Song of Eternal Sorrow is a long narrative poem written by Bai Juyi, a poet in the Tang Dynasty, in 806 AD.
He visited Xianyou Temple with his friends Chen Hong and Wang Zhifu, and wrote this poem because of the story of Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty and Yang Guifei. In this narrative poem, the author narrates the love tragedy of Xuanzong and Yang Guifei in the Anshi Rebellion with refined language, beautiful images, narration and lyricism. Their love was destroyed by their own rebellion, and they are eating the bitter fruit of this spirit endlessly. Tang Xuanzong and Yang Guifei are both historical figures. Poets do not stick to history, but rely on a little shadow of history. Because the stories and characters in the poem are artistic, and they are the complex and true reappearance of people in reality, they can ripple in the hearts of readers in past dynasties.
works appreciation
In this narrative poem, the author describes the love tragedy of Xuanzong and Yang Guifei in the Anshi Rebellion with refined language, beautiful images, narrative and lyricism: their love was destroyed by their own rebellion, and they were endlessly eating the bitter fruit of this spirit. Tang Xuanzong and Yang Guifei are both historical figures. Poets do not stick to history, but rely on a little shadow of history. According to the legend of the people at that time, the singing of the neighborhood has degenerated into a tortuous and touching story, which is described and sung in a reciprocating and touching art form. Because the stories and characters in the poem are artistic, and they are the complex and true reappearance of people in reality, they can ripple in the hearts of readers in past dynasties.
The whole article is divided into three parts: the first part is from the beginning to "and the tune of rainbow skirt and feather coat is broken" The poet wrote the love life of Tang and Yang Guifei in 32 sentences, describing the situation of famine and chaos in the country and the outbreak of Anshi rebellion. The second part, from "Forbidden City, nine-story palace, looming in the dust" to "but no beloved soul visited his dream", contains 42 sentences, in which Yang Guifei was killed in the Mayiyi mutiny and Tang Xuanzong's thoughts after that; "There lived a Taoist in Lingqiong, and he was a guest in heaven" is the last part of this poem, which tells the story of the Taoist who helped Tang Xuanzong find Yang Guifei in Xianshan.
At the beginning of the poem, the poet explained the causes of the unrest in the Tang Dynasty and revealed the tragic factors of the story. It seems very common, as if the story should be written from here, and it doesn't need the author's attention. In fact, these seven words are extremely rich, which is the whole program, which not only reveals the tragic factors of the story, but also evokes and directs the whole poem. Everything that follows comes from this. After that, the poems were gradually unfolded, and they were described in layers: first, Tang Xuanzong emphasized color, and then, after seeking color in many ways, Yang Guifei, "As long as she turned her head and smiled, there would be a hundred spells, and the makeup of the sixth house would go up in smoke", was finally taken into her arms. Then, describe Yang Guifei's beauty and how charming she is, so she is favored in the harem. "Sisters and brothers are all listed in the soil", as the saying goes, "One person gets the word, and chickens and dogs ascend to heaven", and Yang's family became powerful and arrogant because of Yang Guifei. Tang Xuanzong, who got Yang Guifei, lived a life of indulgence and pleasure, indulging in singing and dancing and drinking all day long, so that he became "the emperor, and abandoned his early listening". The poet played up this for many times, thus pointing out the reasons for the outbreak of An Shi Rebellion. This part is the basis of the whole love tragedy and the internal cause of "long hatred". "The poet ironically introduced the hero and heroine of the story to us through the realism of this court life: an emperor who valued the country and despised the people, and a charming and spoiled concubine. This also vividly implies that the misunderstanding of Tang Xuanzong is the root of this tragedy.
In this love tragedy, the death of Yang Guifei is the key plot. In particular, the poet described the second part of the scene in which the emperor's military forces fled to the southwest after the Anshi Rebellion, especially the destruction of the love between Emperor Xuanzong and Yang Guifei in this turmoil. This is why Yang Guifei died. "The Sixth Army refused to send Yang Guifei" and demanded that Yang Guifei be executed, indicating that the love and infatuation of Tang Xuanzong for Yang Guifei caused public outrage. Here, the poet described their whereabouts in six sentences: "The people in the army stopped, and no one would move until under their hooves, and they might trample on those moths. The gorgeous hairpin fell to the ground, and no one picked it up, a green and white Hosta and a golden hairy bird. The emperor couldn't save her, so he had to cover his face. Later, when he turned to look, there was blood and tears. "Sadness is beyond words. In particular, "The emperor couldn't save her, so he had to cover his face, and when he turned to look at it later, it was a land of blood and tears." The poet used delicate brushstrokes to show Xuanzong's inner contradictions and painful feelings, but he couldn't bear to give up but wanted to save them.
