Ordering wine is an entertaining drinking game at a banquet. It was first born in the drinking order, and it is a unique way for China people to add interest when drinking. Liquor order has a long history. At first, it may be to set up a "prison" to maintain order at the banquet. There was an "imperial edict" in the Han Dynasty, that is, an imperial edict was executed at the banquet to punish those who did not finish the wine in the cup. In ancient times, there was a shooting ceremony, which was called shooting a swallow at a banquet. That is, by archery, the outcome is decided. Losers drink. The ancients also had a drinking custom called throwing pots, which originated from the shooting ceremony in the Western Zhou Dynasty. A pot is set on the banquet, and the guests throw arrows into the pot in turn. Those who throw more will win, and those who lose will be punished for drinking. In the 40th episode of A Dream of Red Mansions, Yuanyang drank for an hour and said with a smile, "It's as big as a military order to order. No matter how important it is, I am the only owner. If you violate me, you will be punished. " Generally speaking, alcoholic drinks are used to punish alcohol. However, the main purpose of implementing the wine order is to enliven the atmosphere when drinking. What's more, it is common for people to sit at a banquet and not know each other. Orders act as catalysts to enliven the atmosphere at the party.
There are many ways to order wine. Literati and ordinary people naturally have different drinking orders. Literati often use poems or couplets to guess words or riddles, while ordinary people use some simple methods without making any preparations.
The most common and simplest is "the same number", which is now commonly called "guessing boxing", that is, the gestures of several fingers represent a certain number. After two people have dealt with each other, the sum will be equal to a certain number. At the same time, everyone reported a number. If the number mentioned in A is exactly the same as the sum of the added numbers, it is considered as the winner and the loser has to drink. If two people say the same number, try again regardless of the result.
Delivery of packages: This is a lively and nervous way to punish alcohol. At the banquet, the guests took their seats in turn. Drum is a place where a person plays, drums and flowers are separated to show justice. When the drums sounded, the bouquets began to pass in turn. As soon as the drum beats, if someone has the bouquet, that person must pay a fine. So the bouquet spread quickly, and everyone was afraid that it would stay in their own hands. Drummers should also have some skills, which are tight and slow, creating an unpredictable atmosphere and aggravating the tension on the field. Once the drums stop, everyone will look at the flower pickers in unison. At this time, everyone laughed in laughter and the tension disappeared. Flower catchers have to drink water. If the bouquet happens to be in the hands of two people, they can decide the loser by guessing boxing or other means. Delivery of parcels is a way suitable for all ages, but it is mostly used for female guests. This scene, for example, is vividly described in A Dream of Red Mansions. Liquor orders have a long history. At first, it may be to set up a "prison" to maintain order at the banquet. Generally speaking, alcoholic drinks are used to punish alcohol. However, the main purpose of implementing the wine order is to enliven the atmosphere when drinking. What's more, sometimes all the guests at the banquet are guests, and it is very common to not know each other. Orders are like catalysts, which suddenly enliven the atmosphere at the banquet.
Drinking orders, not only to entertain with wine, but also to drink, are often accompanied by poems, riddles and boxing, which requires drinkers to be agile, witty, literary and talented.
Therefore, the drinking order is not only the traditional expression of the ancient people's hospitality, but also the crystallization of their drinking art and wisdom.
The appearance of Liquor Order has a great relationship with the development of ancient wine culture in China. China is a country with a long history of wine-making, and the ancients in China always liked drinking. Xia Jie in the Xia Dynasty was once a "wine pool, which can be transported by boat"; Zhou Wang in the Shang Dynasty was once a "wine pool and meat forest", so that it was "a long night to drink"; Mu Wang of the Zhou Dynasty was once called "the son of wine", and they were both famous emperors who loved to drink in the history of China. By the Han Dynasty, due to national unity, economic prosperity, people's lives were stable, and drinking became more popular. At the beginning of the Western Han Dynasty, Hou Liuzhang of Zhu Xu drank alcohol by military means at a banquet. One of them got drunk, fled the banquet, and was beheaded after being recovered by Liu Zhang. In the Western Han Dynasty, Liang Xiaowang once entertained celebrities in Liangyuan, and let Mei Cheng, Luqiao, Han Anguo and others entertain him. Han Anguo didn't give a few gifts, Zou Yang was his ghost and was fined, while Mei Cheng and others were rewarded. This practice of making certain rules when drinking will be punished if it is violated. In fact, it has set a precedent for alcoholic beverages.
Liquor Order is a wonderful flower in Chinese wine culture, and it is a civilized and artistic behavior to persuade wine. Today, we can master the knowledge about wine order and apply it to drinking activities properly, which can adjust the atmosphere, increase fun, cultivate emotions, enhance intelligence and improve the civilized degree of drinking.
There are many ways to order wine. Literati and ordinary people drink differently. Literati often use poems or couplets to guess words or riddles, while ordinary people use some simple methods without making any preparations.
