As a teacher of Chen Huan, Tan Xian left a deep imprint on him, such as his? Worried about life chaos? Creative concept of; Diligent and pragmatic administrative style; Its patriotic spirit; Its virtues of generosity, honesty and diligence.
Keywords: Tan Xian; Chen Hao; Worry leads to chaos
After the Opium War, China experienced unprecedented political, social, economic and cultural changes. There are many things worth studying in this era. The thoughts and thoughts of modern historical figures are of great value to the study of modern history and of great significance to modern people. ? The academic research on Tan Xian mainly focuses on his literary research. For example, Yao's Talk about Tan Xian's Ci studies systematically discussed Tan Xian's Ci studies. However, there is no special article on his relationship with Chen Huan and its influence on him, although Chen Lai explored the reason why Chen Huan lived in seclusion for 23 years in The Other Side of Chen Huan, a Northern Warlord (19 16? 1939), two questions about the relationship with beams, etc. These articles are the starting point and foundation of this paper. It provides a train of thought and starting point for this paper. This paper intends to discuss and analyze Tan Xian's life and quality, his relationship with Chen Huan and its influence, so as to deepen the study of these two modern famous figures, so as to know others and discuss the world. Look at the past and present.
First, Tan Xian's life and his relationship with Chen Huan.
Tan Xian (1832? 190 1), formerly known as Tingxian, one is Gong Nylon, the word Zhong Xiu, No.,Board Factory, (also known as), Shansanghuan, Feijianzhai, Tang, Zhejiang Renhe (now Hangzhou). My biological father died in infancy, and my stepfather (adopted by my uncle) died at the age of 10. My family has no food for the night and lives on my widowed mother's needlework. /kloc-a scholar at the age of 0/5, and a disciple at the age of 0/6. At the age of 20, Wan Qingling, who was politically known as a scholar, was turned into a student by examinations and scientific research at the age of 20. She earns three taels of silver a month, and her life is gradually improving. I have studied in Beijing, Tianjin, Hebei, Henan, Shanxi, Shandong and Shaanxi for four years (1854? 1858), worked as an assistant in Fuzhou for 7 years (1858? 1865), worked as a supervisor, main school and staff in Hangzhou for 9 years (1865? 1874), and in the examination of 1867, he was recommended as a scholar for many times. 1874 donated as a county magistrate. 13 years as the county magistrate of Shexian, Quanjiao, Huaining, Hefei, Susong and Hanshan (absent) (1874? 1887)。 I resigned and went home to live in seclusion for three years because my family was poor. Geng Mao, who advocated Nanpi Shangshu to supervise the two lakes, recruited him to Jiangxia and hired him as a lecturer at Metropolitan Jingxin College, so he became the dean for two years. ? Shan Ren is almost two years old (1890,2? 189 1), he retired to his hometown due to illness in 10, and entertained himself with poetry and books. 190 1 0 died at home in June.
Tan Xian and Chen Huan are in Wuchang Jingxin Academy (1890,2? 189 1), their life, family and childhood experiences are very similar, and they are in the same boat and appreciate each other. Tan Xian was born in a scholarly family in Hangzhou. His grandfather was a juren and his father was a scholar, but he lost his father who was less than forty years old in infancy. At the age of fifteen, he studied at the College of Literature and Art and became his disciple. At the age of sixteen, he was a boy scout. The breast repaired in 2000 is not as good as 30 silk, which is not enough to support your grandmother. You should help her with needles. Operating a turtle's hand on a cold night will cause bleeding. Crying aside. ? Chen Hao? Young and lonely, but cold at home, I rely on my mother, Mrs. Xu Taifu, to educate and nurture day and night in order to succeed. ? Mother and son live together, and the whole family lives on ten fingers, which is very difficult. After more than ten years, a person was admitted to Han Dong College in the county, with dozens of houses and no one. As for five years, he was admitted to the county student staff to make up for the food. Transfer to Jingxin College as high flyers. ? Chen Huan once had a sad experience of having her mother study hard with her on a cold night. Blood and tears, afraid to talk about my old home. Cold nights, lonely lights, cold nights, cold hands. Pain, mother. ? Tan Xian has been his teacher for two years (1890,2? 189 1)。 Tan Xian is 59 years old? 60 years old, southeast famous, Chen Huan 22? 23 years old, in the prime of life, the relationship between teachers and students is close. Chen Huan in meditation college? After teacher Tan's training, there is no danger of freezing tweezers. ?
