First, soft, straightforward and natural. Li Yu's early poems mostly describe the emperor, court life and love between men and women, with a soft style. Political incompetence made him unwilling or unable to deal with political affairs, which made him pay more attention to court life and love between men and women, and he became very interested in it, so these became the main (or only) themes of his early poems. The moon is dark and foggy, so we can go to Langbian tonight. Arrange socks, step on incense and carry gold shoes. See you at the south bank of the gallery, always shivering. It is difficult for a slave to come out, but he should be taught to be merciful. This poem describes the scene of a woman sneaking up on her lover in the dark night. It's easy for readers to see its gentle style, but it's not difficult to appreciate the natural frankness of the words, which is quite different from "Picking Flowers": walking is fragrant, socks are stuck to the ground, and embroidered shoes are held in their hands. ..... It's rare for me to come out, so be gentle-suit yourself. This kind of creeping action, cautious manner, and once-loving psychology are extremely frank and vivid. Another example is "Spring on the Jade Tower", which describes the process of going out for a banquet and returning to the chariot, which is extremely rich, and the ending of "Don't put out the candle when returning, wait for the horseshoe to clear jathyapple" is also extremely elegant. Another example: it's heartbreaking not to come in the middle of spring. The order of autumn may be like snow in the snow, brush it off and then flow down full. Hongyan has flown back, the journey is far away, and the dream is hard to come true. The sadness of parting is like weeds in spring, which go further and further. (Qingpingle) expresses the author's infinite nostalgia for his relatives who are far away from home. The sentences are fresh and natural, and it is easy to arouse everyone's * * *. Second, the sentimental and melancholy works were destroyed by the Song Dynasty in 975 AD, and Li Houzhu became a prisoner from the king of a country, which made him change greatly from body to mind, from life to thought. He lived in Lacrimosa all day and saw a scene and an event, which made him sad. Therefore, his later poems turned to reminisce about the past and hurt the present, expressing the pain of national subjugation and the suffering of prisoners, with sentimental words and touching artistic power. His ci began to look like the shackles of Huajian school, with more realistic feelings, more vivid images, simple language, far-reaching artistic conception and high aesthetic value, which had a great influence on the development of ci in later generations, especially in Song Dynasty. For example, silence is alone in the west wing, the bright moon is like a hook, and the lonely phoenix tree locks the autumn in the deep courtyard. It's still messy when you cut it. It is sadness, especially a taste in my heart. (Ying Huan) The name of the word Ying Huan is about parting. Many people think that this poem was written by Li Yu in his early years, but judging from his sentimental tone, it is basically certain that it was written after the Song Dynasty. In poetry, parting sorrow is often abstracted into concrete with vivid artistic images, or the depth of parting sorrow is written, such as Li Bai's farewell: "No one will say that the sea is flat under Wan Li"; Or write the weight of sadness, such as "Wulingchun" by Li Qingzhao: "I am afraid that two streams are fierce, and I can't bear much sadness"; Or write a lot of worries, such as Qin Guan's Millennium: "Spring goes and spring comes, flying red like the sea"; Or write the length of sorrow, such as Li Bai's "Song of Autumn Pu": "Three thousand wars with white hair, sorrow seems long." And this word is about the taste of sadness: "Don't be a taste in your heart." So what does it taste like? There is no name between the lines, just a feeling that can only be understood but not expressed. This unique and true feeling can be described as a salty taste, but it is rooted in people's hearts and appealed to them. After reading it, people naturally combine their own experiences and produce a kind of * * * sound. "If you keep cutting, the reason will be chaotic" is a metaphor for anxiety. All kinds of feelings and thoughts are intertwined, which makes the poet unable to examine everything in the world with normal thinking, and only allows a sadness of parting to dominate his thinking and action, so he "has a different taste in his heart" and appropriately expresses this indescribable melancholy and confusion. Another example is: outside the window, the rain is gurgling, the spring is fading, and Luozhou is unbearable cold. I don't know if I am a dream guest, but I am insatiable in one day. Don't lean on the bar alone, it is infinite. It's easier to see when it's not. Running water is gone, and spring is gone. (Waves on the Sand) The sound of rain is amazing, and Han Xiao attacks people. In the dream, they get together. When they woke up, they felt that they had been forgotten in a strange place. They thought of their hometown of Wan Li, which the dreamer will never see again in this life. The happiness of the past is like falling out of the water and never coming back; Compared with the past, it's a world of difference. This word uses contrast to describe the life and grief of prisoners after national subjugation. After the Song Dynasty, Li Yu was labeled as a disobedient Hou and was actually under house arrest. Since then, he has never