Liquor Order is a drinking game for fun at banquets, which was first born in the Western Zhou Dynasty and completed in the Sui and Tang Dynasties. Drinking regulations are particularly popular among literati, and poems are often written in praise. Bai Juyi said in a poem: "When you are drunk, you will end your spring worries, and when you are drunk, you will break branches for wine crumbs." Jia Kui of the later Han Dynasty also wrote a book "Liquor Order". In the Qing Dynasty, Yu Xiaopei compiled four volumes of Jiuling Congchao.
Drinking customs and ceremonies in the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period include so-called "feasting and singing poems" and "impromptu songs". The pot-throwing game transformed from shooting ceremony is actually a kind of drinkers' wager game. Between the Qin and Han Dynasties, following the legacy of the previous generation, people made couplets at dinner, which was called "impromptu singing". After a long period of use, gradually enriched, as a game, the wine order was born. The Tang and Song Dynasties was a peak of the development of China's game culture, and the liquor order also advanced by leaps and bounds. The liquor season reached another peak in the Ming and Qing Dynasties, with more varieties, which can be described as varied and dazzling. Everything in the world, people, flowers and trees, insects and birds, qupai, epigrams, poems, dramas, novels, traditional Chinese medicine, moon orders, gossip, dominoes, various customs and festivals, should be observed. In Qing Dynasty, wine lists were divided into four categories: ancient wine lists, modern wine lists, elegant wine lists, ordinary wine lists and prepared wine lists. The Grand View of Ancient and Modern Wine Orders compiled by He Cheng and others divides wine orders into seven categories: Ci Orders, Poetry Orders, Flowers, Birds, Fish and Insects Orders, Dice Orders, Boxing Orders, your legend Orders and Preparation Orders. Today, Hema compiled a grand view of China wine orders. According to its popularity, more complicated and bookish wine lists are mostly welcomed by people with rich book knowledge, which is called Yaling; Among the general public, a relatively simple wine order is popular, which is called vulgar order. Of course, this distinction is not absolute. The wine list is ever-changing, so you can improvise and choose freely. Liquor Order can be said to be a unique wine culture in China. Wine became popular among intellectuals in the Tang Dynasty. In the Tang Dynasty, countless wines appeared in poetry and prose. The Song Dynasty not only followed the custom of liquor order, but also enriched and developed the liquor order culture. Books that only record and introduce various kinds of wine orders include Collection of Wine Orders, Wine Capital Zhu Yan, Drunk Hometown Law, Guest Heart Order, Small Wine Order, Anyatang Wine Order, West Chamber Wine Order, Eight Immortals Drinking Order and so on. Liquor Order is a colorful flower in Chinese wine culture. Song Cai Kuan Fu's poem said: "People in the Tang Dynasty must take drinking as a command to help them have fun." Archaeological data excavated from the underground also prove that the Tang Dynasty was an era of drinking and having fun. For example, in 1982, the wine pieces of The Analects of Confucius and Jade Candle and 50 pieces of wine pieces were found in a silverware kiln of Tang Dynasty in Dingmao Village, Dantu, Zhenjiang, which are very precious materials of wine order in Tang Dynasty. There are many kinds of wine orders in the Tang Dynasty, including calendar order, coffin order, foresight order, nest cloud order, gesture order, banner order, word opening order, silent order, urgent password order, four-character order, fine print order, elegant order, beckoning order, dice order, pommel horse order and throwing order. These wine lists summarize what is popular in society. A large part of these wine lists are guesses. They guess poetry, things or fists. In short, it is decided by guessing something, and then rewarding or punishing the wine.
For example, Wang wrote in Tang Xianyan: "Wei Yang was ordered to stay in the town. Because he was familiar with Hu Hu, he changed his life and said,' The ship is on the water, and the wind is too strong. People under the sail must stand well. "Just answer:' The bottom of the boat on the water is broken. Look at the guests and don't rely on them.' "This is a kind of poem. After the predecessors read a drinking poem, the descendants must respond in the same format, otherwise it will be regarded as a slip of the tongue and must be fined. The alcoholic liquor order of guessing things is also called "guessing things". When playing, some small items, such as chess pieces, melon seeds, coins, dried fruits, etc. , hidden in the fist of the person who gave the order, for people to guess. There are many ways to guess, such as single and double, color, number and so on. Whoever guesses correctly wins, whoever guesses wrongly loses, and whoever loses will be fined. Spring and Autumn Period and Warring States Period: Pouring Pots
The oldest and most lasting wine sequence should be the first to throw the pot. Pan-throwing came into being before the Spring and Autumn Period and prevailed in the Warring States Period. Historical Records: Misunderstanding Biography contains the grand occasion of throwing a pot. Today, there is a lifelike pot-throwing stone sculpture in the Wollongong Chinese Painting Museum in Nanyang, Henan.
This pitcher has a wide mouth, a big belly and a slender neck. The adzuki bean inside is very smooth and elastic, so the arrow it throws often pops up. The arrow is pointed at one end, and its length is in "Fu" (about four inches in Chinese), which is divided into five, seven and nine Fu. The darker the light, the longer the distance. At the beginning of pot throwing, the conductor (wine conductor) confirmed the position of pot throwing, and then demonstrated that "the winner doesn't win the drink", that is, the winner punishes the loser for drinking, and played the music of "Beaver Head".