At that time, there were 80 students in Jingxin College, all of whom were selected by students under the age of 25. Each student lives in a study and gets 3 taels of ointment and fire silver (equivalent to 4 taels of silver) every month. 5 yuan, calculated by purchasing power, is equivalent to the current RMB 900 yuan); Distribute sportswear and boots according to the season, and at the same time distribute a set of blue cloth robes and blue cloth mandarin jackets as dresses; Pens, ink, paper, inkstones and other school supplies are distributed as needed. Every month, there will be an exam in Wang Shuo. In addition to grading papers by subject teachers, they must be sent to the prison for review to determine the advantages and disadvantages and award scholarships. ? Super 8 yuan, Top 6 yuan, Equal 4 yuan. ? Students who studied well at that time could not only improve their knowledge in Jingxin College, but also support their families with money and scholarships. It is here that Chen Huan spent nearly 65,438+00 years. In the past two years, he has been cared and influenced by Tan Xian.
Second, the quality of Tan Xian
Patriotism. Tan Xian's patriotism is mainly reflected in his political enthusiasm, literary theory and creation. Politically, he has the ideal and enthusiasm to practice and reform the political system. Tan Xian experienced an era just before the Opium War, when the Gengzi Incident made peace with Xin Chou, and when foreign enemies invaded frequently in the middle and late Qing Dynasty. He didn't take literature as his career in his early years, but he had practical political ambitions and brought peace and stability to the country. Tan Xian? Pay less attention to festivals, inform current events and national political ceremonies, and emphasize their significance and disdain the chapter. To study the classics, we should ask the Confucianists in the Western Han Dynasty to tell their meanings. There is a course on reading day: all the discussed works are hidden in the diary. Wen Daoyuan Han Wei. ? His Confucian Classics attached great importance to Confucian Classics, and he talked about the gains and losses of governing the world. Therefore, in the list of teachers and Confucian scholars listed in his diary, there are Zhuang Cunyu, Gong Zizhen and Wei Yuan. Who are the modern rams who were first listed as? Unique learning? , highly respected. He has patriotic enthusiasm. He joined the local government as a 36-year-old candidate and supported the Westernization Movement. At that time, donating money to be an official was discriminated against by officials who came from the right path of the imperial examination system, but his enthusiasm for westernization and personal experience was unbearable. He has served as county magistrate in Shexian, Quanjiao, Hefei and Susong. On the political stage, because of his low status, Tan Xian hardly made any great achievements, and never received the attention of westernization leaders? If there is any reuse, it is to appoint Zhang Zhidong, the leader of Westernization, as the head of Jingxin Academy. In the end, he had to return to his hometown, work as a writer in the wild, entertain himself with poems and books, rely on literary creation for his life, and redeem himself spiritually with aestheticism. Judging from political ideals and enthusiasm, Tan Xian? He was an enlightened man and patriot of the landlord class at that time. ?
Even after Tan Xian turned to literary creation, his feelings of serving the country and the people and seeking truth from facts have not changed. He thought: What do literary works want? Worrying about the country and people, observing the current trend, examining social politics, truly reflecting the dramatic reality of the times, and having a sense of urgency. He commented on the words of patriotic general Deng Tingzhen. However, all three doctors are worried about their lives. It's like the tears in the new pavilion. You can watch the world change. ? On Dong's Poems: However, if you worry about your life, you can't help feeling sad and angry. ? Tracing back to the poems of Jin and Yuan Dynasties, he found the similarities between Jin and Yuan Dynasties and contemporary social characteristics: he felt that the handle of power was insulting, mourning was heavy, and so was God. The people mourn for Confucius, so I need to record the words of worrying about life and thinking about chaos at that time in order to change the world urgently. ? The rule of the world, can sing praises, stronger than infinity; The chaos of the world also entrusts microscopic things to change with extreme time, and the wind warns that the poetry of politics and religion must be prepared ethically. ? It can be seen that Tan Xian's view of literature comes from the traditional view of politics and religion in Confucian poetics, which is what Tan Xian said. Poetry can observe politics and culture. Why is it clear? Wise men and gentlemen, with extraordinary joys and sorrows, take poetry as history, avoid gains and losses, and say they are bitter. The traces of morality, etiquette, politics and punishment at that time have been read for thousands of years. ?