recovered, and "Lacrimosa is the only such person". "Being a Guest" is set off by "Happiness in Dreams", and "Flowing Water Out of Flowers" is a metaphor for the joy of the past, which is very infectious. "It's easier to see when you're away than when you're away", which summarizes your usual life experiences in concise language, and can cause people to make a * * * sound when they leave, which is enough to cause a strong shock in people's hearts. In addition to the above two sentences, Li Yu also had many masterpieces handed down from generation to generation during this period, such as Broken Array and Yu Meiren, which were widely circulated by later generations. These words are all works in the later period of imprisonment, so they are mostly sentimental and touching. At this time, his Ci broke through the barrier of "Ci is a colorful branch", liberated Ci from the atmosphere of Huajian School, deliberately carved and worn out, and created pronoun style, which made Ci style coexist and develop at the same time, thus making it possible. The changes of Li Yu's poems in the early and late periods are closely related to his political experience and living conditions, and his dissolute court life in the early period made his poems appear soft. The late monarch's life under house arrest, which depended on others, enabled him to see the profound artistic conception of life in the universe through the secular world, and then sprouted his heartfelt helplessness and sigh for life. Those helplessness and sighs recorded his joy and poured out his sadness, which was the natural expression of the truest feelings. Although there are great differences between the former and the latter, one thing is the same, that is, his sincere and natural feelings for the word. His words are very true, concrete and straightforward. He is good at capturing the characteristics that things are easily felt and associated by people, and sketching colorful pictures with vivid metaphors and beautiful words. The thoughts and feelings expressed in his words are very common. He expressed his strong life feelings with his distinctive creative personality, which made the artistic conception of his ci more profound and the overall momentum broader, thus making his works gain long-term vitality. This is also the key reason why he occupies a place in the history of China ancient literature. What are the differences between Li Yu's early and late poems? For example, Li Yu's early poems mostly describe the life of the emperor and the court, with soft style, frankness and naturalness; In the later period, Ci turned to reminisce about the past and hurt the present, expressing the pain of national subjugation and imprisonment, with many sentimental words and touching artistic power.
Li Yu's early poems mostly describe the emperor, court life and love between men and women, with a soft style. Political incompetence made him unwilling or unable to deal with political affairs, which made him pay more attention to court life and love between men and women, and he became very interested in it, so these became the main (or only) themes of his early poems. The moon is dark and foggy, so we can go to Langbian tonight. Arrange socks, step on incense and carry gold shoes. See you at the south bank of the gallery, always shivering. It is difficult for a slave to come out, but he should be taught to be merciful. This poem describes the scene of a woman sneaking up on her lover in the dark night. It's easy for readers to see its gentle style, but it's not difficult to appreciate the natural frankness of the words, which is quite different from "Picking Flowers": walking is fragrant, socks are stuck to the ground, and embroidered shoes are held in their hands. ..... It's rare for me to come out, so be gentle-suit yourself. This kind of creeping action, cautious manner, and once-loving psychology are extremely frank and vivid. In 975 AD, the Southern Tang Dynasty was destroyed by the Song Dynasty, and Li Houzhu became a prisoner from the king of a country, which made great changes in his body, mind, life and thoughts. He lived in Lacrimosa all day and saw a scene and an event, which made him sad. Therefore, his later poems turned to reminisce about the past and hurt the present, expressing the pain of national subjugation and the suffering of prisoners, with sentimental words and touching artistic power. His ci began to get rid of the shackles of the flower school, with more realistic feelings, more vivid images, simple language, far-reaching artistic conception and high aesthetic value, which had a great influence on the development of ci in later generations, especially in Song Dynasty. For example, silence is alone in the west wing, the bright moon is like a hook, and the lonely phoenix tree locks the autumn in the deep courtyard. It's still messy when you cut it. It is sadness, especially a taste in my heart. (Ying Huan) The name of the word Ying Huan is about parting. This sentence is very sad: "Don't be the taste in your heart." So what does it taste like? There is no name between the lines, just a feeling that can only be understood but not expressed. This unique and true feeling can be described as a salty taste, but it is rooted in people's hearts and appealed to them. After reading it, people naturally combine their own experiences and produce a kind of * * * sound. "If you keep cutting, the reason will be chaotic" is a metaphor for anxiety. All kinds of feelings and thoughts are intertwined, which makes the poet unable to examine everything in the world with normal thinking, and