The reason why it has the longest history is that it has the most feudal etiquette and benevolence. In the Book of Rites, the special chapter on throwing pots is written carefully. Han Danchun, a celebrity of the Three Kingdoms, wrote the best description in the Fu of Throwing Pots: "Flowers are endless, rabbit hair and falcon hair are neither surplus nor shrinkage, and they enter the pot smoothly", which can give a glimpse of the grand occasion at that time.
Wei and Jin dynasties: flowing water
During the Wei and Jin Dynasties, literati liked to attack the ancient style, drinking and having fun all day, indulging in landscapes, being indifferent to Laozi and Zhuangzi, and roaming in calligraphy. This elegant drinkers' wager game, like "Chun Xue", is not only a means to punish wine, but also outstanding because it is punished as the participation of poetry, an elegant and elegant spiritual activity.
The so-called "flowing water" is to choose an elegant and secluded place, where the literati sit by the water side of the winding waves in sequence, and one person puts a full glass of wine upstream to let it go down the river. Stop the glass in front of someone, take it and drink it, then get drunk or whisper or assist, and write a poem. The most famous is the Lanting Restoration Conference held by Emperor Jinyong on March 3rd, 1993. Wang Xizhi, a great calligrapher, and 465,438+0 celebrities of the Dynasty sent off their feelings in Lanting in Huiji Mountain, and their poems were included in a collection. After Wang Xizhi was drunk, he stayed away from the dragon and snake and wrote the preface to the collection of Lanting, a famous piece throughout the ages. Of course, among the Han people, some people simplify this to just drinking and not writing poems.
In the Northern and Southern Dynasties, in addition to the "flowing water" wine sequence, Fu poetry also evolved. This kind of wine sequence is very popular with literati. It has become a common practice for southern literati to recite poems at banquets, and those who are late will be punished.
Tang dynasty: Tibetan hook and shooting cover
In the Tang dynasty, "people in the Tang dynasty must drink to be happy." There is a saying in "The Sound of Songs": "Tang Huangfusong gesticulates for drinking, and the joints of the five fingers are famous, and the five fingers are called the five peaks, so that we can know that the fire boxing drama has a long history." Bai Juyi said in a poem: "When you are drunk, you will end your spring worries, and when you are drunk, you will break branches for wine crumbs." "Biography of Liang Shu Guiwang" records: "When King Xiangdong was silent, he gave a banquet with Korean soil, which was regarded as a wine order." Ouyang Xiu's Preface to Drunk Pavilion: "Those who raise their seats and make noise are all happy."
When performed in the Tang Dynasty, Jiu Lingmin formed a colorful form. At that time, "hidden hook" and "shooting cover" were popular. "Hide the hook" is also called "send the hook", which is simple and easy to do. That is, Party A will "hook" or hide it in his hand or hide it outside his hand, and hold it in a fist shape for Party B to guess and guess the wrong wine. It's like "guessing"
"Shegai" is the first team, also known as "Fencao", so that one party can secretly cover things under the utensils and let the other party guess. Shooting is guessing or measuring, and Li Shangyin, a poet in the Tang Dynasty, is good at it. He wrote in his poem: "When it warms me through the wine of spring, I will remind you how to bet, where we roll dice in groups under the crimson lamp."
Ming and Qing Dynasties: Distorted Wine Order
The popular drinking order in Ming and Qing dynasties should be "twisted wine order", that is, tumbler. Twist it first, and then stop. Whoever looks at the tumbler's face will be punished for drinking, which is called "drinking doll" in Cantonese.
For this reason, Mr. Yu Pingbo called it a "dental tablet" by quoting "Yiqiao Lu". It's a kind of clay tire, a specialty of Suzhou, which is usually used for painting. It's funny and fun. In the sixty-seven chapters of A Dream of Red Mansions, Xue Pan gave such a vivid drinkers' wager game as a gift to Aunt Xue and Baochai.
Since the Qing dynasty, the varieties of wine have become more and more colorful, such as throwing pots to guess films, linking poems and sentences, testing words, or guessing boxing orders. After some "games", the loser or disobedient must finally "drink a big glass".
According to the form, wine list can be divided into elegant list, general list and prepared list. Elegant order refers to the literati's wine order, which can be divided into ci order, poem order, ci order and flower and bird order according to its content. The former requires both pictograms and resolution. There are many changes in the physical structure, such as making words and sentences, conveying meaning, puns, double rhymes or thimbles ... It's really varied and interesting. The latter needs agility and wisdom, quick heart, quick eyes, quick hands and quick lips.
The elegant wine order with the poet's "quiz" as its content is so quaint that ordinary people can't do it, so another kind of wine order came into being that almost anyone can do it without bother. This popular wine list is called the "master list". With the luck of playing wine with dice, of course, you don't have to think about it. It's just that this confrontation between the two armies seems a bit too strong. Passing a package is a more elegant form of general command.
Orders, general orders and preparation orders can be carried out separately or in combination. According to the historical records, the wine order is not customized, and the banquet can be played according to the seating situation. If the wine list is skillfully made, it will naturally emerge one after another.