"Returning with Ci" is a prose by Tao Yuanming, a famous poet in the Eastern Jin Dynasty. The full text describes the author's situation on the way back to his hometown and after arriving home, and envisions his future life in seclusion, thus expressing the author's feelings about the future. At that time, there was a dislike of officialdom and a yearning for rural life. On the other hand, it also reveals the poet's negative thought of "happy to fate". This work represents the highest achievement of the landscape pastoral school. The following is the original text and translation of Tao Yuanming's "Return and Come Back" that I carefully compiled for everyone. You are welcome to refer to it!
Come back, the original text
Go back, the countryside will not return Wuhu! Since the eyes and the heart are the servants of the body, are you ridiculed and melancholy and only sad? If you understand the past, you should not remonstrate, but if you know what is coming, you can pursue it. In fact, the lost path is not far away. I feel that what is now is but yesterday was not. The boat is sailing far away, the wind is blowing and the clothes are blowing. I asked Zheng Husband about the way forward, and I hated the faintness of the morning light.
Nai looked at the house and ran with joy. The servant boy welcomes you, and the child waits for the door. The three paths are deserted, but the pines and chrysanthemums still remain. When I brought my child into the house, there was a bottle full of wine. Use the cup to drink for yourself, look at the courtyard to enjoy your beauty. Leaning against the south window to express your pride, it is easy to rest your knees when looking at your appearance. The garden is filled with sunlight to make it interesting. Although the gate is set up, it is always closed. The old man is encouraged to rest, his head straightened, and he looks far away. The clouds have no intention to come out of Xiu, and the birds know when they are tired of flying. The scenery is blurry and the scenery is about to enter, caressing the lonely pine and wandering around.
Come back and come back, please pay attention and never travel again. The world is against my will, how can I ask for my words again? Love words to please relatives, music on the piano and writing to soothe worries. The peasants told me that spring was coming and that there would be something going on in Xichou. Or a life-carrying carriage, or a solitary boat. It is both graceful and graceful to find ravines, and also rugged to pass through Qiu. The trees are flourishing and the springs are beginning to trickle. When I get all the good things, I feel grateful for the rest of my life.
That’s it! How long will it take for Yu Xingyu to recover? Are you willing to stay or leave as you please? Why not, what else do you want to do? Wealth and honor are not my wish, and an imperial homeland cannot be expected. If you have a good time, you can go alone, or plant a stick and work hard. Climb Donggao to soothe the whistle, and compose poems near the clear stream. Talking about the multiplication and returning to the end, happy heaven and destiny return to ridicule doubt!
Return to Lai Xi Ci·Translation
Go back, the countryside is going to be deserted, why don’t you go back! Since you think your mind is controlled by your body, why do you feel melancholy and sad alone? Realize that past mistakes are irreversible, and know that things in the future can still be undone. In fact, we have not gone astray too far. We have already realized that today is "yes" and yesterday was "no". The boat floated forward briskly, and the breeze gently blew the clothes. Asking pedestrians about the road ahead, I hate that the morning light is still so weak and blurry.
When I saw the shabby houses in my hometown, I was so happy that I ran forward. The servants came to greet him happily, and the children waited at the door. Although the courtyard paths will be deserted, the pines and chrysanthemums in the garden are still there. I took the child and walked into the inner room. There were wine bottles filled with wine. I took the jug and glass and drank by myself. Looking at the branches in the courtyard really made me smile. Leaning against the south window, I expressed my proud feelings, and felt that living in a humble room would make me feel at ease. Walking in the garden every day is a pleasure of its own. Although there is a garden gate, it is often closed. Holding a cane, strolling or resting leisurely anywhere, raise your head and look into the distance from time to time. Clouds and smoke drift naturally from the cave, and birds know how to return when they are tired of flying. As the daylight faded and the sun was about to set, I lingered stroking the lonely pine.
