume 67: The Yellow Crane Tower in Cui Hao-Shen Quanqi's Alone.
The quatrains of the Seventh Five-Year Plan: Chai Lu by Wang Wei —— Jiangnan Qu by Li Yi
87 quatrains: He's Homecoming Book —— Du Qiuniang's Witch Hazel.
Obviously, editors are classified by poetic style, and then arranged in order of authors' age. The order of poetic style is also arranged according to the development of poetry: ancient poetry and Yuefu rank first, while metrical poems and quatrains rank last.