This poem was written in the early years of Kaiyuan. Yu Bang's "Skill Poetry" contains: Li Bai entered Beijing from Shu, when did he first visit? I haven't finished reading Shu Dao Nan, "Sighing four people and counting fallen immortals". Comment on Wang's "Advice" Volume VII. In "Tianbao", Yin Kun chose this poem in "Heroes of Crossing the River", praising it as "strange and strange, and it is rare for the poet to return it".
The difficulty in Shu is an old topic in Yuefu, which is involved in the works of Emperor Wen and others. It is difficult to write Shu Dao, but its content is thin and artistic. This article by Li Bai, based on personal experience, combined with myths and legends and historical stories, has created a fantastic and magnificent art world through rich imagination, bold exaggeration, bold language and extremely changeable sentence patterns and rhythms, and vividly expressed the theme of "Difficulties in Shu Dao", which is refreshing. From "wow, wow! Danger! The sigh of "Gao zai" is striking, that is, it is difficult to get to the point with "it is difficult to get to the road, but it is difficult to get to the sky". Then he wrote "The Difficult Way of Shu" in many levels and ways: In 48,000 years, Shu had no contact with Qin Sai, and "The Difficult Way of Shu" was set off from a historical perspective; There is only "Bird Road" at the top of Dabai and Emei, which exaggerates the "difficulty of Shu Road" from the geographical point of view; The mountain is cut at five places, and there is a "Shu Dao" that people can reach. But the danger and difficulty of "ladder" and "stone crib" are self-evident. Let's look at the positive description of "The Difficulty of Shu Road": the mountain stream is swift, the mountain road is tortuous, and the mountain peaks are inserted into the sky. Even the yellow crane, the ape, and even the dragon car of the sun god can't pass; Pedestrians at this point, morning morning, frightened, only "sigh."
Li Bai's description is so touching because of his romantic passion. The poet wanders in vain with his affection for mountains and rivers. He did not watch the natural scenery indifferently, but praised it enthusiastically to express his ideals and feelings. Surging water and dangerous peaks and valleys endow the poet with emotional temperament, thus showing a flying soul and a magnificent posture. Poets are good at combining imagination, exaggeration and myths and legends to write scenery and express feelings. When you say that the mountain is high and steep, you say "high, as on the Gao Qi, six dragons drive the sun"; The obstacles to the shape of the road are: "It was once broken by the earthquake, and some brave people lost it, and then the ladder was connected with the stone pile" ... The poet "galloped away from the storm and lashed the sea and the moon", from the creation of the silkworm cluster to the development of the wuding mountain, from the return of the six dragons to the night cry of Zigui, galloped wildly and imaginatively, creating a broad artistic realm, full of romanticism, and let us see the poet "crossing"
Before the Tang Dynasty, Shu Daonan's works were short and pithy, and Li Bai innovated and developed this ancient Yuefu theme. He used three characters, four characters, five characters, seven characters and so on until eleven characters, and the sentence patterns were uneven, forming an extremely unrestrained language style. Rhyme is also constantly changing, suitable for expressing the spirit of freedom and unrestrained, describing the sinister environment in Sichuan, changing rhymes three times in a row, and trying to change things. This also complements his rich and peculiar imagination and realistic romantic spirit.
Invite for a drink
This poem was written in the 11th year of Tianbao (752) after Li Bai's "Giving Gold to the Mountain". At that time, he was a guest in Yangyingshan with his friend Cenxun and another friend of Songshan, Yuan Danqiu. The three of them tried to go up the mountain to drink. This poem may be a toast at a drinking party for three people.
Li Bai was frustrated all his life, and it was his helpless choice to drown his sorrows by drinking and having fun in time. As he wrote when bidding farewell to Minister Shu Yun in Xie Tiao Village, Xuanzhou, "Although the water flows, the knife is chopped, and the wine is drunk, the sorrow is still there. Since the world can't satisfy our desire, I will loosen my hair tomorrow and take a fishing boat. " Wine can't realize his political ambition, so it can't really dispel his sorrow, but wine can temporarily paralyze the painful soul and find a temporary inner balance. Moreover, Li Bai's drinking method is not like that of ordinary people: "How about one or two dishes?" One pot of wine, two pots? "But the whole cow and sheep will never give up without drinking" three hundred cups ",and would rather give up everything and get wine. Behind the exaggerated language is Li Bai, who drinks heroically and enjoys fine wine, so people call Li Bai "the fairy in wine". Du Fu wrote in The Eight Immortals Song of Drinking: "Li Bai wrote a hundred poems in one barrel. Chang 'an went to a restaurant to sleep, but the son of heaven told him not to get on the boat, claiming to be Brewmaster. "Drink to drown my sorrows, write poems with wine, and express his depression generously. Wine has become a part of his life.
