The autumn wind is bleak, the weather is cool, and the vegetation shakes and exposes frost.
Yan Zhiqun's words return to Yan Nanxiang, thinking of your guests.
I miss my hometown, so why did you send it to stay for a long time?
I keep my room empty, but I can't forget the time when I care about you.
I don't think my clothes are crying.
Short songs cannot be long.
The bright moon shines on my bed, and it's still early for the stars to flow west.
Penny and Weaver looked at each other from a distance. Why should I restrict the river beam?
This is the first of two songs written by Cao Pi. Ge Yanxing is a Yuefu theme, which belongs to the category of Pingdiao of Xianghe Song. It is similar to Xing He Xing, which reflects the life in their respective regions and has their own musical characteristics. Yan (Yān) was the name of the vassal state in the Western Zhou Dynasty and even in the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, and its jurisdiction was about Beijing, northern Hebei and southwestern Liaoning. This is the border area between the Han nationality and the northern minorities. Since Qin and Han Dynasties, wars have frequently occurred. Therefore, the rulers of past dynasties have sent heavy troops to guard here. Of course, there are various services such as building a city and transferring traffic. Judging from the recent facts, in the twelfth year of Jian 'an (2007), Cao Cao's northern expedition to Wuhuan took place in the northern part of this ancient Yan country, which is now Xingcheng, Liaoning. As early as the Qin dynasty, novels, poems and literary works reflecting the sufferings of the war corvee in this area had the idea of "being cautious when giving birth to a boy, and nurturing the breasts when giving birth to a girl". The folk song "Don't look at the Great Wall, bones support each other" was even more famous in the Han Dynasty "Drinking horses in the Great Wall Cave". Cao Pi's Ge Yanxing is the inheritance and development of this literary novel, poem and literary work in ideological content. Guo Maoqian's Yuefu Poems quoted Yuefu to solve problems and said: "Wei Wendi's two poems Autumn Wind and Another Day have changed in time sequence, and women have nothing to complain about." He also quoted Yuefu Guangti as saying: "Yan, the place name is also. It is said that there is a good man serving in Yan, which is also for this reason. " This understanding of the content of novels, poems and literary works is correct. There are no ancient words in Ge Yanxing, and this tune may have originated from Cao Pi. This novel, poem and literary work reflects the historical phenomenon of 400 years since Qin and Han Dynasties, and it is also the social reality of Jian 'an period that he was close to, showing the author's concern and sympathy for the sufferings of the lower classes.
"The autumn wind is bleak, the weather is cool, the vegetation is like frost, and the geese go south." The first three sentences are about a chilling scene in late autumn, preparing for the heroine's appearance. The image here is visual, auditory and sensory, giving people a feeling of emptiness, loneliness and decline. This scene is consistent with the inner feelings of the upcoming heroine. Although these three sentences are just scenery, there is no positive love, but we already feel that love is full of paper. This method of expressing feelings of parting and nostalgia by describing autumn scenery is a tradition in China. Song Yu's "Nine Debates" says: "Alas, autumn is the spirit! A bleak, withered vegetation, decline. Hey, if you travel far, you will return to the water. " Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty's Autumn Wind Poetry said: "Autumn wind starts, plants turn yellow, and geese return to the south. Lan Youxiu, Ju Youfang, Huai Jiaren, can't forget it. " From here, we can not only see the continuity of xing and his thoughts and feelings, but also see the direct use of language and vocabulary. But by Cao Pi's works, everything has become something with its own unique ideological outlook and unique artistic style. We'll talk about this later.
"I miss you, your heart is broken, and you are homesick. How can you send it to stay for a long time? " In the chilly autumn night scene described before, our heroine stepped onto the stage: she looked at the distance with sadness, loneliness and deep affection and talked to herself. She said: You have been away from home for so long, I miss you so much. I can also imagine your sad and frustrated yearning for your hometown every day, but what on earth kept you away for so long? Qiànqiàn: You look depressed. I miss my hometown is a scene where the heroine imagines her husband missing his hometown outside. This writing is ingenious and detailed. When a person misses another person, his ideological activities always have specific contents, either recalling the past time together, or looking forward to the joy of meeting in the future, or caring about the other person's life outside, imagining what he is doing now, and so on. This method of highlighting the eagerness and affection of missing people by describing their activities has existed as early as in the Book of Songs, and it is even more wonderful when Liu Yong, a poet in the Song Dynasty, wrote that "I miss beauty, make up my eyes, miss for several times, and God knows how to go home". The advantage of this writing is that it becomes a layer, which makes people feel more tortuous, detailed and specific. Stay long: stay long. "Why did you get rich after staying for a long time?" There are expectations, doubts and infinite suspense. What is the reason why you can't come back so far? Is it because of the busy construction? Is it because the war is urgent? Is it because you are ill? Hurt? Or ..... that's even more unexpected. You see, the heroine's mind is heavy!
