The whole poem is divided into four layers, the first layer is four sentences, explaining time and its environmental atmosphere. As the saying goes, "Tian Jia has less leisure in the month, and people are twice as busy in May". The following things will happen in May when people are twice as busy. These two sentences always affect the whole body, revealing the author's sympathy for the working people at the beginning; "At night, the south wind rises and the wheat is covered with yellow." There is a harvest scene, and the big picture is pleasing to the eye. But who can think of the sadness of farmers under this harvest scene?
Eight sentences on the second floor show this "busy" wheat harvest scene through specific families. Mother-in-law and daughter-in-law are carrying rice baskets, while little grandson is carrying a kettle. They are going to deliver meals to people who work in the fields. Men go to the fields before dawn; After getting up, women are busy with housework before cooking; The little grandson went to the fields with his grandma and mom when they were delivering food. They will work with the men after supper. Do you think this family is busy? "It was full of the heat of the country, and my back was burned by the sun. I don't know about heat, but I regret the long summer. " These four sentences describe the wheat harvest positively. Their faces face the earth and their backs face the blue sky. The bottom is steamed like a cage, and the top is roasted like fire. However, they waved their sickles with all their strength and cut them all the way forward. It seems that they have completely forgotten the heat, because this is "the tiger's mouth grabs the food", and time must be seized! Daughter-in-law: daughter-in-law and mother-in-law. In ancient times, the daughter-in-law was called mother-in-law and the father-in-law was called uncle. Lotus: shoulders; Food is packed in baskets, which means rice baskets. Pot pulp: the pot is filled with water, which means the kettle here. Tian Xiang: People who work in abel tamata will deliver food. Ding Zhuang: Adult male labor force. Cherish: cherish. Reluctant to waste. The weather is so hot and the days are so long, but people work hard and are afraid of wasting a little time, which shows how much people cherish the wheat they are about to get. The word "pity" is well used here, which is a kind of writing that goes against human nature to highlight the emotional strength of people here and now. Bai Juyi's "Charcoal Man" has a saying that "poor clothes are simple, my heart is worried about charcoal, and my eyes are cold". The usage of the word "wish" is exactly the same as that of the word "cherish" here.
In three stories and eight sentences, the camera turned to a poor woman who was ruined by taxes. At present, she can only make a living by harvesting wheat ears, which is one level lower than the above-mentioned families who are busy harvesting wheat ears. Look at her image: a child in her left hand, a broken bamboo basket in her arms, and a fallen ear of wheat in her right hand. How tired you are, and how little you get! But what can we do? Now it's time to harvest the wheat, and there are still ears to pick. If you want to change, you must beg in the street. Last year and the year before last, her family also had land to plant and a family that Michael wanted to collect. It was only later that taxes were cornered and family property and land were changed, which led to this situation today. Bing: Here you are. Tian Jia: This refers to the property of a farmer. Lose: pay.
The fourth floor, six sentences, the poet feels guilty and ashamed of such a tragic scene under the bumper harvest. Things: engage in. Sui Yan: At the end of the year.
The title of the work is "Watching the Wheat Harvest", but what actually appears on the screen is a wheat harvester next to the wheat harvester, and the author's attention is just more focused on the latter. At present, they are rich and poor in different degrees, but their fate is closely related. Gleaner, who is sad and poor today, was a hard and busy reaper yesterday; I also know that today's hard-working wheat harvester will not be reduced to miserable and miserable wheat pickers tomorrow. As long as there are heavy taxes, the working people will never escape bankruptcy. Here, the author sharply criticized the tax system that harmed the people at that time and expressed deep sympathy for the suffering of the working people. Moreover, it is not general sympathy, but further putting yourself in, feeling that you are too different from the working people and feel guilty. Bai Juyi's poems at this time truly reflect the thoughts and feelings of the working people and breathe out their voices.
The basic feature of this poem is to describe the real life scene truthfully, without exaggeration. He chose the busy family and the bleak gleaning scene, which made them form a strong contrast. Although the former is bitter and tired, there is still hope for them for the time being. As for the latter, it is completely broken duckweed, which is in jeopardy. The scenes, atmosphere, image and psychology shown by the two lenses are very good.