Go back, I want to cut off contact with outsiders. Since the secular world is contrary to my obedience, what else can I ask for when traveling by car? Confidential words among relatives can make people feel happy, and playing the piano and reading can relieve boredom and sorrow. The farmers told me that spring has come and I will go to the west to cultivate the fields. Some people drove tarpaulin cars, and some people paddled small boats. Sometimes you enter the valley along the meandering stream, and sometimes you follow the rugged path through the hills. The trees grew prosperously and the springs began to flow. I envy the good times and lament that my life is coming to an end.
Forget it! How long do you have to live between heaven and earth? Why not relax and let life and death pass? Why worry about where you want to go? Seeking wealth and honor is not my wish, and looking for fairyland is not my hope. I just hope for good weather and I go out alone, or stick my walking stick on the edge of the field to remove weeds and cultivate seedlings. Climb the high hill to the east and roar loudly, reciting poems facing the clear flowing water. As nature changes towards the end of life, there is nothing left to doubt about Lotte and Anming!
Appreciation:
In the first year of Emperor Yixi of Jin'an (405), Tao Yuanming abandoned his official position and returned to his fields, and wrote "Returning to Come". This lyrical poem not only marks the turning point in Yuanming's life, but also represents the pinnacle of creation that expresses the consciousness of retreat in the history of Chinese literature.
The full text describes the author's situation on the way back to his hometown and after arriving home, and imagines his future life in seclusion, thereby expressing the author's disgust for the officialdom at that time and his yearning for rural life. On the other hand, it also reveals the poet's negative thought of "happy to fate".
Yuanming began to offer wine to the state in the 18th year of Taiyuan (393) of Emperor Xiaowu of Jin Dynasty, and then served as Peng Zeling in the first year of Yixi. During these 13 years, he served as an official several times and went into seclusion several times. Yuanming had political ambitions, but the political society at that time was extremely dark. In the second year of Emperor Yuanxing's reign (403), the warlord Huan Xuan usurped the Jin Dynasty and called himself Emperor Chu. In the third year of Yuanxing, another warlord, Liu Yu, raised troops to attack Huan and invaded Jiankang (now Nanjing, Jiangsu), the capital of the Eastern Jin Dynasty. By the first year of Yixi, Liu Yu completely controlled the military and political power of the Eastern Jin Dynasty. At this time, it was only fifteen years since Huanxuan usurped the Jin Dynasty. Along with these usurpations came countless massacres of dissidents and unjust wars.
Yuanming loved freedom by nature, but the officialdom at that time was extremely decadent, flattering superiors and arrogant subordinates, doing random things, and losing all shame. An upright scholar had no place in the political society at that time, let alone realizing his ideals and ambitions. After thirteen years of twists and turns, Yuanming finally fully understood this. The fundamental opposition between Yuanming's character and political society destined him to make his final decision - to retire into seclusion.
It is an excellent essay with an orderly ending. The first half of the chapter, from "My family is poor" to "So I asked for it", briefly describes his tortuous experience of becoming an official because of his family poverty. Among them, "Friends and relatives often persuaded me to become a senior official, and I was very happy", and "Peng Ze went home hundreds of miles away, and the benefits of the public land were enough to make wine, so he asked for it." They wrote about the real joy he had when he became an official in the past. Yearning shows the frank nature of the poet. From "Ji Shao Ri" to "November of the Year of Yi Si", the second half of the painting describes the reasons why he decided to abandon his official position and return to the fields. "Natural in nature, not the result of hard work" is the fundamental reason for abandoning office. After serving as an official for several times, the poet knew that becoming an official for the sake of "self-service" would mean losing oneself and "deeply ashamed of one's life ambitions". Therefore, "although hunger and cold may cut off", we will never want to "go against ourselves and get sick" again. Although the language is gentle, the will is as strong as gold and stone, and there is no hesitation. As for "removing himself from office" due to the death of his sister, it is only a superficial reason. The preface is a reflection on the path of the first half of life. Ci is Yuanming's imagination and yearning for a new life when he left officialdom.