Li Bai, a teenager, studies hard. "At the age of five, he recited Liu Jia. At the age of ten, he saw one hundred schools. Since Xuanyuan, I have heard a lot. " When he was young, he studied under Zhao Kun, a hermit with the idea of practical use, and lived in seclusion for two years. This experience has a great influence on Li Bai's thought. Later, he often talked with Guan Zhong and Zhuge Liang about Wang Ba's way of dealing with people and his skill of making love. In the essay "Ode to Dapeng Rare Birds", I compare myself with Dapeng, express my different mundane personality and lofty life ambition with the image of "inspiring 3,000 people and quickly recruiting 90,000 people", laugh at the dignitaries and conformists in the real society, despise the feudal dignitaries and feudal order, and pursue personal freedom: "Alas, how can I bow and scrape to those dignitaries who will never suffer!" The core of this character is Confucianism, which is active in the world. Under the influence of Confucianism, Li Bai was full of high spirits and lofty sentiments in his youth, and took "helping the poor" and "ensuring prosperity" as his lofty life goals. Zhao Kun's Taoist consciousness of conforming to nature and despising hypocrisy and secularity also quietly planted seeds in Li Bai's heart, which gave birth to his character of advocating magnanimity. Confucianism and Taoism formed his contradictory inner world and influenced his life. Li Bai lived in the era of Xuanzong and Su Zong. Xuanzong in Tang Dynasty indulged in debauchery, loved dogs and horses, and valued traitors such as Li and Yang. Many people of insight were shut out of politics. Li Bai visited Chang 'an for the first time, hoping to win the favor of the emperor and realize his ambition, so he made friends with prominent figures in the DPRK, such as Cui Zongzhi, the son of the prime minister, and Princess Yu Zhen, the sister of Xuanzong, hoping that they could introduce themselves to the emperor. However, these efforts did not achieve their goals, but attracted some people's jealousy. Later, Li Bai paid tribute to Han Chaozong and others, but failed to realize his dream of becoming an official, so he had to travel around. When Xuanzong summoned talents from all over the world, Li Bai was once again in Chang 'an, leaving behind "Laughing at heaven and destroying the earth, is our generation Artemisia?" At the beginning, he really got the favor of Xuanzong and wrote poems for the emperor. However, his talent was soon envied and vilified by the powerful people around the emperor, and his arrogance was too much for the emperor. The door to promotion naturally closes quietly. When he found out that he was only the emperor's royal scholar, his dissatisfaction grew stronger and stronger, and he asked to return to his hometown. Xuanzong pushed the boat forward and agreed to his request to "pay back the money". During the reign of Su Zong, Li Bai participated in the Wang Yong shogunate and was highly valued by Wang Yong. He thought he could "be quiet for a while" and "donate money at the expense of his health", and compared himself with Xie An to help Wang Yong quell the Anshi Rebellion. When Wang Yong's rebellion of usurping power was suppressed, he was also imprisoned and exiled, almost losing his life, and only with the rescue of relatives and friends could he escape. Li Bai's dreams and hopes were completely shattered. This time, he also realized the reality that the rulers at that time reversed right and wrong, favored traitors and traitors, and excluded talented and upright people. His career is bumpy and his ambition is hard to stretch, which makes his spiritual world always in a painful situation. In order to achieve psychological balance, wine became Li Bai's best friend.
This poem is unconstrained style, but it is not limited to unrestrained feelings. The poet's feelings in this poem change rapidly.
At the beginning of the poem, I lament that life is short, and a blink of an eye is a hundred years. Then, because I was sad, I wanted a drink. Then get down to business, contact your own experience, and drown your sorrows by drinking. The ending becomes wild, and we should unify all these complicated feelings into "eternal troubles", eliminate them together and forget them together.