At the end of the poem is a comment, which is the same as many satirical poems by Bai Juyi. The discussion of this poem does not directly point to the root of social diseases, but shows my guilt, which is also a vague criticism of the whole bureaucratic aristocratic society. Bai Juyi is a 300-stone county marshal. Shouldn't those big bureaucrats and big noble feel more guilty? The emperor is in charge of taxation, and Bai Juyi can't openly oppose it. He can only use this ending to achieve the purpose of irony.
translate
Farmers rarely have free days, and every family is doubly busy in May.
Last night, a south wind blew, and the wheat was covered with long ditches and brown.
Women carry bamboo rice and small rice, and children carry crock pulp soup.
After going forward, I drove the noon bus to the field, and the boys were working hard in Nangang.
The country weather in summer makes my feet steaming, and my spine is baked like fire by the sun.
I am tired and don't feel hot, just cherish this long summer.
There are even poor women holding babies around.
Right hand to pick up the lost ears of wheat, left arm hanging a broken basket.
Listening to their conversation in a few words can not help but cause me infinite sadness:
Farmers paid all the taxes on the autumn harvest and picked up some ears of wheat to suppress the famine.
What are my advantages now? I have never been engaged in farming and sericulture.
There are 300 stones of rice every year, and there is surplus grain all the year round.
I'm ashamed to think of this, and I can't forget it all day!
[Edit this paragraph] Sentence solution
The Tian family has less leisure in the month, and people are twice as busy in May. In the evening, the south wind rises and the wheat turns yellow.
When farmers don't have much leisure all the year round, especially in the wheat harvest season in May, people are doubly busy. At night, a south wind blew, and the wheat on the ground was covered with fields and golden everywhere. The beginning of the poem explains the background. The words "less" and "times" are the eyes of poetry. The former shows the hard work of farmers all year round, while the latter reflects the exceptionally busy wheat harvest season. "Dragon", Tian Geng.
Mother-in-law is rich in food, and children are full of pot pulp. Go with Tian Xiang. Ding Zhuang is in Nangang.
Girls and daughters-in-law are carrying lunch boxes on their shoulders, and children are holding saucers and greeting each other to deliver meals to the fields, because those sturdy boys are harvesting wheat in Nangang. The first two sentences are intertextual, and the subjects of "eating lotus" and "raising pot pulp" are "aunt" and "childish" "Wood" is a round bamboo vessel used to hold rice in ancient times. "Pot pulp", with the soup in the pot. "Pay for the fields" and give food and drink to those who work in the fields.
Filled with the heat of the country, the back was scorched by the sun. I don't know about heat, but I cherish the long summer.
They bowed their heads and cut the wheat, and the hot and humid rustic water was transpiration under their feet, and the hot sun was shining on their backs. I'm exhausted, but I still can't care about the heat. I just want to cherish the long sunshine in early summer and do more work. Writing here, a scene of farmers' hard work has been strongly displayed. "I don't know the heat, but I regret the long summer" is a kind of abnormal psychology. Because of this, readers will wonder why there is such an abnormality.
There is another poor woman with her son in her arms. Grab the ear with your right hand and hang the basket with your left arm.
There is also a poor woman standing next to them with a child in her arms. She has some scattered ears of wheat in her right hand and a worn-out bamboo basket in her left arm. At this point, the perspective suddenly turned to the wheat picker, depicting a sad scene.
Listening to his words of concern is very sad. My family lost all taxes, so I can use this to satisfy my hunger.
Listening to what she said when she looked at everyone, everyone couldn't help but feel extremely sad about it. In order to pay taxes to the government, she has sold her land, and now she is only picking up these ears of wheat to fill her hungry stomach. The two scenes of "Wheat Harvest" and "Wheat Ear" are intertwined, with both differences and connections: the former reveals the hardships of farmers, while the latter reveals heavy taxes. Today's wheat gatherers are yesterday's wheat gatherers; Today's wheat harvesters may become tomorrow's wheat harvesters. Strong irony is self-evident.
Today, I have no merit, and I have never worked in farming and mulberry. There are three hundred stones in the land, and there is surplus food at the age of eight. I am ashamed to see this, and I can't forget it every day.
What merits and virtues do I have? Neither farming nor mulberry picking, but the salary for one year is actually 300 stones. By the end of the year, there is still surplus grain in the warehouse. Meditate on these things, feel even more ashamed in private, and even forget them all day.