only allows a sadness of parting to dominate his thinking and action, so he "has a different taste in his heart" and appropriately expresses this indescribable melancholy and confusion. Another example is: outside the window, the rain is gurgling, the spring is fading, and Luozhou is unbearable cold. I don't know if I am a dream guest, but I am insatiable in one day. Don't lean on the bar alone, it is infinite. It's easier to see when it's not. Running water is gone, and spring is gone. (Waves on the Sand) The sound of rain is amazing, and Han Xiao attacks people. In the dream, they get together. When they woke up, they felt that they had been forgotten in a strange place. They thought of their hometown of Wan Li, which the dreamer will never see again in this life. The happiness of the past is like falling out of the water and never coming back; Compared with the past, it's a world of difference. This word uses contrast to describe the life and grief of prisoners after national subjugation. After the Song Dynasty, Li Yu was labeled as a disobedient Hou and was actually under house arrest. Since then, he has never recovered, and "Lacrimosa is the only such person". "Being a Guest" is set off by "Happiness in Dreams", and "Flowing Water Out of Flowers" is a metaphor for the joy of the past, which is very infectious. "It's easier to see when you're away than when you're away", which summarizes your usual life experiences in concise language, and can cause people to make a * * * sound when they leave, which is enough to cause a strong shock in people's hearts. The changes of Li Yu's poems in the early and late periods are closely related to his political experience and living conditions, and his dissolute court life in the early period made his poems appear soft. The late monarch's life under house arrest, which depended on others, enabled him to see the profound artistic conception of life in the universe through the secular world, and then sprouted his heartfelt helplessness and sigh for life. Those helplessness and sighs recorded his joy and poured out his sadness, which was the natural expression of the truest feelings. Seeking Li Yu's early poems: 1. The red sun in Huanxisha is three feet high.
Author: Li Yu of Southern Tang Dynasty
1, original text
The red sun is three feet high, and the golden stove adds fragrance to the beast. Red brocade lichens wrinkle every step.
Beauty dances with golden hairpin, and wine smells bad. Don't listen to the flute and drums in the temple.
2. Translation
The red sun has risen to the highest point and shone into the palace through the curtains, but the dance carnival that started last night is not over yet. Ladies-in-waiting filed in, adding sandalwood that was about to burn out in the golden stove. Their well-trained light lotus steps will not wrinkle the red brocade laid on the ground.
It was a beautiful dancer, still dancing, with a little unsteady steps. The golden hairpin in the bun was tilted and still swinging back and forth. No wonder she's a little unstable. She must have drunk too much last night, but she was still drunk.
She picks up flowers and smells them from time to time to wake herself up. She has a beautiful figure lying on the fish and smelling flowers. Just like when the imperial concubine was drunk. You see, she is still listening to the faint sound of flutes and drums in other palaces.
Step 3 introduce
This word is considered to be an early work of Li Yu before the eighth year of Song Kaibao (975). As the ruler of the Southern Tang Dynasty, Li Yu lived in luxury, indulged in geisha and dancing, and was bohemian.
During this period, most of his ci poems were feasting and singing, and this word was one of the representatives. The time written between the lines is the second day of singing and dancing day and night. The protagonist is the late ruler Li Yu and his palace guests.
Second, "Magnolia Xiao makeup first bright muscle snow"
Author: Li Yu of Southern Tang Dynasty
1, original text
Early morning makeup, clear muscles and snow, moths in the spring temple filed.
Feng Xiao dumped Shui Yunjian and pressed Yi Qu again.
Who smells better in spring? Drunk and exhausted.
Don't light the candle red when you come back, wait until jathyapple's horseshoe is empty.
2. Translation
Full moon night, large-scale palace song and dance banquet. Make up before going out. Because it is evening makeup, in order to match the dance floor and candlelight, thrush and lip hook, you may wish to have more colors.
How radiant Gong E just finished painting makeup! The beauty in the erotic palace after makeup is like a cloud. They lined up neatly in a column. Although they are charming women at different levels, they also feel the power of the army.
When the song is over, the moonlight is brighter. Immediately ordered his entourage to put out all the red candles, get the horseshoe and walk home in the moonlight, only to find that the song and dance were over, but the excitement was not over yet!
Step 3 introduce
This poem was written by a poet in the heyday of the Southern Tang Dynasty, mainly describing the grand occasion of court singing, dancing and feasting in Li Yu's early imperial life.
Third, "A Mutual Help Village of Chu"
Author: Li Yu of Southern Tang Dynasty
1, original text
Small makeup has just passed, and Shen Tan is more concerned. Show people a lilac, sing a clear song, and temporarily lead the cherry to break.
The sleeves of the sleeves are still black, and the cup is deeply swirled by the fragrant mash. Embroidered bed leans on jiao without that, chewing red velvet and laughing.
