Question 2: What's the difference between Yuefu and ancient poetry?
Ancient poetry is divided into two categories, one is ancient poetry, the other is modern poetry, including metrical poems and quatrains.
Quatrain
China's poetic style, also called punctuation, punctuation and poem ending, is usually composed of five words and seven words. It originated from the ballads of the Han, Wei, Southern and Northern Dynasties. After the Tang dynasty, modern poetry prevailed, and the meter was the same as the first, last or middle four of eight metrical poems. Therefore, some people in the Tang Dynasty classified quatrains as metrical poems. Later,
Lvshi
One of China's modern poems, with strict meter, originated in the Southern Dynasties. Metric poetry requires the unity of the number of words in the poem, and each poem is five-character, six-character and seven-character sentences, which are referred to as five-character, six-character and seven-character sentences for short. Among them, six-character poems are rare. The usual metrical poems stipulate eight sentences each. If there are only six sentences, it is called fine-print poem or three-rhyme poem. If it is more than eight sentences, that is, more than 10 sentences, it is called exclusive law or long law. Usually an eight-sentence poem is completed, and every two sentences become couplets, which is called quadruple. Traditionally, the first couplet is called question couplet, the second couplet is called parallel couplet, the third couplet is called neck couplet, and the fourth couplet is called conclusion sentence. Each poem has two or three couplets (that is, a antithetical sentence). The second, fourth, sixth and eighth sentences rhyme. The first sentence can be put on or off, and every sentence in the metrical poem is even. The parallel sentences in the upper and lower sentences are opposite, and there are two kinds of "parallel sentences". In addition, the metrical requirements of metrical poems also apply to quatrains.
In a word, the difference is that quatrains are four sentences and metrical poems are eight.
Poetry in ancient style
Classical poetry, also known as ancient poetry and ancient style, has four characters, five characters, six characters, seven characters and miscellaneous characters. Later generations used five words and seven words. Five characters are abbreviated as "five characters" and seven characters are abbreviated as "seven characters". Classical poetry does not limit the number of sentences, does not require antithesis, and does not talk much about even words, so its rhyme is relatively free.
"Modern Style" Poetry
Compared with classical poetry, modern poetry came into being later, originated in the Southern Dynasties and matured in the early Tang Dynasty. Among them, metrical poems are fixed in form and rigorous in meter, with eight sentences each. A single sentence is called a sentence, and two sentences are called a couplet. One or two sentences are called couplets, three or four are called couplets, five or six are called couplets, and seven or eight are called couplets. More than ten sentences are called parallelism. Among them, quatrains are also called quatrains and truncated sentences. It seems that half of the metrical poems are intercepted, each with four sentences. Judging from its specifications, some of them are antithetical, similar to the first couplet and parallel couplet of metrical poems; Some of the front couplets are antithetical, similar to the neck couplets and tail couplets of rhythmic poems; Some of the couplets are antithetical sentences, similar to the couplets and necklaces of metrical poems; Some don't need confrontation, similar to the first couplet and the last couplet of metrical poems. The rhyme of a quatrain is in two or four sentences, usually a flat rhyme. If the first sentence rhymes, it is also leveling the phonetic words. There are two kinds of quatrains: five-character quatrains and seven-character quatrains, which are referred to as "five quatrains" and "seven quatrains" for short.
HanYueFu
During the Han, Wei, Jin and Southern Dynasties in China in the Middle Ages, the Central General Assembly set up a special official Yuefu to manage music and songs, and was responsible for collecting and sorting out all kinds of music and singing with poems. These poems sung by music are called Yuefu poems, also known as Yuefu poems. Stylistically, Yuefu poems are mainly composed of five words, seven words and miscellaneous words. Sentence patterns are relatively flexible and free, and the language is natural and fluent, easy to understand and catchy. 2. It reflects the pain of people being displaced; 3. Criticized the decadent life of the upper class. His artistry mainly includes; 1, narrative elements account for a large proportion, and characters are shaped through narrative. Starting from Yuefu, China's narrative poems began a new era; 2. Bixing is widely used, which is not found in previous poems; 3. There are various forms, including four sentences, five sentences and miscellaneous sentences, and the language is lively. Yuefu folk songs inherit and carry forward the tradition of The Book of Songs, and their ideological content and artistry have reached a high level.
The difference between it and modern poetry lies in the flexible and free sentence patterns, wide use of metaphors, various forms and lively language, while quatrains and metrical poems pay attention to strict meter, level tone and rhyme, concise language and the creation of artistic conception.
Second,
China's classical poetry can be roughly divided into two types: modern poetry and ancient poetry.
Classical poetry: a concept relative to modern poetry. The characteristics of this kind of poems are that they don't pay attention to antithesis and are relatively dull ... >>
Question 3: What's the difference between seven-character rhythmic poetry and seven-character Yuefu? Seven-character rhyme is a kind of rhyme. Rhyme is a kind of China's modern poetry, which is named after its rigorous meter. Originated in the Southern and Northern Dynasties, developed in the early Tang Dynasty and matured in the prosperous Tang Dynasty. Eight sentences, seven words each, * * * 56 words. Generally speaking, every sentence is rhymed (the first sentence can be bet or not), and the rhyme remains unchanged at the end.
Seven-character songs originated from ancient Yuefu and Ge Yanxing written by Wei Wendi Cao Pi, which flourished in the Tang Dynasty. It is a special style, and words such as "Song" and "Xing" often appear in poetry titles. It is a poetic genre that can be sung with music. The number of general sentences is uncertain, and the number of words in each sentence is not fixed. Can be mixed with three or five sentences, but mainly seven words.
