Cao Pi was an outstanding poet in China during the Three Kingdoms period. Ge Yanxing is the earliest extant seven-character poem of literati in China. His five-character Yuefu is beautiful and moving, with about 40 existing poems.
Cao Pi's poems are diverse, with five or seven words as long, popular language and folk song spirit. The technique is euphemistic and meticulous, and he is an expert in describing the love between men and women and the theme of wandering women.
Ge Yanxing was written during Cao Cao's northern expedition to Wuhuan County in the 12th year of Jian 'an, which was the highest achievement of Cao Pi's poetry. It is written in the form of seven-character rhyme, and it is the earliest and most complete seven-character rhyme in existence.
From the perspective of "thinking about women", Ge Yanxing reflects the present situation of war and displacement in the late Eastern Han Dynasty, and expresses the inner resentment and melancholy of men and women who were forced to separate.
The words used in the whole poem are unpretentious, the syllables are graceful and graceful, and the feelings are flowing, which is praised by Wang Fuzhi as "dumping feelings, tilting degrees, tilting colors and tilting sounds, and there is no difference between ancient and modern times". Some of Cao Pi's works praised by later generations were written to Wang Wei during his tenure as a corps commander of the five senses. His poems are delicate, clear and touching.
Scholar Ye Jiaying listed Zhong Rong's poems, Liu Xie's Wen Xin Diao Long, Wang Fuzhi's Jiang Zhai Shi Hua and Ye Jiaying's Poems of the Han, Wei and Six Dynasties as Cao Pi's comments.
In the Book of Songs, Cao Pi ranks in the middle reaches, thinking that his poems are not as good as his younger brother Cao Zhi's, because Cao Pi's poems are "as straight as an occasional remark" (that is, two ordinary people are talking), while Cao Zhi's "character is extremely high, and he adopts Chinese words.
Feelings are elegant and resentful, and the style of literature and art is outstanding. "Wen Xin Diao Long" (omitted) said that Cao Pi "Wei Wen is talented and always talks about restraining it, aiming to plant a thousand miles ... Huan Zi is careful and slow, and does not compete with the first voice";
Different from Cao Zhi's "cleverness and talent", he also said that "vulgar feelings are suppressed, and the similarities are loud, and the Emperor Wen respects his position and lowers his talents, thinking that you are embarrassed by his position and are not convinced". The world sympathizes with Cao Zhi's situation. Cao Pi is the winner of the brothers' struggle for power, so people ignore the beauty of his article.
In the late Ming and early Qing Dynasties, Wang Fuzhi bluntly said in Jiang Zhai Shi Hua: "In fact, Huan Zi is a genius, but can Zi Jian be at a loss?" It can be described as the declaration of "rehabilitation" of Cao Pi's literary achievements. Ye Jiaying said that Cao Pi was a "rational poet", gentle and introspective, and "winning with emotion".
Cao zhi
The creation is divided into two periods in 220 years (twenty-five years of Jian 'an). His early poems mainly praised his ideals and ambitions, filled with optimism and romance, and full of confidence in the future; Later poems mainly express the grief and indignation caused by the contradiction between ideal and reality.
His poems not only embody the elegance of The Book of Songs, but also contain the profound and strange interest of The Songs of the South. It not only inherits the realistic brushwork of the Han Yuefu, but also retains the sentimental sentiment of nineteen ancient poems.
Cao Zhi's poetry has its own distinctive and unique style, which has completed the transformation from Yuefu folk songs to literati poems.
Cao Zhi's works were collected by Cao Zijian. Cao Zijian's anthology *** 10 contains Cao Zhi's poems and essays. Among them, there are more than 80 poems, more than half of which are Yuefu poems.
Representative works include Seven Wounded Poems, White Horse Sketch, White Horse Wang Biao, Wan Li Guest at the Door, etc. Among them, Ode to Luoshen describes the beauty of Luochuan goddess, which is a wonderful flower in the literary garden.
Extended data:
Other literary achievements:
1, Cao Pifu
Among the 28 poems written by Cao Pi, 16 are orderly. From the overall content, it is mainly lyrical and chanting things, while the system has turned the great prose of Han Dynasty into short and pithy street prose.
The content of his poems touches all aspects of social reality with the brush strokes of true feelings, and brings individual joys and sorrows into ordinary poems.
Life documentary: In Jian 'an period, Ci began to be short and market-oriented, and its style changed obviously. The layout scene closely links with real life, reflects social reality and records the author's personal experience.
There are many contents in Cao Pi's fu works that express the aspirations of the times and the pursuit and feelings of individuality. Cao Pi's School Hunting Fu is a very complete fu. Cao Pi did not use many pens, but he used 300 words to describe the grand occasion of a wild hunting. ?
Writing about feelings: Cao Pi writes for feelings, and his poems are full of emotions, which can be described as emotional essays. Looking at widow's fu and woman's fu from different angles of expressing emotions can better express the author's compassion and sympathy for the lower class women.
Cao Pishan writes women's works, including Widow's Poetry, which is consistent with his poems.
The author combines the realistic portrayal of the widow's lonely life with the feelings of the changes of scenery in the four seasons of the same year, and the scene sets off the widow's infinite melancholy and sadness. Cao Pi's delicate and tactful brushwork always touches the widow's helpless sigh filled with sadness, and her sympathy is vividly on the paper. ?
Understanding: Cao Cao took Cao Pi, Cao Zhi and others to visit Tongquetai, during which he ordered Cao Pi's younger brother to write a short article on the same topic, so his younger brother Cao Zhi also wrote a short article on the same topic. Cao Pi's "Ode to the Stage" is a magnificent little ode to the bronze sparrow terrace. This brushwork of Fu is fresh and delicate, and "the scenery is like a carved painting" ("Wen Xin Diao Long Cha Fu").
Judging from the emotional color reflected in Fu, it is full of nostalgia and joy for the beautiful times. The author described the beautiful scenery he saw in the spring of March with bright colors and cheerful rhythm, and integrated the happy mood with the vibrant scenery of nature at this time, revealing Cao Pi's inner desire for a quiet and peaceful life and his young and enterprising feelings.
Cao Pi's poetic brushwork has influenced the style of his fu, which is a characteristic of his fu and has obvious symbolic significance.
2. Cao Zhi's painting theory
Cao Zhi wrote Preface to Painting Praise, which is the first painting monograph handed down from generation to generation in the history of China's painting theory. It can be compared with Preface to Mao Poetry in Han Dynasty.
Preface to Mao's Poems is the first article devoted to poetry in the history of China, which discusses the ethical education function of poetry. The preface to painting praise advocates the "educational" role of painting. This is of course Confucianism. However, it is very important for Cao Zhi to clarify the social value and significance of painting art and affirm the status of painting art.
Cao Zhi clearly pointed out that painting can "play a warning role". Moreover, this kind of "warning" is not carried out with graphics, but is caused by the emotional voice of the viewer through the artistic image of painting.
He talked about the emotional reactions caused by painting, such as "looking up", "lamenting", "gnashing your teeth", "forgetting to eat", "resisting your head", "sighing" and staring at others. This is the first time in China's painting history that different portraits have caused different rich and varied emotional reactions and come into contact with the characteristics of painting art.
It is consistent with the first sentence of Cao Pi in Dian Lun Wen that the article should have the temperament of the author. Theoretically speaking, both of them can be said to be pioneers of the era of literary consciousness.
Baidu Encyclopedia-Cao Pi
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