"I'm a concubine, and I'm worried about you, even if I can't forget it. I don't feel tears in my clothes." Qióngqióng: Lonely, lonely, lonely. Dare not: in polite terms, it means no,no. These three sentences describe the heroine's life at home: she lives alone in an empty room, takes private service all day and often tears her clothes. On the one hand, it shows her loneliness and boredom with life; On the other hand, it shows the heroine's infinite loyalty and love for her husband. Although her life is so bleak and lonely, she thinks of nothing but her husband and hopes for his early return.
"With the help of the piano, the strings are clear and short songs cannot be long." Aid: Yin, bring it here. Shang Qing: A new musical tune formed on the basis of folk tunes since the Eastern Han Dynasty, characterized by sadness and sadness. Short song: tune the class name. Yuefu can be divided into long sentences and short sentences, which are distinguished according to "Quchang" (Yuefu poetry). Probably Long song mostly expresses passionate feelings, and short songs mostly express deep and sad thoughts. On this autumn night, the heroine is very sad. Holding a lyre, she tried to express her inexpressible feelings by playing A Qing Commercial Songs, but all her words were short and plaintive, and she could never sing a soft Long song. "Rites and Music" says: "Musicians will remain the same." The heroine is lonely and sad to the extreme. Even if she wants to play a different tune, how can she play it?
"The bright moon shines on my bed, and it's still early for the stars to flow west. Cowherd and Weaver Girl face each other from a distance, why are they confined to the river beam alone? " The heroine misses people far away sadly. Sometimes she sighs in the breeze, sometimes she whispers and hesitates, and she doesn't know how long it will take. The moonlight shone through the curtains on her empty bed. She looked up at the blue sky and saw that the Milky Way had turned to the west. Only then did she know that the night was already deep. "The night is still early" has two meanings here. One is that the night is already deep. When will our heroine get through this bleak long night? The other layer is symbolic, which means that wars and corvees are endless, and the suffering of our heroine's life, like this long night, is still very long and endless! Facing this heavy night sky, looking up at this bitter galaxy and savoring this painful life, what should our heroine do to change her destiny as a weak woman? At this moment, her eyes suddenly fell on the bright stars on both sides of the Milky Way: Ah! Cowherd and Weaver Girl, my poor partner in bad karma, what sin do you have to let people separate you from each other on both sides of the galaxy like this? Morning glory and Weaver Girl are the main stars of Aquila and Lyra respectively. These two stars have long been described by the ancients in China as a persecuted couple who can't reunite. This is a well-known thing. These two words that the heroine said to Penny Weaver, such as anger, resentment and confusion, are not only for the two stars in the sky, but also for herself and millions of men and women who were forced to separate and could not reunite with their destiny. This voice is a strong appeal, a sad accusation and an angry protest. It seemed to resound through the sky at that time, and in the feudal society of nearly two thousand years, its resounding echo could be heard every year, every month and every moment. This pun, memorable, deep and loud ending is very wonderful.
