Wen Tianxiang (June 6, 1236 - January 9, 1283) was an official and anti-Yuan hero in the late Southern Song Dynasty.
After selecting the tribute, he changed his name to Tianxiang and changed his name to Lushan. In the fourth year of Baoyou's reign (1256), he was selected as the first empress (number one scholar) by Emperor Lizong of the Song Dynasty in the palace examination. Later, he changed his name to Song Rui, and later took the name Wenshan because he lived in Wenshan. In the Song Dynasty, he was finally named Duke Xin.
After the death of the Song Dynasty, he was captured in Dadu (today's Beijing). Kublai Khan offered him the conditions of becoming an official or being executed, and hoped that Wen Tianxiang would consider it. However, Wen Tianxiang made the condition of living in seclusion in the mountains. In the end, Wen Tianxiang chose to execute him, and together with Lu Xiufu, Zhang Shijie and others, he was known as the "Three Heroes of the Late Song Dynasty". Together with Xie Fangde, Yuan Jixian and others, it is also known as the "Three Mountains on the Right Side of the River". In the seventh year of Jingtai in the Ming Dynasty, he was posthumously named Zhonglie (also known as Wenzheng).
Extended information:
When Wang Yinglin of the Song Dynasty commented on Wen Tianxiang's imperial examination papers, he praised Wen Tianxiang's loyalty and courage, and his articles revealed the style of an ancient sage, which can be used as a reference for review.
Song Shi Tuotuo commented that Wen Tianxiang regarded "benevolence" as something more important than life, and also praised the Song Dynasty for obtaining Jinshi through the imperial examination and cultivating truly benevolent and righteous people: 'Wei Lun said: Since ancient times, people with lofty ideals , Those who want to believe in righteousness in the world should not let success or failure dull their hearts.
In order to commemorate Wen Tianxiang, the Prime Minister Wen Temple was established in the place where Wen Tianxiang was imprisoned in Beijing, and later the Wen Tianxiang Memorial Hall was established. During the Zhengde period of the Ming Dynasty, the "Fangfan Pavilion" was built to commemorate Wen Tianxiang in Wupoling where he was captured.
Baidu Encyclopedia-Wen Tianxiang