2. Translation
Xiao's makeup is only roughly cut, but she still needs a touch of rosewood paste on her lips. Before singing with a smile, the tip of the sharp bud boat was exposed first, so the cherry mouth opened slightly and a clear Song Like A warbler flowed out.
At the reception outside the venue, it was much more charming. Sipping in a small cup doesn't seem enough. If you change to a deep-mouthed mug to get drunk, you don't care about getting dirty. The most vivid thing is, laughing and chewing red and tender grass flowers, spitting on my sweetheart.
Step 3 introduce
Judging from the overall style, this word is Li Yu's early works. Professor Zhao Xiaolan, doctoral supervisor of Hunan Normal University, director of China Song Dynasty Literature Society and executive director of China Ci Research Association, believes that this word describes the interesting story of Li Yu and his wife's boudoir.
Fourth, "picking mulberry seeds, the pavilion before spring" is
Author: Li Yu of Southern Tang Dynasty
1, original text
In front of the pavilion, the spring is bright and dancing. When it rains in Mao Mao, it will open temporarily if you don't put down your eyebrows.
The green window is quiet and fragrant, and the fragrance is printed into ash. Can endure feelings, want to sleep and dream.
2. Translation
Red flowers fall in front of the pavilion, and spring goes with them. Flowers fall gracefully, as if dancing, and they are reluctant to go home, as if wandering. It's raining, and the rain has soaked the fallen flowers and the sadness. Eyebrows are locked and rarely exposed.
There is no good news in the distance, but the green window lattice is lonely, empty and silent, and the fragrance is misty and gradually burns to ashes. I feel unbearable, bored, sleepy, and missing people dimly enter dreams.
Step 3 introduce
Li Yu's ci can be divided into two periods: the first period mainly reflects court life and love between men and women, and its style is beautiful and soft. Although he did not break away from the habits of Huajian School, he had greater artistic generalization power than Huajian School poets in the description of characters and scenes, and also showed strong sadness in some words. This word is a previous work, and it is a leisurely and boring work when I was in China.
Five, "Bodhisattva Man Flower Moon Dark Cage Light Fog"
Author: Li Yu of Southern Tang Dynasty
1, original text
The moon is dark and foggy, so I can go to Lang's side tonight. Well, socks smell good and gold shoes are portable. See you at the south bank of the gallery, always shivering. It's hard for slaves to come out, but you can be merciful.
2. Translation
The flowers are so beautiful in the dim moonlight, I want to meet you secretly in this charming night. I walked on the incense step by step with bare socks, still carrying those golden shoes gently in my hand.
Finally meet you in the south bank of the picture gallery! Nestled in your arms, my heart is still shaking. Do you know how hard it is for me to come out and see you once? I want you to love me with all your heart tonight.
Step 3 introduce
This word should be Li Yu's description of his tryst with Xiao Zhou Hou, written around 964 AD (the second year of Gande in the Northern Song Dynasty).
Li Yu's early works 1, the first level of a small village of mutual assistance, five dynasties: Li Yu.
Just after a little makeup, write it down. Show people a lilac, sing a clear song, and temporarily lead the cherry to break.
The sleeves of the sleeves are still black, and the cup is deeply swirled by the fragrant mash. Embroidered bed leans on jiao without that, chewing red velvet and laughing.
Explanation:
Xiao's makeup is only roughly cut, but she still needs a touch of rosewood paste on her lips. Before singing with a smile, the tip of the sharp bud boat was exposed first, so the cherry mouth opened slightly and a clear Song Like A warbler flowed out.
At the reception outside the venue, it was much more charming. Sipping in a small cup doesn't seem enough. If you change to a deep-mouthed mug to get drunk, you don't care about getting dirty. The most vivid thing is, laughing and chewing red and tender grass flowers, spitting on my sweetheart.
2. Clouds and Vortex of Sauvignon Blanc in the Five Dynasties: Li Yu
A cloud, a jade shuttle, a thin shirt. This snail is very light.
There are many autumn winds, the sound of rain is harmonious, and there are three bananas outside the curtain. The night is long and helpless!
Explanation:
A bunch of coiled bun with a hairpin inserted on it, and a light coat with a light skirt, I don't know why I frowned slightly.
Standing alone in front of the window, the wind and rain are mixed, and the bananas outside the window are also in twos and threes. What should I do in this long lonely night?
3. Five Dynasties "Dead Hua Lian Chun Mu": Li Yu
Take a walk in the pavilion at night. Just after Qingming Festival, I gradually feel the pain in the Spring Festival Evening. Count the rain and wind. Hazy moonlight clouds come and go.