The ideas expressed in novels, poems and literary works are not complicated, and the themes are not particularly novel. However, Cao Pi, as an upper-class figure of the ruling class, can care about such a matter involving thousands of families, and he has placed such deep sympathy in his poems, which is commendable. In art, he vividly described the feelings and psychology of the lyric heroine. She is elegant and dignified, fiery and reserved, eager and dignified. Novels, poems and literary works skillfully combine lyricism, narration and the heroine's monologue, forming a tragic style. Its rhetoric is gorgeous, and it also uses a lot of things from predecessors, but all this seems to be completely unintentional, without any traces of carving. This is the characteristic of Xing, and it is also a typical characteristic that Cao Pi's poems are different from other poets in Jian 'an. Cao Pi is a politician, but from his novels, poems and literary works, he often can't see his father Cao Cao's generous spirit of taking the world as his duty, and he can't find his brother Cao Zhi's idea of actively trying to serve the country. There, there is always an endless bitterness and sorrow. His words are lyrical and he often likes to use a woman's tone. Therefore, Zhong Xing in the Ming Dynasty said that his poems were "elegant and elegant, but childlike" ("Ancient Poems Return"). In the Qing Dynasty, Chen Ruoming called his poems "like calligraphy, holding the heart, bowing his head and saying nothing, and looking back with no pity" (Selected Ancient Poems of Caijitang). Ge Yanxing can be said to be a novel, poem and literary work that best represents Cao Pi's thought and artistic style. The predecessors spoke highly of these two poems. Wuqi in Qing Dynasty said: "The style is extremely desolate, twelve characters, end to end, but twists and turns in the middle, which is really outstanding." Wang Fuzhi said: "There is no difference between ancient times and modern times in terms of feelings, colors and sounds." (Jiang Zhai Shi Hua)
Xing's two poems have an important position in the development history of seven-character poems, which we should know. The Book of Songs is basically a four-character style, with seven sentences occasionally, but the number is very small. "Songs of the South" is a style of songs of the South, with seven sentences, but most of them have the word "Xi", which is different from the seven-character poem in format and charm. There are some miscellaneous styles in Yuefu in Han Dynasty, such as World War I in the South of the City and Travel Notes in the East Gate, among which some seven-character poems have obviously promoted the development of seven-character poems, but in those novel poems and literary works, seven-character poems are not the main body. During the 400 years of the Han Dynasty, there were two novels, seven-character poems and literary works. The first one is the couplet between the monarch and the minister in the period of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, the so-called Bailiangtai poem. This poem is a novel of later generations, which has many loopholes and is not credible. And it's made up, piled up and perfunctory, with no poetry at all. The second is Zhang Heng's Four Sorrow Poems. It is poetic, but the first sentence of each of Zhang Heng's four poems still carries the word "Xi", dragging the tail of a Chu song. Therefore, the novels, poems and literary works that really get rid of the shackles of the form of Chu Ci and make the seven-character style independent can not but be said to be Cao Pi's Yan Er Qu. It can be seen that Cao Pi, who studied the poems of Han Yuefu and pre-school people, was brave in exploring and innovating in form. Every sentence of Xing rhymes, and it is flat and elegant, which is a stage of the development of seven-character ancient poetry. Writers in Jin and Song Dynasties wrote seven words, and they continued to walk a long way. Later, through the efforts of Bao Zhao, Yu Xin and others in the Southern Dynasties, in the Tang Dynasty, Lu, Wang and others appeared magnificent works with rhyming lines, and the seven-character ancient poetry entered a new stage of development. It can be seen that Cao Pi's pioneering work cannot be concealed.
Wei Wendi Cao Pi
(187 ~ 226) The monarch and writer of Wei during the Three Kingdoms period. Purple Huan Zi. Peiguoqiao County (now Bo County, Anhui Province). Wei Wudi's second son, Cao Cao. In the sixteenth year of Jian 'an in the Eastern Han Dynasty (2 1 1), he was a corps commander and deputy prime minister with five senses. In twenty-two years, he was made a prince. In the first year of Yankang (220), Cao Cao died of illness and was succeeded by Prime Minister and Wang Wei. In October of that year, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty was forced to abdicate and proclaimed himself emperor, with the title of Wei, Gai and capital Xuchang. Seven years in power. Cao Pi insisted on monopolizing power and establishing a province of Chinese books, and its officials were replaced by scholars, which was different from the Western Han Dynasty, which took officials as Chinese books. Originally, the responsibility of drafting imperial edicts was transferred to the officials of Zhongshu Province, and the right of confidentiality was gradually transferred to Zhongshu Province. At the beginning of Sangong's administration, he hoped for pre-treatment. Abolish the old habit of returning disasters to the three public places since the Eastern Han Dynasty. In view of the disaster of mother's interference in politics and consorts at the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, it was ordered that women were not allowed to be pre-treated, ministers were not allowed to serve the queen mother, and later families were not allowed to be auxiliary governments. The control of the captaincy is extremely strict, and the children "don't know the politics of the country"; The blockaded land is barren, sparsely populated, and its military strength is extremely weak. In order to prevent the struggle for the throne, officials are specially set up to supervise it. In order to prevent the chaos of the ruling order, I dare to follow the old habits of the Eastern Han Dynasty. Children are the personal avengers of fathers and brothers, and they are all family rule; It also stipulates that in addition to rebellion, dare to falsely accuse, "take this as a crime." He also established and promoted the "nine-grade justice" system, trying to take back the use of human rights from the celebrities of big families. Through this series of measures, Wei's rule was further consolidated. He personally led the army to attack Wu three times, but all failed because of immature conditions.
Cao Pi loves literature and has made great achievements. Write down China's early excellent seven-character poems as follows. His Dian Lun Wen occupies an important position in the history of China's literary criticism.