After Yang Guifei's death, the poet did not directly describe the lovesickness of Xuanzong in Tang Dynasty, but grasped the "hate" in the spiritual world of the characters to express his lovesickness. From "When the monarch and the minister met, tears spilled on their skirts" to "No dreams": It tells the sad story that Tang was seduced by Mawei Po and returned to Beijing from Shu after the situation stabilized. After returning to Beijing, I was even more traumatized and couldn't get rid of the sadness that I missed so much. After returning to the palace, things are different. People feel hurt by things during the day, but they don't "sleep" at night. They can't remember it day and night, but they hope to have a dream. It's been months since they died. "The soul never dreams." The "hate" of "long hate" is touching.
From "There lived a Taoist priest in Lingqiong who was a guest in the sky" to the end of the poem, Taoist writers helped Xuanzong find Yang Guifei. The poet used a romantic technique, and suddenly he went to heaven. Suddenly he "looked for the green void above, and the yellow spring below, but he didn't find the person he was looking for in two places". Later, Yang Guifei was found on the ethereal fairy mountain at sea, and was allowed to reappear in the fairyland with the image of "tears falling down her sad white face, like spring rain on a pear flower", warmly welcoming the envoys of the Korean family, expressing their feelings, sending a symbolic message, reaffirming the previous vows, taking care of Tang Xuanzong's thoughts about her, and further deepening and rendering the theme of "long hatred". At the end of the poem, use "the earth lasts forever, and the sky lasts forever;" One day, both will end, and this endless sadness will last forever ",pointing out the theme, responding to the beginning, and realizing" silence ",giving readers room for association and aftertaste.
The Song of Eternal Sorrow first gives us the enjoyment of artistic beauty, a moving story in the poem and a delicate and unique artistic conception. The center of the whole article is "Song of Eternal Sorrow", but the poet tries his best to write and render it with "thick ink and heavy color" as the starting point. "Work at sunrise and rest at sunset", "Don't go early", "Stay up late", "I can't get enough of it" and so on. , appear extremely happy, like a comedy. However, that kind of extreme joy is only in contrast to the endless hatred behind it. The dissoluteness of Emperor Xuanzong of Tang Dynasty led to a political tragedy, which in turn led to a love tragedy between him and Yang Guifei. The maker of the tragedy finally becomes the hero of the tragedy, which is a particularly tortuous part of the story and the reason why the hero and heroine in the poem have to "hate" for a long time. Many people used to say that Song of Eternal Sorrow has a moral, and this poem is the moral. After the death of Yang Guifei in Majipo, the poet described it very delicately, showing the inner contradictions and painful feelings of Tang Xuanzong who could not bear to give up love and wanted to save it. Because of this "blood and tears" death, there will be endless hatred. Later, the poet used a lot of pen and ink to repeatedly render Tang Xuanzong's thoughts of Yang Guifei from all aspects. However, the story of poetry does not stay at an emotional point, but with the gradual progress of the inner world of the character, he perceives the constant changes of his scenery, pushes forward the time and story, and uses the thoughts and feelings of the character to expand and promote the development of the plot. After his death, Emperor Xuanzong of Tang Dynasty went to Shu and felt very sad. Still on the road, revisiting the old place has evoked sad memories; After returning to the palace, I experienced physical injury during the day and insomnia at night. I miss day and night, so I hope to have a dream, but it is "with the distance between life and death year after year, the soul never dreams." At this point in the poem, the "hate" of "long hate" has been written very touching, and it seems that the ending of the story is OK. But the poet's pen is curved. With the help of the colorful wings of imagination, he conceived a charming fairyland, which pushed the plot of the tragic story to a climax and made the story more tortuous, ups and downs. This turning point is both unexpected and reasonable. Due to the constant contradiction and collision between subjective desire and objective reality, poetry vividly shows the psychology of the characters, and the story is more euphemistic and moving.