"Come back, come back, the fields will never come back!" These two sentences are like a wake-up call to oneself, which expresses the profound enlightenment of life. In the poet's deep consciousness, pastoral is the root of human life and a symbol of free life. The decay of the countryside means the loss of roots and the loss of freedom. Coming back is the call of the countryside. It is also the call of the poet’s nature. "Since you take your heart as a slave, you feel melancholy and sad alone." This means that you make your mind a slave of your body. Since you are the one who suffers, why should you be melancholy and sad alone? Just let the past go. The poet's attitude towards life is solid. "When you understand the past and don't admonish it, you know that you can catch up with what is coming. It's not too far to go astray, and you realize that what you are now is but what you were yesterday was not." The past cannot be undone, but the future can be grasped. It is a mistake to become an official, but it is not too late to return to seclusion. This "enlightenment", "knowledge" and "awareness" show that the poet has grasped himself and gained a new life. "The boat is sailing far away, the wind is blowing and the clothes are blowing. I ask my husband the way forward, and I hate the dim light of the morning." These four sentences describe the poet's imagination of returning home by land and water, day and night. The boat is so light and the wind is blowing my clothes, I can see that I feel relieved when I abandon my official position. The morning light is dim, and I wish I could not see the road, but I see that my heart is like an arrow returning home. This is the rush to freedom out of prison. Even Lu Xing asked the pedestrians, that little thing was real and gratifying.
"I looked at the house and ran with joy. The servants welcomed me, and the children waited for the door." When he saw the door of his house, he ran with joy. The forty-one-year-old poet is still so innocent. The boy servants greeted him happily because the poet regarded him as a "son of man" and "met him well" (Xiao Tong's "Biography of Tao Yuanming"). The children are waiting at the door because their father is with them from now on. From this grand welcome arrangement, the image of the poet's wife can be clearly seen. "His wife Zhai is also able to work hard and be a comrade with him" (ibid.). Behind the cheering children, there is her quiet and joyful smile. "The three paths are deserted, but the pines and chrysanthemums still remain. When you bring your children into the house, there are bottles of wine." Seeing that the paths he often walked when living in seclusion were already desolate, the poet suddenly felt regret for entering the official career by mistake; The pines and chrysanthemums in the deserted path also make the poet happy that his own nature still exists. If you bring a child into the house, you will see that your wife manages the home and takes care of the children, and is capable and virtuous. There was wine in the bottle, which was clearly the warmth of his wife. What a warm family, this is a guarantee of seclusion. "Introduce the cup to drink for yourself, gaze at the court to enjoy your face. Lean against the south window to express your pride, and it is easy to rest your knees when you look at your face." Drinking makes you happy, and your humble room is easy to settle down. It describes the poet's contentment and long-term happiness. Looking squinting at Tingke and leaning proudly against the south window, it describes the poet's loneliness and arrogance.
"The garden is immersed in the sun to make it interesting. Although the door is set up, it is always closed. We help the elderly to rest, and sometimes they straighten their heads and look out." The poet's mind and life have been isolated from the world and turned to nature. open. Walking in the garden every day is endless fun. Leaning on a stick, swimming or resting, always looking up into the distance, only the high sky and vast nature can accommodate the poet's arrogance. "The clouds have no intention of coming out of Xiu, and the birds know when they are tired of flying. The scenery is about to enter, and the lonely pines are caressing and lingering." The description of these four sentences obviously has far-reaching meaning. Ye Mengde of the Song Dynasty commented on the first two sentences of "Records of Summer Vacation": "This is where Tao Yuanming comes from. Unless you really have this situation in your mind, you can't talk about it." The cloud "comes out" without intention, and the bird "flies tiredly" and "knows to return" ", indeed it is a metaphor for the poet's journey from becoming an official to retiring to seclusion. The following two sentences from the Qing Dynasty Tao Shu's annotation of Mr. Jingjie's Collection: "The min and Jin Dynasties are about to end, and they know that there is no time to do anything. They want to live in the rocks and hide in the valleys, staying away from the chaos, so that the common people can complete the withered festivals. "The sun is dim and is setting in the west. Regardless of whether it is pity for Jin Zuo or not, lingering on the lonely pine obviously symbolizes the poet's upright ambition. In this poem, "pine chrysanthemum", "tingke" and "lonely pine" are mentioned. In one article, there are three compliments. "I am coming back, asking for a break and a long journey. The world is contrary to me, so what can I ask for when I come back to talk to you." Since the poet is out of tune with the world, what else do he want to travel for? "Love words from relatives are pleasing to the ear, and music and music are used to calm down worries. Farmers tell me that spring will come, and they will have something to do in the west." Love words from relatives, and farmers talking about crops, are so sweet and true. I will no longer hear the annoying words about "you should wear a belt to see the official". In addition to music and music, nature is also a wonderful book that can’t be read endlessly, not to mention that it is spring full of hope. “It may be a carriage with a scarf, or a solitary boat.
