Li Bai (70 1-762), Han nationality, with Taibai, the name of Qinglian lay, was born in Jiangyou, Sichuan, and was a great romantic poet in the Tang Dynasty. His poetic style is bold, elegant and free, with rich imagination, fluent and natural language and harmonious and changeable melody. He is good at absorbing nutrients from folk songs and myths, forming his unique magnificent and gorgeous colors, which is the new peak of active romantic poetry since Qu Yuan. He and Du Fu are also called "Da Du Li" and "Poet Fairy".
Li Bai's ancestral home is Ji Cheng (now Qin 'an County, Gansu Province). At the end of Sui Dynasty, he moved to Broken Leaf City in Central Asia (now near tokmak in northern Kyrgyzstan), where Li Bai was born. He spent most of his life roaming. At the age of five, his family moved to Zhangming County, Mianzhou (now Jiangyou, Sichuan). At the age of twenty, he left Sichuan alone and began to wander widely, reaching Xiangjiang River in Dongting in the south and wuyue in the east, and living in Anlu (now Anlu City, Hubei Province). He traveled around, hoping to make friends and pay homage to celebrities, so as to get an introduction, climb high in one fell swoop and realize his political ideals and ambitions. However, after ten years of wandering, I have accomplished nothing. Continue to go north to Taiyuan and Chang 'an, east to Qi and Lu, and live in Rencheng, Shandong (now Jining, Shandong). At this time, he has made many celebrities and created a lot of excellent poems, which are famous all over the world. In the early years of Tianbao, on the recommendation of Taoist Wu Renyun, Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty called him to Beijing and ordered him to worship the Hanlin. Soon, due to the remorse of the dignitaries, he was driven out of Beijing in Tianbao 34 (AD 744 or 745). Since then, he has been wandering in Jiang and Huai, and his thoughts are extremely boring.
In the winter of the 14th year of Tianbao (AD 755), An Lushan rebelled. At this time, he lived in seclusion in Lushan Mountain, which coincided with the great army of Wang Yong, and invited Li Bai down the mountain to enter the shogunate. Later, Li Lin rebelled against Su Zong and was eliminated. Li Bai was implicated and sentenced to exile in Yelang (now Guizhou Province). He was pardoned and released halfway from Xunyang (now Jiujiang, Jiangxi) to Xuancheng (now Xuancheng, Anhui). In the first year of Baoying (AD 762), Daizong died in dangtu county, Anhui.
Li Bai lived in the prosperous Tang Dynasty. He had the progressive ideal of "helping the poor" and "settling down in peace", and he struggled to realize this ideal all his life. A large number of his poems not only reflected the prosperity of that era, but also exposed and criticized the debauchery and corruption of the ruling group, showing the positive spirit of despising the powerful, resisting the traditional bondage and pursuing freedom and ideals. In art, his poems are novel in imagination, unique in conception, strong in emotion, magnificent in artistic conception, fresh and bright in language, magnificent in momentum and unrestrained in style, forming a bold and unrestrained artistic style, reaching the peak of positive romantic poetry in ancient China. There are more than 900 poems such as Li Taibai Ji, which are the representative figures of romantic poems in the prosperous Tang Dynasty.
2. Du Fu: a realistic poet.
Du Fu, a native of Gongxian County, Henan Province, was named Du Shaoling because he once lived in the west of Shaoling in the south of Chang 'an. Born in the first year of Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty (AD 7 12), he died in the fifth year of Dali (AD 770) at the age of 59.
He was in a period of drastic changes from prosperity to decline in the Tang Dynasty. Because the peasant uprising at the end of Sui Dynasty dealt a heavy blow to feudal rule and effectively promoted the development of social production at that time, the founding rulers of Tang Dynasty also adopted some political and economic reforms in order to consolidate the foundation of feudal rule, which made the economy in the early Tang Dynasty and the prosperous Tang Dynasty more prosperous and the politics more enlightened. In terms of population, in the twenty-eighth year of Kaiyuan, it has reached more than 48 million, surpassing the Sui Dynasty. Another example is raising horses in Longyou. There were only 240,000 horses in the first year of Kaiyuan, which doubled in the thirteenth year of Kaiyuan. The so-called "400,000 horses at that time" in Du Fu's poem (Song of a title of generals in ancient times) is just that. Low price. In the four years of Zhenguan, rice was three or four yuan a barrel, in the thirteenth year of Kaiyuan, Du Dong rice was ten yuan a barrel, and Qing Qi rice was five yuan a barrel, which was nothing compared with the later more than one thousand yuan or even tens of thousands of dollars a barrel. Economic prosperity and political openness will inevitably promote the development of culture. However, the contradiction between the relations of production and the development of productive forces in feudal society is an insoluble fundamental contradiction, which doomed that the situation of relative prosperity and enlightenment can only be short-lived, even superficial, while the long-term, internal and essential trend is decline and chaos. Tianbao period of Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty (742-755 AD) was a period from prosperity to decline in the Tang Dynasty. At that time, politics became increasingly corrupt, and the feudal supreme group became increasingly corrupt. Yang Guifei's sister Li, Yang, etc. They are very arrogant and extravagant, which makes the people's tax burden increase day by day and social contradictions intensify. In the 14th year of Tianbao (AD 755), the Anshi Rebellion occurred, social production was greatly destroyed, people were killed, and countless people died of hunger and displacement. Eight years later, although the Anshi Rebellion was finally put down and the rule of the Tang Dynasty lasted for about 150 years, during the chaotic period, state affairs were chaotic and people's lives were very painful. Moreover, after the chaos, the invasion of the dominant Tubo and Uighur brought great disasters to the people. These are deeply reflected in Du Fu's poems. He is very concerned about state affairs and shows some sympathy to the people. Of course, his concern for state affairs and sympathy for the people were based on the maintenance of the feudal court and feudal rule. In addition, during the Kaiyuan period of Xuanzong (7 13-74 1), although the society was relatively stable, the education of feudal rule was very limited after all, and Du Fu, a member of the feudal literati class, did not realize this, so there were often beautification places in his poems.
At that time, the development of poetry also experienced a tortuous road. In the early Tang Dynasty, Wang Ji and the "Four Masters" (Wang Bo, Yang Jiong, Lu, Luo) and others began to lead poetry from the complicated style of the Six Dynasties to fresh and vigorous. Chen Ziang's reformed poetic style further laid the initial foundation of Tang poetry, while Li Bai, Wang Wei, Wang Changling, Gao Shi, Cen Can and Du Fu in the prosperous Tang Dynasty developed it to a brand-new stage. Among them, Li Bai and Du Fu made the greatest achievements. Du Fu's creation began in the prosperous Tang Dynasty (referring to Kaiyuan and Tianbao), and was active in the early middle Tang Dynasty (Su Zong and Dai Zong). The main and mature period of his creation was in the Middle Tang Dynasty (756-770 AD), and most of his most popular works were written after the An Shi Rebellion.