Song of Eternal Sorrow is a narrative poem with strong lyrical elements. The poet adopted the expressive techniques that China's traditional poems are good at telling stories and portraying characters, and harmoniously combined narrative, scenery description and lyricism, thus forming the characteristic of the poem's lyricism. Poets sometimes inject the thoughts and feelings of the characters into the scenery, and use the refraction of the scenery to contrast the mood of the characters; Sometimes we grasp the distinctive scenery and things around the characters, express their inner feelings through their feelings, and render them layer by layer, appropriately expressing the unspeakable feelings hidden in the hearts of the characters. On his way to the southwest, Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty was surrounded by yellow dust, plank roads and high mountains. The sun is dim, the standard is dull, and autumn scenery is desolate. This is a sad autumn scenery to set off the sad thoughts of the characters. In Shu, facing the green mountains and green waters, I still can't forget myself every day. The mountains and rivers in the middle of Shu are beautiful, but in the lonely and sad eyes, the "green" of the mountains and the "blue" of the water are also sad. The beauty of nature should be appreciated with a quiet mind, but he didn't, so it increased his inner pain. This is to write sad feelings through beautiful scenery, so that feelings are deeper. The moonlight in the palace and the bell on a rainy night are already very exciting. The poet grasped these unusual but distinctive things and brought people into the realm of sadness and heartbreak. In addition, when they see and smell, they are intertwined, which also shows the sadness and sadness of the characters in language and tone. This is another floor. Still on the road, "everything is spinning" was originally a happy thing, but the old place ended and Yu Yan disappeared, so I couldn't help crying. In the narrative, another layer of painful memories is added. After returning to Chang 'an, "ponds, gardens, palaces, everything is the same as before, Taiye Lake hibiscus, Weiyang Palace willow. But petals are like her face, and willow leaves are like her eyebrows. Whenever he looks at them, what can he do but cry? " . During the day, due to the trigger of environment and scenery, people are associated with the scenery, and the scenery remains the same, but people are gone. I can't help but burst into tears, as if I saw Yang Guifei's appearance from the flowers in Taiyi Pool and the lovely willows in Weiyang Palace. It shows the extremely complicated and subtle inner activities of the characters. "Fireflies were flying on the throne, while he was meditating in the twilight. He will extend the wick to its end and still never fall asleep ... bells and drums will slowly ring the long night, and before dawn, the Milky Way in the sky will become clear. "From dusk to dawn, the focus is on the scene of being troubled by emotions for a long time at night. This bitter yearning is like "peaches and plums bloom and the spring breeze blows" and "after the autumn rain, the fallen leaves return to their roots". It is sad to see that the "disciples of Liyuan" and "A Jian Qing E" in those days were all white-haired and their faces were withered, which reminded us of the happy thoughts of the past. From the rambling of Huang Chen to the lush of Shushan, from the palace rain to Kay's return, from day to night, from spring to autumn, I feel hurt everywhere, thinking about things all the time, and repeatedly rendering the protagonist's hard pursuit and search from all aspects. If you can't find it in real life, you will find it in your dreams; If you can't find it in your dream, go to fairyland to find it. This kind of ups and downs, layer by layer rendering, let the characters' feelings swirl up and reach a climax. It is through such layers of rendering that the poet repeatedly expresses his feelings and goes back and forth, which makes the characters' thoughts and feelings more profound and rich, and the poetry is "delicate in texture" and more artistic.
Brief introduction of the author
Bai Juyi (772 ~ 846), a poet in the Tang Dynasty, was born in Xinzheng, Henan. The word Lotte,No. Xiangshan lay. First, a native of Taiyuan (now Shanxi), Bai Jian, the sixth ancestor of the Northern Qi and five soldiers, moved to Hancheng, and his great-grandfather moved to Xiatuo (now the northeast of Weinan, Shaanxi). Zhenyuan Jinshi, awarded the secretary provincial school book lang. During the Yuanhe period, Zuo Yi was a posthumous child and Zuo Zanshan was a doctor. Later, due to the above requirements, the murderer who stabbed Prime Minister Wu was severely arrested, offended powerful people and was demoted to Jiangzhou Sima.