1450, Gutenberg, a German in Europe, invented metal movable type printing technology, so printed newspapers began to be published. 1493, the newspaper published in Rome published the news of Columbus' voyage. At that time, newspapers were only published when dramatic events happened.
1609, Germany took the lead in publishing periodicals and newspapers. Although it was a weekly newspaper, it soon spread all over Europe. The first daily newspaper in the world was published in Germany in 1650, and it didn't appear in France until 163 1, but it was published in Britain because of political events at that time. The first newspaper in the United States was the Boston Newsletter published by the postmaster of Boston in 1704 before independence. From the historical development to the bourgeois revolution in Europe, newspapers have been published in European countries one after another, and have been loved and accepted by more and more people.
From the end of 19 to the beginning of the 20th century, newspapers realized the process from "minority" to "mass" and experienced a big leap. During this period, the circulation of newspapers soared, from tens of thousands in the past to hundreds of thousands, hundreds of thousands or even millions. The scope of readers has also been expanding, from the upper level of politics and industry to the lower level. The qualitative leap produced by the accumulation of this quantity announced the arrival of an era-the era of mass communication. This "leap" marks the peak of capitalist development.
Compared with the "minority" (aristocrats) in feudal society, the newspapers and periodicals in the bourgeois revolution period have the tendency of "popularization". The industrial revolution has promoted the rapid development of social productive forces, thus making the bourgeois newspaper industry enter a new period-the period of "cheap papers" (that is, "popular newspaper") for ordinary people. During this period, because newspapers increasingly cater to the tastes of the lower class, and the price is low, the scope of readers continues to expand. However, the "popularization" in this period only took shape, and its development was very unstable, which was not the same as that of later popular newspapers.
Secondly, this leap promoted the progress of bourgeois democracy. After the emergence of popular cheap papers in the19th century, especially after the completion of the "popularization" process of newspapers at the end of the19th century, newspapers no longer accepted party subsidies and turned to free publishing and independent operation. Newspapers no longer accept any form of news censorship and enjoy more full publishing rights, interview rights and publishing rights. In content, newspapers focus on all kinds of information, provide readers with information on all kinds of affairs as much as possible, and give readers, including people from all walks of life, full freedom of speech and expression. In this process, the newspaper, as a "social tool", played the role of public opinion supervision, which enabled the principles of openness, justice and fairness advocated by bourgeois parliamentary democracy to be implemented. At the same time, through their own practice and newspapers, the principle of bourgeois freedom of speech has been supplemented and revised, making its connotation richer. This promoted the development of bourgeois democracy.
Third, it has promoted social and economic development. Newspapers in the modern sense came into being after the rapid development of capitalist economy after the industrial revolution. Since the emergence of the "mass" newspaper in the19th century, it has been operating as an enterprise, and its survival is to reduce the price, advertise and expand the distribution, thus becoming an independent economic entity that is responsible for its own profits and losses. At the turn of the century (1the end of the 9th century and the beginning of the 20th century), the capitalist competition became increasingly fierce, and the buyer's market gradually formed. In order to win in the competition, merchants use various means to promote products and expand sales. In this process, newspapers, as the carrier of public information, are increasingly favored by them. As a result, newspapers with large circulation get a lot of advertisements, which stimulate newspapers to lower prices, expand circulation and win more readers. This will attract more advertisements, and as a result, huge advertising fees will flow in and become a major income of newspapers. After the 20th century, with the further development of capitalist economy and the intensification of production and capital concentration, there are more and more advertisements in newspapers, and the proportion of advertising revenue in the total income of newspapers is also increasing. Take The New York Times, a famous American newspaper, as an example. The newspaper publishes a large number of advertisements, accounting for two-thirds of the total length of the newspaper. Of its total income, 30% comes from newspaper distribution and 70% comes from advertising. Advertising "feeds" newspapers and becomes their economic lifeline; At the same time, through advertising and selling products, newspapers in turn become the driving force of economic development. It starts consumption, balances supply and demand, promotes market prosperity, and thus promotes social and economic development.
Finally, the leap of newspaper industry promoted the industrialization of news media. After the industrial revolution, with the development of commodity economy, the commodity attribute of newspapers has become increasingly prominent, and the newspaper industry has gradually transformed from small-scale production and operation to enterprise management, and has increasingly become a profitable and lucrative capitalist industry. At the end of 19, with the transition from liberal capitalism to monopoly capitalism, the capital of newspaper industry was rapidly concentrated, and the newspaper monopoly organization "newspaper group" appeared, thus forming the pattern of media industrialization. By the end of the 20th century, these newspaper groups have developed into media industry groups with strong financial resources, multi-angle extension and transnational operation. For example, time warner Inc., the world's largest media company, has a strong vitality in the fields of newspapers, book publishing, music, movies, cable TV and so on. As early as 2000 years ago, China had similar manuscripts. It was a publication used by the government at that time to copy and distribute documents such as imperial edicts, ministers' memorials and related political situations, and it was called Di Bao. It has some characteristics of newspapers and periodicals. It can be considered as the earliest form of "government gazette". The Tang Dynasty's Entering the Courtyard, originally hidden in Dunhuang Mogao Grottoes, is the earliest known handwritten treasure in China, with a history of 1000 years.
Printed newspapers appeared in Europe around 1450. The newspaper reporting Columbus' experience in discovering the New World appeared in 1493, which was the first newspaper printed in Rome at that time. At that time, newspapers were not published every day, but only temporarily when there was new news.
1609, Thorne published Avesu Affairs once a week in Germany, which is the earliest newspaper published regularly in the world. Soon, newspapers became popular in Europe, and the sources of news reports generally depended on well-connected businessmen.
The daily newspaper was founded on 1650 and published by German Timothy Ritz. Although it has only been published for about 3 months, it is the first daily newspaper in the world.
The first newspaper in Europe was published in Norway on 1358.
1907, the British Daily Mirror published photos instead of pictures for the first time. China printed the world's first newspaper-Tianbao four years (AD 745).
The first official newspaper-Beiyang official newspaper (1902, issued by Tianjin General Administration) and the first Chinese business newspaper-Hong Kong Chinese and foreign bulletin (1858, Hong Kong).
China Business News-Hong Kong Bow Price (1857, Hong Kong)
The first Chinese newspaper published in China-Chinese and Western Examination Monthly (1833, Guangzhou).
The first English newspaper-Guangzhou Chronicle (Guangdong Chronicle) (1827, Guangzhou-English)
The first modern newspaper in China (and the first foreign language newspaper) -Bee China (1822, Macau-Portuguese).
The first modern Chinese newspaper (also the first religious newspaper)-Chase Cul Monthly (Singapore, 18 15).