(1), classical poetry
Including ancient poems (poems before Tang Dynasty), songs of Chu and Yuefu poems. Poetry in ancient poetry genres such as Song, Gexing, Quotations, Qu and Yin are also ancient poetry. Classical poetry does not talk about antithesis and rhymes freely. The development track of ancient poetry: Five-character poems of scholars such as the Book of Songs, Chu Ci, Han Fu, Han Yuefu, folk songs in Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties, Jian 'an Poetry and Tao Poetry, and the new Yuefu in Tang Dynasty.
(2) Modern poetry
Modern poetry, compared with classical poetry, is also called modern poetry, which is a kind of metrical poetry formed in the Tang Dynasty. There are two kinds, and there are strict rules on the number of words, sentences, level tones and rhymes.
Including "quatrains", each sentence has four sentences, the abbreviation of five words is five quatrains, and the abbreviation of seven words is seven quatrains. "Rhyme" has eight sentences, five words and five methods, and seven words and seven methods. More than eight sentences are called excluded law (or long law).
The rhythm is very strict. There are definite sentences (except arrangement), definite characters in sentences, definite rhymes (definite rhymes), definite tones (definite tones of each word in the poem) and definite couplets (the two rhymes in the middle must be aligned).
(3) Text
Also known as poetry, long and short sentences, songs, music words, Yuefu and so on. Its characteristics: the tone has a fixed frame, the sentence has a fixed number and the word has a fixed tone. The number of words can be divided into long tune (above 9 1 word), middle tune (59-90 words) and minor tune (below 58 words).
Words can be divided into monosyllabic and disyllabic, and disyllabic is divided into two paragraphs, in which the level and number of words are equal or roughly equal, and monosyllabic is only one paragraph. A word is called a paragraph, the first paragraph is called money, business and fashion, and the second paragraph is called Hou, Xia and Xia.
(4) Flexion
Also known as Yu Jihe Yuefu. Yuanqu includes Sanqu and Zaju. Sanqu rose in the Jin Dynasty and flourished in the Yuan Dynasty, and its style was similar to that of Ci. Features: the number of words can be added with interlining, and more oral English is used. Sanqu includes poems and songs.
The number of songs is a coherent set of songs, ranging from two to dozens. Each group number takes the song of the first song as the name of the whole set of songs, and the whole set of songs must be in the same palace tune. It has no guests, but only oratorios.
2. According to the content, it can be divided into narrative poems, lyric poems, farewell poems, frontier poems, pastoral poems, nostalgic poems (poems about history), mourning poems and satirical poems.
(1), nostalgic poem
Generally, I miss people and things in ancient times. Poetry about history often distorts historical facts and reality, or regrets personal experience or criticizes social reality.
(2), poetry
Characteristics of object-chanting poems: the content takes a certain object as the description object, and describes it by grasping some of its characteristics. Ideologically, it is often to express one's wishes. From things to people, from reality to nothingness, write spiritual character. Commonly used metaphor, symbol, personification and contrast.
(3) Landscape pastoral poetry
Xie Lingyun in the Southern Dynasty created landscape poetry, Tao Yuanming in the Eastern Jin Dynasty created pastoral poetry, and in the Tang Dynasty, the school of landscape pastoral poetry represented by Wang Wei and Meng Haoran appeared. Landscape pastoral poetry is good at describing natural scenery, pastoral scenery and comfortable seclusion life, with meaningful and beautiful poetic landscape, quiet and elegant style and clear and elegant language.
(4) War poems
Poetry with frontier fortress and war as its theme existed in the pre-Qin period and developed into the Tang Dynasty. Because wars are still frequent, the rulers value martial arts over literature, and it is easier for literati to win fame and gain fame than the imperial examination. In addition, in the prosperous Tang Dynasty, frontier poems with magnificent exotic feelings developed greatly, forming a new school of poetry, with representatives such as Gao Shi, Cen Can and Wang Changling.
(5) Travel poems and in my heart forever's poems.
The ancient people's long-term exile, long-term wandering, or long-term guarding the border will always cause strong homesickness and homesickness, so there are many such poems. They either write about their nostalgia for a trip, or their thoughts about their relatives and friends, or their homesickness, or their thoughts about being pregnant in the boudoir. In writing, I feel hurt by touching the scene, feeling in time, expressing my feelings with things, expressing my feelings because of dreams, or expressing my feelings with wonderful metaphors.
(6) Farewell poems
In ancient times, due to inconvenient transportation and underdeveloped communication, it was often difficult for relatives and friends to meet for several years, so the ancients paid special attention to parting. On the occasion of parting, people often set up wine farewell parties, fold willows to send them away, and sometimes sing poems to bid farewell, so parting has become an eternal theme of ancient literati.
Because everyone's situation is different, the specific content and ideological tendency written in farewell poems are often different. Some express their feelings of parting directly, some express their feelings by spitting out the anger in their chests or expressing their wishes, some focus on the pain of parting without hating, some focus on persuasion, encouragement and comfort, and some have both.
Extended data
Poetry content:
Poetry comes from life. Poetry is the flash of the sea of life. If we separate poetry from life, we can't understand the essence of poetry.
Because poetry is not a narrative life, but a singing life, emotion is the main content of poetry, and lyrical beauty is the essence of poetry. Feelings should be dependent. Images make feelings concrete and influential. Therefore, image is also an integral part of poetry content. Poetry is the most philosophical style and the most "reasonable" variety in the literary field. Feelings come from thoughts. Thought is also an indispensable part of poetry.
The unity of emotion, form and reason constitutes the content of this poem.
1, poetic feelings:
(1), the authenticity of feelings.
The so-called truth means not telling lies. Poetry is always willing to pour out the joys and sorrows hidden in its own chest. Sleek and sophisticated should not be the characteristic of poetry. The truth of feelings has a wide range. Besides poets, the feelings of task images in poems must also be true.
(2) Emotional independence.
True feelings are always specific and unique. It is independence, not lack of personality. Emotional independence is the embodiment and extension of emotional authenticity, and it is the external and symbol of sensibility. Emotional independence connects poetry with the reader's mind and makes the image of lyric hero close to the reader.
Emotional independence is manifested in being good at discovering "differences": being able to say things that people have never said; Be good at discovering "differences": what a good speaker says is hard to say.
2. Poetic image:
It is also the basic law of art to reflect social life through artistic images. Poetry sings a life, but also sings a vivid life. In most poems, the main image is the image of the lyric hero. In addition to lyrical heroic images, poems generally have unique landscape images.
3. Poetic ideas:
Poetry should be full of philosophy. The thought of poetry is philosophical, which is different from philosophical thought;
(1), the idea of poetry is an emotional crystallization.
(2) The concept of poetry is the crystallization of an image.
(3) The conception of poetry is the crystallization of witty language.
4. Poetic imagery:
Image is an extremely important concept in poetics. Poetry, as a language art, generally does not express abstract feelings directly with abstract language, but with the help of images. Image is an objective image that combines the poet's subjective feelings. Poetry expresses the poet's subjective world and the objective world that the poet faces.
In the subjective world, poetry mainly expresses emotion and beauty, that is, the poet's emotional experience, ideological understanding and aesthetic feeling of the world and life. The objective world requires poetry to be narrative and concrete, social and natural. What it looks like and what it tells are often used as images to convey subjective feelings and aesthetics.
Baidu Encyclopedia-Ancient Poetry