Yuan Qu, we met so late
CCTV News
Original
2021-9-24 22:48 · China Central Radio and Television The official account of CCTV News
Not only did I read it last night, many people may have had a beautiful misunderstanding, that is, they mistook "Tian Jing Sha·Autumn Thoughts" by "Withered Vine, Old Tree and Faint Crow" as Poetry. In fact, this is a small order composed by Ma Zhiyuan, one of the four great masters of Yuan opera. For a long time, we have been fascinated by poetry, but little did we know that Yuan music is so simple and natural, and also extremely endearing! If Tang poetry and Song lyrics are about falling in love at first sight, then Yuan music is about meeting each other at a later date!
Introduction to Yuan Opera
“The poetry of the Tang Dynasty, the lyrics of the Song Dynasty, and the music of the Yuan Dynasty are all so-called literature of one generation, and cannot be inherited by subsequent generations.”
This part of the content is mainly written for "Yuanqu Xiaobai".
After reading it, you will have a general understanding of the common sense of Yuanqu.
In the future, you will enter and leave the paradise of Yuanqu. Don't get lost.
What is Yuan Opera? Yuan Opera, the essence of Yuan Dynasty literature, is a literary style that is three pillars of Tang poetry and Song poetry, and includes two major categories: Zaju and Sanqu. Zaju is a drama, used for stage performances. Sanqu is poetry and can only be sung a cappella. In terms of customary usage, Yuan Sanqu is often referred to as "Yuan Qu".
Authors of Yuan Opera丨The authors of Tang poetry and Song lyrics were mostly scholar-bureaucrats and were the mainstream of society, while the authors of Yuan Opera were reduced to the lowest ranks. The blows suffered by Confucian scholars in the Yuan Dynasty were unprecedentedly cruel. Scholars who are full of knowledge but have a bleak future either see through the world and are passive, or sing about reclusive feelings, or indulge in prodigal love, or satirize injustice. These types of themes are the most common in Yuan music. The four great masters of Yuan opera are Guan Hanqing, Ma Zhiyuan, Zheng Guangzu and Bai Pu.
What is Sanqu? Sanqu, to put it bluntly, is the popular folk song at that time. Sanqu is divided into two types: Xiaoling and Taoshu. Xiaoling is a short single piece of music, and a set is also called a suite of music, a large order, etc. It is composed of several pieces of the same palace tune in sequence.
Sanqu and Ci丨Wang Shizhen of the Ming Dynasty said: "The music has changed with the lyrics. Since the Jin and Yuan Dynasties came to China, the Hu music used was noisy and tense. In the rush, the lyrics could not be pressed, but changed. To flatter the new voice." Compared with poetry, music has greater flexibility in terms of what you want to say and how you say it. Yuan Qu can add lining characters, and the position and number of lining characters are relatively random. For example, "I am a copper pea", with the lining words, it becomes "I am a copper pea that cannot be steamed, boiled, beaten, fried or fried" (Guan Hanqing).
In the early stage of the development of Yuan opera, it had distinctive popular and colloquial characteristics and a wild, simple and natural sentiment. Most of the writers of Yuan opera were Guan Hanqing, Ma Zhiyuan and other northerners. In the middle period, there was a transition to literati creation and professionalization. Although Zaju creation was developing, its momentum was significantly weakened. Sanqu became the main genre. Important writers include Zheng Guangzu and others. In the late period, Sanqu writers specialized in playing music, paying attention to rhythm and rhetoric, advocating elegance, delicacy, elegance and beauty. Representative writers include Zhang Yanghao and others.
Character of Yuan Opera丨Wang Guowei said: "What is the beauty of Yuan Opera? In one word, it is natural.
"The so-called naturalness means that Yuan opera can truly express what the author sees and thinks, from which we can see the "evolution of the times"