It is both graceful and graceful to find ravines, and also rugged to pass through hills. "
Driving by car and boat, deep into the mountains and rivers, the mountain roads are deep and secluded, and the mountain roads are rugged, which make people full of interest. "The trees are flourishing, and the springs are beginning to flow. When I get all the good things, I feel grateful for the rest of my life. "Nature is full of vitality and rhythm, which makes people happy and inspiring, but also makes people feel sad. All things are flourishing and they are young, but I am almost old. "It's almost gone, and how long it will take to stay in the shape. If you don't make up your mind whether you want to stay or go, what else can you do? "When you examine the limitations of life, you realize the value of freedom more and more. You don't have many years to live, so why not follow your heart's wishes, and why should you seek outside the world? "Wealth and honor are not my wish, and I can't expect an empire. "Dixiang is the fairyland, which refers to the world of immortals in Taoism. In fact, it can also refer to the Western Pure Land in Buddhism. Wealth and fame are not what I want, and the world on the other side is not trustworthy. From this, we can see through Yuan Ming's philosophy of life. He is both He denied the secular political society and abandoned the religious world. In the Eastern Jin Dynasty, when scholars were obsessed with official positions and Buddhism was prevalent, his attitude towards life was serious and secular. In it, we seek the meaning of life and realize the value of life. "You can spend your time alone, or plant a stick and work hard." Climb Donggao to soothe the whistle, and compose poems near the clear stream. "These four sentences are a concentrated description of the poet's ideal life. When the weather is good, he travels, when the farm is busy, he cultivates, when he climbs high, he roars, and when he is near the water, he composes poems. Labor, nature, and humanities constitute the poet's full and fulfilling life." After returning home, Lefu's destiny returns to ridicule. "The last two sentences are a high-level summary of the poet's philosophy of life. "Book of Changes·Xici" says: "Happy God knows his destiny, so he doesn't worry. "Hua and destiny both refer to the way of nature. If your life always conforms to the way of nature, you have realized the meaning of life. This is enough to be happy. This is happiness. There is no doubt! This is the realm of transcendence. At the same time, it is down-to-earth.
"Returning to the Songs" is a lyrical poem whose origin is the "Chu Ci", especially the "Li Sao". It is the tragic state of enthusiastic use of the world. The state of "Return to the World" is the transcendent state of retreat from the world. Traditional Chinese scholars were educated in Confucianism and took active use of the world as their ideal in life. In this era, the ideals of scholars could not be realized, and even their lives were not guaranteed. At this time, abandoning officialdom and going into seclusion had its real meaning. Its meaning was to refuse to cooperate with the dark forces and to bring up the spirit of independence and freedom. Tao Yuanming used poetry to express this. The importance of "Gui Qu Lai Xi Ci" in the history of Ci and literature lies in this, the first person to truly, profoundly and comprehensively express Gui Yin's consciousness.