Question 4: What are ancient poems? What is Chu Ci? The original meaning of "ancient poetry" is a poem written by ancient literati. Before and after Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties, there appeared a number of five-character poems written by scholars before Wei and Jin, which had no title and no author. Most of them are lyric poems with unique expressive techniques and artistic styles, which are collectively called "ancient poems". Shen Deqian in Qing Dynasty said, "Nineteen ancient poems are not the words of one person. I abandoned my wife at a high rate, my friends were rich, I wandered abroad, and I felt a sense of death and new things. Or fable, or express, or repeat. There is no whimsy at the beginning, and every sentence is thrilling. The ancient poems of Xijing are all under it. " During the Jin and Song Dynasties, these "archaic poems" were regarded as models of five-character poems. Lu Ji once imitated 12 sentence by sentence. Tao Yuanming in the Eastern Jin Dynasty and Bao Zhao in the Song Dynasty. There are "quasi-classical poems" that study the skills and styles of "classical poems". In the Liang Dynasty, Liu Xie's Wen Xin Diao Long and Zhong Rong's Shi Pin theoretically summarized and evaluated the artistic characteristics and value of "ancient poetry", and discussed its author, era and origin, which were generally recognized as works of the Han Dynasty. At the same time, Xiao Tong's Selected Works and Chen's Xu Ling Yutai's New Poetry define the scope of "ancient poetry" from the classification of poetry: all works without clear titles are called "miscellaneous poetry" by the author and "ancient poetry" by anonymous people. Therefore, after Liang and Chen, "ancient poetry" has formed a special name with a specific meaning. It is the same as the two Han Yuefu songs, referring to the five-character poem written by Wu Ming in the Han Dynasty, which has developed into a poetic style with the artistic characteristics of "ancient poetry". Nineteen Ancient Poems occupies a representative position in the history of literature, and this title has also become a topic name.
[Edit this paragraph] Ancient poetry style, also known as ancient style.
As the saying goes: Tang Poetry and Song Poetry Yuan Qu.
The ancient poetic style before the Tang Dynasty is a poetic style that does not pay attention to meter and has no limitation on the number of words and sentences. After the Tang Dynasty, due to the appearance of modern poetry, poets deliberately imitated the writing style of ancient poetry in the Han, Wei and Six Dynasties in order to distinguish ancient poetry from new metrical poetry, and restricted it in some aspects, thus forming a fixed pattern of ancient poetry in the Tang Dynasty. As a result, the completely free poetic style before the Tang Dynasty was changed into a semi-free poem between metrical poetry and free poetry.
The number of words and lines in classical poetry;
Classical poetry has no fixed verse and style. All ancient poems are classified according to the number of words in the poem. Four-character ancient poems are referred to as four-character ancient poems for short; Five-character ancient poems are referred to as five-character ancient poems for short; Seven-character ancient poems are referred to as seven-character ancient poems for short. Four-character poems were adopted by people as early as the Book of Songs. But it gradually declined in the Tang Dynasty, and few people wrote it. Therefore, ancient poetry is still expressed in five words and seven words.
Five-character ancient poetry is the orthodoxy of ancient poetry, and many people write it.
Seven-character ancient poetry is not the mainstream of classical poetry, because it originated late. Therefore, the seven-character style is greatly influenced by the seven-character modern poetry.
Five-character ancient poems and seven-character ancient poems are both ancient poems with neat words. There is also a kind of ancient poetry with mixed words, and the length between the lines is different and uneven.
[Edit this paragraph] Common sense of ancient poetry
1. Rhyming: rhyming words at the end of a verse sentence, such as Li Bai's Thoughts on a Quiet Night, are there already frosts at the foot of my bed? Looking up, I found that it was moonlight and sank again, and I suddenly remembered home. The land of light and frost is rhyme. Usually the third sentence doesn't rhyme, but there are also poems with irregular rhymes (such as looking at Tianmen Mountain).
2. Rhyme: Poetry rhymes to make the tone harmonious and beautiful. For example, Li Bai's "Silent Night Thinking" uses rhyme.
3. The structure of metrical poems: * * eight sentences, with one or two sentences as the head couplet, three or four sentences as the parallel couplet, five or six sentences as the neck couplet and seven or eight sentences as the tail couplet.
4. The rhythm and rhythm of ancient poetry:
Judging from the sentence pattern, the four words of ancient poetry are generally two and two; Five words are two, two and one; These seven characters are two, two, two, one,
In a sense, sometimes there are special circumstances due to ideographic needs, such as: Shila | Wuyue | Gai | Chicheng, which becomes Type II, II, I and II.
Because there are no punctuation marks in ancient poems (punctuation marks were added by later generations), one line is one sentence.
[Edit this paragraph] Two poetic sentences in middle school textbooks
On the Style of Ancient Poetry —— Also on the Two Poetic Styles in Middle School Textbooks
There are many styles of ancient poems in China, and there are different views on the classification and appellation of ancient poems. Especially for Yuefu, ancient style and ballad poetry, it is even more confusing. Because, from the formal point of view, Yuefu style and ancient style are both five-character styles, and seven-character ancient poems and ancient songs are all seven-character styles, so it is difficult to distinguish them. But since ancient times, people have unanimously recognized their differences in content, technique and style, and established their names.
In the second topic "Discussion and Practice" of Five Poems for Grade Eight published by People's Education Press, it is said that "The hut was broken by autumn wind" and "A song of Bai Xuege's farewell to the field-Secretary Wu's return home" are both poems with free form and language ...
Question 5: Why is Shu Dao Nan a Seven-character Yuefu? It means that the poem is mainly composed of seven words, and this poem belongs to a seven-word song in genre. Seven-character oratorio is the freest form of poetry in May 7th Poetry. Mainly composed of seven words, you can use sentences with uneven length, and the length can be more than nine words.