Diligence His diligence and rigor are manifested in two aspects: first, academically; The second is government affairs. Tan Xian was a knowledgeable scholar at that time. He devoted himself to the study of Ci, writing books and making statements. According to his own account, the lyrics began in Shaoxing Caotang 1854. 1878, there are five volumes of this dynasty's ci, and one volume continues. (Historical paper) Poems are divided into six volumes, with more than 590 poems, including 209 works by Wu Dao. How long does it last? More than 20 years, write again? 、? Disseminate knowledge of Zhang Mingke and Zhou Jie villages. ? Luzhong Ci is an authoritative anthology of Qing Ci, and it is also a widely circulated anthology of Ci in the late Qing Dynasty. The four volumes of "The Continuation of Characters in Basket" are examples of imitating and supplementing human characters. From the side bath ceremony to Xu Zengzhi, more than * * * characters of 190 were recorded, about 370 words. 1882 compiled ten volumes of Tang Fu's Ci, including the first volume, the seventh volume and the second volume. It recorded more than 340 poets and 1047 words from Tang Dynasty to Ming Dynasty. Fifty. It's a foregone conclusion ? He also selected Zhou Ji's excellent works of Tang and Song Dynasties from Ci Bian, and commented on them one by one, which became Tan Ping's Ci Bian, demonstrating to his disciples how to get started with the golden raft. Tan's comments on Dongbian, Diary and Rushing Ci are collectively called Tang Fu Hua Ci, which embodies Tan Xian's main theory of Ci. /kloc-in 0/900, with Tan Xian's consent, 131 comments on Ci were compiled into one volume, which were respectively contained in Preface of Ci, Narration of Eight Ci Poems, Analysis and Postscript of Zhou Ci Poems and Self-description of Ci Poems. He is diligent not only in academics, but also in government affairs. When he was an official in Anhui? First, I do things seriously, work hard for the people, and never take it lightly. ? I am like a family, Huaining is attached to Guo, and Zhong Xiu is economic. When it comes to business, I strive for it. ? His official voice is good, and Fu Fan is also accommodating to the capital and the provincial capital, asking for advice every time. Zhong Xiu has been in office for 18 months. She is quite hard-working and responsible, so she can get a good reputation, right? Can a virtuous official become a member? Known as. ? After arriving in Susong, the people realized that he was a good official and had been trying to correct grievances and disputes for decades. As for restraining the strong and helping the weak, he can be particularly desperate. There is a Wu Jinshi who lives in the village. Every time he tried to collude with the imperial court to show his ambition, Zhong refused. His bad situation was recorded in detail in the Constitution, and he was so close. ?
Honest and clean. Tan Xian used to be a senior official's aide in 12 and an Anhui county magistrate in 13. He served as an official for 25 years before and after, but resigned due to illness in 1887 and went home. There is not a tile in Hangzhou. Several people in the whole family live in a rental house while seeking medical treatment. ? Some unkind mouths say that he has enough money and wants to be comfortable. In his letter to his son, he said: hanging the crown and leaving shoes, towels to be exhausted, medicine to be self-sufficient, the mountain is laughing. Being exiled from childhood, people don't work hard enough in middle age. But I have benefited from my teachers and friends all my life, and I am a little self-disciplined about morality. I dare not indulge myself. I've never lost my life, and I'm not wrong, so many gentlemen rely on it. ? Xia Yinguan said he:? From Xianfeng to Shenxin, he was robbed and divided, and his family had no income. He was poor for twenty years. Xiao Ran Su Ru? Is it because someone else went to the school of mind? Late return, very poor, Zhang Zhidong extended the main Jingxin Academy? . At that time, the annual salary of Yamada was 600 taels of silver.
Generous. Tan Xian? Kindness is the essence of Confucianism. ? One day, he and his friends were drinking outside the building. ? There are three teenagers in the next room who are also from Hangzhou. When talking about the play, Gaizang refused to help people in the countryside. ? There are many slanders about Tan about his Zi Zhong Ci. ? Friends feel wronged for him. Tan Xian said? People make mistakes, but they don't know it. If they say it, they don't lie. And the servant is over 50 years old, but fortunately he can know the truth. You are intoxicating. Listen to what he says. There's no harm! ?
Third, Tan Xian's influence on Chen Huan.