Peach and apricot have a faint fragrance. Who is on the swing, whispering in laughter. An inch of acacia, despair. There is no place on earth that is arranged.
Explanation:
Walking on the pavilions at night, I don't know why I have already felt the breath of spring just after Tomb-Sweeping Day. There are scattered raindrops at night, and the moon is surrounded by clouds, giving off a hazy luster.
Peach blossoms and apricot blossoms are fragrant in the dark night air. I wonder who is the woman who is swinging in the garden and talking and laughing softly? I miss her a thousand times, but in the vast world, there is no place to sort out my homesickness.
4. The Five Dynasties Bodhisattva Xia Huayue's dark cage and light fog: Li Yu
The moon is dark and foggy, so I can go to Lang's side tonight. Well, socks smell good and gold shoes are portable. See you at the south bank of the gallery, always shivering. It's hard for slaves to come out, but you can be merciful.
Explanation:
The flowers are so beautiful in the dim moonlight, I want to meet you secretly in this charming night. I walked on the incense step by step with bare socks, still carrying those golden shoes gently in my hand. Finally meet you in the south bank of the picture gallery! Nestled in your arms, my heart is still shaking. Do you know how hard it is for me to come out and see you once? I want you to love me with all your heart tonight.
5. Five Dynasties "Bodhisattva Man, Copper Spring, Crispy Rhyme and Cold Bamboo": Li Yu
The rhyme of the copper spring is crisp and powerful, and the new sound moves slowly. Eyes are black, eyes are flowing.
Rain clouds are deeply embroidered, and when they come, they will be harmonious. No matter how empty the banquet is, the soul will lose its spring dream.
Explanation:
Reed instruments play clear and loud music, and the night becomes cold because of playing the instruments for a long time. Fingers as slender as jade are moved back and forth, and silk and bamboo will play a new movement. Eyes secretly watching, eyes full of affection.
Men and women making love in a deep and exquisite room will immediately make their feelings harmonious. But after the feast, the tender feelings and sweet feelings just now immediately became empty, and the soul was already infatuated, just like indulging in a spring dream.
Similarities and differences between Li Yu's poems before and after. There are more than 20 poems by Li Yu in the early period, which can be roughly divided into two categories. One is to describe the rich court life and the affair between men and women. The tone is cheerful and brisk, and the style is the continuation of the court style and flower style in the Southern Dynasties. Such as "Huanxisha" and "Yulouchun"; The other is the heavy sadness he showed when he felt the doomed fate that he could not get rid of, such as Qing Pingle and Wang Jiangmei.
Due to the great changes in life, Li Yu's later poems are full of unfortunate nostalgia and sadness for prisoners. As soon as the work is washed, the charming atmosphere of red and green disappears. Become sad. Both content and art have reached the highest level of fine print. The voice of national subjugation is heartbroken, and blood and tears are dripping. Not only the description of "chewing red velvet and laughing at Tan Lang" ("A Welcome Bead"), which is full of life interest, is gone forever, but also the descriptions of "eyebrows can't be put down for a while and then open" ("Picking mulberry seeds") and "things are like running water, so it's just a dream to float up" ("Crying at night") are unnecessary. In the pen, all the family hatred and national hatred that hurt into the bone marrow flowed out. It embodies a style that takes sadness as beauty. What were Li Yu's early words? Yulouchun, Langtaosha, Little Mermaid, Qingpingle, don't come to the spring half.
What are the characteristics of Li Yu's works in the two periods before and after? The first category was written before the Song Dynasty, mainly reflecting the court life and the love between men and women, with narrow themes;
The second category is that after the Song Dynasty, Li Yu's memory of the past was full of his own feelings because of the deep pain of national subjugation. The achievements of his works in this period far exceeded those in the previous period, which can be described as "excellent works". Poems such as "Young Beauty", "Langtaosha" and "Crying at Night" are famous works of all ages. All at this time. Most of the ci works in this period are mainly sad, mainly describing the scene of dreaming back from afar and expressing infinite nostalgia for "the old country" and "the past" Li Yu, the leader of the late Southern Tang Dynasty, was mediocre and incompetent politically, but he was known as the "Ci Emperor". His later poems are straightforward, sincere and profound, and have a broad artistic conception, which has won him endless praise for thousands of years. As far as the style of ci is concerned, the early stage is beautiful and luxurious, and the later stage is sad and touching. He focused on the study of Ci poetry in the later period, abandoned leisure worries and wrote books with blood, with a low tone and sadness.