In the Song Dynasty, "Gui Gui Lai Ci" "Gui Lai Xi Ci" was rediscovered and recognized by people. Ouyang Xiu said: "There are no articles in Jin Dynasty, only Tao Yuanming's "Gui Lai Xi Ci". "Song Xiang said: "Tao Gong's "Return" is the swan song of the Northern and Southern articles. "Evaluated the important position of this word in the history of literature. Li Gefei said: ""The Word on Return" is as pure as flowing out from the heart, but there is no trace of an axe. "Zhu Xi said: "The meaning of the poem is broad and desolate. Although it is supported by the sound of Chu, it does not express the disease of frowning. " (The above quotation can be found in Tao Shu's Annotated Edition) points out the true, natural, and harmonious style of this poem. These comments by people in the Song Dynasty are in line with reality.
Read "Gui Qu Lai Xi Ci" , does not give people a sense of relaxation, because behind the poet's seeming carefreeness is a kind of sadness and helplessness. In essence, Tao Yuanming is not a pure hermit who only likes to travel and does not care about current affairs, although he said that "the nature of nature is inherent." "Love Qiu Mountain", but in his heart he wanted to benefit society. When Mr. Lu Xun talked about Tao Yuanming, he said: "In poetry, in addition to 'Seeing the Nanshan leisurely' admired by the guest, there are also 'Jingwei title Wei' The wood will fill the sea, punish the sky and dance with the gods, and the "King Kong Angry Eyes" style such as "the strong will is always there" proves that he is not drifting all day and all night. "("Title Undecided") We feel heavy through these angry words such as "please take a break to pay for the end of the journey" and "the world is against me".
"Returning to Come" "Is the description of the scenery actual or imaginary? Mr. Qian Zhongshu said: "The "Preface" says that "The Ci" was written in November, still in the middle of winter; if it is a retrospective and direct record, how can it be that 'the wood is happy and prosperous' , "When good things come to all things" and other things? Are there any human affairs such as "Farmers tell me that spring will come and there will be something to do in the west", "Or plant sticks and work hard"? These are imaginations before returning, not It can be said in words. "(See Qian Zhongshu's "Guan Zhui Bian" 1225~1226, Zhonghua Book Company, 1979) In this way, the first major writing feature of this article is imagination. What the author writes is not the scene in front of his eyes, but the scene in his imagination and the scene in his heart. . So, is there any difference between writing about the scene in your heart and the scene in front of you? The scene in front of you is what you see. The scene comes first and then the text. The text and scene are consistent, and the emphasis is on truth; the scene in your heart is what you create. Scenery follows what one likes and what one's feelings lead to. The scenery may not be the same as it is, and the scenery may not be the reality.
The language of this article is very beautiful. The sentences are mainly composed of three-character sentences, four-character sentences, seven-character sentences and eight-character sentences, which are catchy and have a melodious rhythm. The sentences are lined with the words "zhi", "yi", "er", etc., and sometimes use repeated sounds. The lyrics have a strong sense of music, such as "The boat is sailing far away, the wind is blowing and the clothes are blowing", "The trees are flourishing, the spring is trickling and beginning to flow". They often use couplets, either positive or negative, which are just right. . The description is combined with lyricism and discussion. Sometimes it depicts scenes, sometimes it is lyrical, and sometimes it is discussion. It is scenic, sentimental, reasonable and interesting.
Finally, although Tao Yuanming retired to the countryside, regardless of whether his approach was positive or negative, he was different from the working people after all. Whether he wrote "Returning to the Garden and Living in the Fields" or "Returning to the Fields", it was actually a phenomenon of that era, and he was not the only one to retreat to the countryside. However, his seclusion created a writer and formed a literary style that will shine brightly in the history of Chinese literature and illuminate for thousands of years. Ouyang Xiu said: "There are no articles in the Jin Dynasty, only one piece of Tao Yuanming's "Return and Come Back"." Although this is an exaggeration, it can show its status in the history of literature.