Tan Xian? Eugenics is confused? His literary thoughts have the most profound influence on Chen Huan. Chen Huan's literary works truly reflect his concern about the chaos of the times. The world is changing? Features, and try to rely on literary works? Worship the ancient law first? Observe the style of the times and examine social politics. For example, he wrote in "Water Tune":? Show off your wealth, don't know the king, and have an empty meeting. Diligence and seeking people to live in seclusion, sorrow and joy must be shared with the people. Will make thousands of families. Abide by five ethics and eight virtues, and be kind to farmers who admire Huang. The first is to be honest and ashamed, and the grass withers in the wind. ? In Nan Kezi, he wrote:? Direct teachers are strong, but Qiang Bing is not strong. Practicing loyalty and obeying rules can also punish evil and greedy wolves. The ruling is arbitrary and the whole people make the decision. Men are patriotic and virtuous, and they are willing to go to war. ? Klang Ganzhou wrote:? Even when you are a hero, everything is always sad. Looking at the long clouds, rushing to the water, I wish I could kill the Yangtze River. Don't say that Wu Dong is self-righteous. If the halberd is broken, the sand will sink, and the smoke will lock the cold. I used to live in a tiger house, gossiping about fish and firewood and going through many vicissitudes. Refers to the season slave, a sunset. Try to take the old road of Taicheng, cattle and sheep are ravaged by dream grass. Sadly, the cold wave sobbed and complained about the ups and downs. ? Chen Huan lives in troubled times. When you are at home and abroad. Feelings of home and country, crossing? Hanjiang River? 、? Taicheng Old Road? It is really touching to express the sadness of all the characters after the war and chaos. Chen Huan also expressed his concern for the country and people in Cold Night and Weaving Women's Songs. Tan Xian's Crossing the River Cloud? The article "Daguanlou with Yang Lake Zhao Jingfu and Jiangxia Zhengzanhou" also expresses such sadness of worrying about the country and the people and lamenting the life experience. It is cold day and night in the river, and the waves in the empty pavilion are rolling, and thousands of miles are sad. Ask the flowers without saying anything. A few degrees of slight cold. A good place to board the plane? Spring is fluttering, but it is hard to find pity for the elderly. Such a muddy mountain scenery makes Yingying Yan * * * thoughtful. Six Dynasties dress shoes, hundreds of battles with flags. Pay a high pillow to catch firewood. Where can I find and hide crows and willows? This is Ma Linping. I also bowed my head while fishing in the Rocky Mountain, watching the clouds break and fly over the wild invertors. It's not dusk, just cloudy in front of the curtain. ?
Chen Huan's diligence and pragmatism in politics are quite commendable. During my stay in Sichuan (19 15. 5? 19 16。 6) I mainly did four things: defining official management; Restore traffic; Bandits in Qingxiang; Clarify the monetary system. Especially in eliminating bandits and rectifying the monetary system. He did it more successfully. At that time, there were many thieves in Sichuan, and they were rampant, killing people and stealing goods. Even soldiers and bandits are indistinguishable, local officials are timid and poor. From the beginning, he used the method of clearing his hometown. However, when the first place was cleared, the gangsters hid in the second place, and the second place started and ran back to the first place. Play hide-and-seek with loyal ministers. What did he think of? Clear nationality? How to find out the clan name of the gangster? Sit together? . Thoroughly cleared, bandits missed almost nothing. ? A year later, the people didn't close their doors at night and didn't pick up the road. ? Also during the Revolution of 1911, the revolution issued public bonds and various bonds. The total amount is about140 thousand yuan, and businessmen have nowhere to exchange it. I suffered a lot. The ticket amount has also dropped from one yuan to one or two cents. Chen Huan put forward the bottom fee, using the 2 million ocean that Shi Shikai gave him as the bottom fee? Universal silver coin, draw a cash. Implement the method of withdrawing funds to repay the principal, and instruct the provincial banks to handle it. In less than a few months, we will raise the ticket price to more than 60 points, and at the same time, we will put those rotten papers. All the banknotes and military tickets were burned. Businessmen live and work in peace. Chen Huan has been in Sichuan for several years. Considerable achievements have been made in public security and finance. If Fei Shikai doesn't claim to be the emperor, let him do a good job, and maybe Sichuan will be better organized. He can basically realize his political ambition of ruling the country and leveling the world, but it's a pity that Yuan Shikai didn't give him this opportunity.
?
Is Chen Huan patriotic, honest, generous and diligent in his studies? These can be found in Chen Lai's The Other Side of Beiyang Warlord Chen Huan (see Economic and Social Development, No.3, 2007) and (Analysis of the Reasons for Chen Huan's Seclusion for 23 Years (19 16? 1939) (see Economic and Social Development, No.9, 2007) and two problems of beam and relationship (see Economic and Social Development, No.0/0, 2007) are discussed in detail. These qualities are similar to those of Tan Xian, which shows that Tan Xian, as his mentor, left a deep imprint on Chen Huan.