Shenzhen Mangrove Nature Reserve, located in Shenzhen Bay, is the smallest national nature reserve in China. It is a marine woody plant community dominated by mangrove plants, named after the reddish trunk. The natural plants here are rare trees such as sea paint, Bruguiera gymnorrhiza and Kandelia candel. It is a green corridor in Shenzhen, backed by the beautiful and broad Binhai Avenue, integrated with the Binhai Ecological Park and facing the rippling Shenzhen Bay. It is not only a paradise for birds to inhabit and play, but also a kingdom of plants, and it is also a good place for people to hike, watch birds, watch the sea and experience natural customs! ? The mangroves in Shenzhen are well known. Now, tourists from home and abroad who come to Shenzhen will go to the seaside ecological park to see the spectacular sight of mangrove forests and tens of thousands of waterfowl wintering here. Mangroves and Mai Po Nature Reserve in Hong Kong are separated by water, and * * * has become an international wetland ecosystem in Shenzhen Bay and the most distinctive landscape on the Shenzhen-Hong Kong border.
Shenzhen Mangrove Seaside Park is a national bird protection area, and it is the habitat and stopover point of migratory birds in the Old Hemisphere. According to statistics, there are 80 species of birds/kloc-0 at the peak of mangrove forest, among which more than 20 species are rare species protected at home and abroad. The nature reserve is flat and open, with a variety of natural landscapes such as swamps, shallow water and trees. Here, you can enjoy the natural beauty of the sunset. There are thousands of birds, calm water and sky in Qi Fei. Every year, about 400,000 nearly 200 species of migratory birds come to the mangrove reserve for wintering, mainly egrets, seagulls, geese and ducks, including 55 species of national key protected birds such as storks, egrets and mergansers. Of course, there are also many birds that live in mangroves all the year round. We call them resident birds. In this mangrove wetland, there is another endangered bird, the black-faced spoonbill, whose number reached a record 3 1 1 last year. ? Every autumn, the extremely endangered bird, the black-faced spoonbill, flies to Shenzhen Bay. At this time, many birdwatchers and citizens have come to the mangrove coastal ecological park on the Shenzhen Bay to set up "long guns and short guns" to compete for style. Looking at mangroves and birds flying and fish flying has become a warm picture of Shenzhen people living in harmony with nature.
Shenzhen Mangrove Forest is a nature reserve. Bicycles and pets are forbidden to enter all day. Catch fish and shrimp in the sea, fly kites and play lanterns.
Writing Prose on Mangroves in Shenzhen (2)
Overview of Futian mangrove forest in Shenzhen;
Shenzhen Futian Mangrove Bird Nature Reserve is a part of Guangdong Neilingding Futian National Nature Reserve and the only nature reserve in China. The nature reserve was founded in April 1984, and was upgraded to a national nature reserve in May 1988. The dense mangrove forest starts from Xinzhou estuary in the east and reaches Shenzhen mangrove coastal ecological park in the west, with a curve length of about 9km. In the north of the mangrove forest, there are fish ponds, reeds and swamps around the base, and in the south, there are vast coastal beaches. Together, the three constitute the Futian mangrove wetland ecosystem, with a total area of about 368 hectares, which is one of the important wetlands in China. Futian mangrove forest is known as the "green treasure" of Shenzhen. Flora of Futian mangrove;
Futian mangrove wetland is rich in biodiversity, with 0/89 species of birds/kloc, among which 23 species of birds, such as curly pelican, black-faced spoonbill, green-footed snipe, black-billed gull, white-shouldered vulture and brown-winged cuckoo, are rare and endangered, and more than 654.38 million migratory birds inhabit here every year. There are 67 species of higher plants in Futian mangrove wetland, including 22 mangrove plants belonging to 13 family, mainly including Kandelia candel, Bruguiera gymnorrhiza, Erythrina, Avicennia marina and Sonneratia. There are two main types of mangroves: Sonneratia apetala, Aegiceras corniculata, Kandelia candel, Bruguiera gymnorrhiza, Lacquer and Avicennia marina. Semi-mangrove plants: silver tree, mouse music. There are quite rich benthic organisms, such as fish, shrimp, crab, shellfish, snails, nereis and so on. In addition, there are a wide variety of plants and animals such as algae, insects, amphibians and reptiles.
Problems faced by Futian mangrove ecology;
The mangroves in China have suffered such serious damage due to reclamation and logging. Except for a few mangrove destruction incidents that were destroyed by people's reclamation and farming activities due to lax management, they are still being destroyed. This can not be simply explained by poor environmental awareness, insufficient understanding of the importance of mangrove ecosystem, or weak legal concept. But there are deeper reasons-quick success and instant benefit, driven by economic interests.
Mangrove protection countermeasures:
At present, China has established seven mangrove nature reserves above the provincial level, accounting for about half of the total mangrove area in China, and established Guangxi Mangrove Research Center, which is the first relatively complete mangrove protection, scientific research and management system established in China. Improve laws and regulations to prohibit deforestation, pond digging, dike building, sand mining, soil borrowing and other acts of destroying mangroves in mangrove distribution areas; Strengthen environmental publicity and education, widely publicize the importance of protecting mangrove wetlands by using media at all levels, let the public know the value and benefits of mangroves, and raise awareness of protection; Increase investment in mangrove scientific research and actively carry out mangrove wetland research; Strengthen the control of industrial pollution and domestic garbage; On the basis of protecting the existing mangrove resources, accelerate the popularization and afforestation of arbor mangroves; Strengthen cooperation at home and abroad, absorb advanced experience at home and abroad, and better promote the protection and development of mangrove forests.
Ecological value of mangroves;
Mangroves transform through the food chain in the form of litter, which provides a good environment for the growth and development of marine animals. At the same time, due to the development of tidal gullies in mangrove areas, animals in deep water areas are attracted to the mangrove areas for foraging, habitat, production and reproduction. Mangroves grow in subtropical and temperate zones and are rich in bird food resources. Therefore, mangrove area is the wintering ground and migration transit point for migratory birds, and it is also the place where all kinds of seabirds feed, inhabit, produce and breed.
An important ecological value of mangrove is that it has the functions of preventing wind and waves, promoting siltation and protecting beaches, strengthening dikes and protecting dikes, and purifying seawater and air. The intertwined developed roots can effectively intercept the incoming sand from the land and reduce the sediment concentration in the coastal waters; Thick and tall branches are like a green Great Wall, which can effectively resist the attack of wind and waves.
Another important ecological value of mangroves mainly includes promoting the sedimentation of suspended solids in water, using its abundant benthic organisms to adsorb and degrade organic matter, and using its plants and sediments to enrich and absorb heavy metals and nutrients, thus reducing the eutrophication of seawater and preventing the occurrence of red tides. In promoting siltation and reclamation, mangroves form hedgerows on the beach, which can block water flow and promote sediment deposition, while dense column roots accelerate sediment deposition. With the development of mangrove community to the outer edge, the land area gradually expands; In terms of atmospheric environment, mangroves can absorb carbon dioxide and release oxygen through photosynthesis, which is of great significance for improving the microclimate in coastal areas and alleviating global warming.
Real mangroves: Sonneratia apetala, Paulownia, Kandelia candel, Bruguiera gymnorrhiza, Rhus verniciflua and Avicennia marina? Semi-mangrove: silver tree, mouse music