1 Poetry Classification The Chinese nation is an ancient nation. China is an ancient oriental civilization with a long history. Chinese literature, with its special content, form and style, constitutes its own characteristics and is on the same track as other national literatures in the world. Poetry is one of the earliest art forms in Chinese literature, and it is also the most fully developed genre in Chinese literature. Ancient poetry is a wonder of China's literary heritage. Tracing the development of Chinese poetry has a long history. However, due to different themes of poetry, the thoughts and feelings expressed are different, and the expression techniques and lyrical methods will also be different. Therefore, in order to appreciate ancient poetry well, one must have a clear understanding of subject matter classification and be able to make accurate judgments on specific poems. 1. Love poems are poems with the theme of love (including mourning), also known as "love songs" and "poems of boudoir". Love poems have a long history since the Book of Songs. They mainly describe the admiration and love life of men and women, or express the feelings of parting and missing each other. Such as "Jianjia", "Far Far Away Altair", "Untitled" ("It's hard to see each other and it's also hard to say goodbye" Li Shangyin), "Magpie Bridge Immortal" ("The delicate clouds are clever" Qin Guan) and so on. 2. Satirical poems are poems that use satirical or persuasive techniques to expose the darkness of society and the bleakness of the world, and to express the voice of the people or upright people. They are also called "ironic poems" and sometimes "political satirical poems". Satirical poetry also has a long history and has never disappeared from the Book of Songs to modern times. Such as "Shuo Shu", "Cutting Sandalwood", "Bee" (Luo Yin of the Tang Dynasty), "Inscribed on Lin'an Residence" (Lin Sheng of the Southern Song Dynasty), "Drunk Taiping" ("Scorning those who are greedy for small profits", an unknown person in the Yuan Dynasty), etc. . Philosophical poetry is a kind of poetry that embodies or elaborates a certain philosophy by describing and discussing specific things. Some point out the theme, and some are subtle and make people think. Famous ones include Su Shi's "Inscriptions on the Wall of the Western Forest" and "Qin Poems", and Zhu Xi's "Reflections on Reading Books", etc. In addition, although some poems are not philosophical poems, some of them are full of philosophical lines (such as "There is no way out after mountains and rivers, and there is another village with dark willows and bright flowers", "The green mountains cannot cover it, after all, it flows eastward", etc.), so we should also pay attention to it. 3. Farewell poems are also one of the earliest and most common themes. They mainly express parting feelings and hatred, or are used to encourage and exhort, or to express deep friendship, or to express the sorrow of separation. Because farewell is often associated with mountain climbing and facing water, it is also called "landscape farewell poem". Such as "Farewell to Du Shaofu in Shuchuan" (Wang Bo), "Farewell to Meng Haoran in Guangling" (Li Bai), "Two Poems of Farewell to Dong Da" (Gao Shi), etc. 4. Travel poems are also called travel poems and travel poems. It may describe personal travel experiences, or express feelings of homesickness and nostalgia, combining narrative and lyricism. This type of poetry is inseparable from the description of landscapes, so it is also called "landscape poetry". This is slightly different from pure landscape poetry, which is mainly about "recording lyrical feelings". For example, Du Fu's "Sentiments on a Night Journey" and Ma Zhiyuan's "Autumn Thoughts" cannot be regarded as landscape poems. 5. Frontier poems are poems whose basic content is to describe the scenery of the frontier and reflect the life of the soldiers on the frontier. Famous frontier poets in the Tang Dynasty include Gao Shi, Cen Shen, Wang Changling, Wang Zhihuan, Li Qi, etc. Gao Shi's "Yan Ge Xing", Cen Shen's "Baixue Ge Sends Magistrate Wu Back to the Capital", Wang Zhihuan's "Liangzhou Ci", Wang Changling's "Out of the Fortress" and Fan Zhongyan's "The Proud of the Fisherman" ("The autumn scenery under the fortress is strange"). "), etc., are all well-known masterpieces. 6. Epic poems are poems that recite or comment on historical stories and historical figures as a way to express feelings and satirize current events. They usually narrate first and then discuss. There are also some poems that only describe comparisons without discussion, allowing readers to think. Among the poems with the theme of "Ode to History", Ban Gu's "Ode to History" and "Eight Poems in Ode to History" by Zuo Si of the Western Jin Dynasty are famous early masterpieces. Since then, it has continued to develop, and more epic poems have appeared, such as Zhang Jie's "Book Burning Pit", Li Shangyin's "Jia Sheng", Du Mu's "Ti Wujiang Pavilion" (Wang Anshi once opposed it), Wen Tingyun's "Five Essays on Classics" "Original" and so on, are all famous works. 7. Poems about things. This is poetry that expresses thoughts and feelings by chanting about natural or social things. Symbols and comparisons are common techniques. This type of poetry had appeared before the Qin and Han Dynasties, and after the Tang Dynasty, there were more and more excellent works. Such as Wang Wei's "Acacia" ("Red Beans Are Born in the South"), Li Bai's "Egret", Du Fu's "Returning Wild Geese", Lu You's "Bu Suanzi·Yong Mei", Yu Qian's "Lime Song", Wang Mian's "Ink Plum Blossoms" " and so on are all famous poems that use natural objects to express one's own aspirations. 8. Chanting poems. This is a poem with the theme of chanting personal ambitions and reflecting or satirizing society. Paraphrasing, symbolism, association, etc. are its main techniques. Poetry about feelings also originates from the Book of Songs and is one of the most important poems in ancient poetry. Such as Qu Yuan's "Li Sao" and "She Jiang", Li Bai's "The Journey Is Difficult" and "About to Enter the Wine", Chen Zi'ang's "Dengyouzhou Taige", Su Shi's "Ding Feng Bo·Encounter on the Shahu Road", Lu You's " "Book of Anger" and so on, are all touching masterpieces. 9. Nostalgic poems. Reminiscing about ancient relics creates associations and imaginations, arouses emotion and expresses one's feelings and ambitions. This type of poetry is nostalgic poetry. Nostalgia poems can be classified into the category of poems about the past, but they have unique characteristics; poems about the past are slightly different from poems about the past. Poems about the past are about expressing emotions and aspirations while visiting the historical sites of old places, while poems about the past do not need to go to the historical sites in person. You can write in it. Nostalgic poems such as Du Fu's "The Prime Minister of Shu", Liu Yuxi's "Woyi Alley" and "Stone City", Li Bai's "Ascend the Phoenix Tower of Jinling", Su Shi's "Niannujiao·Chibi Nostalgia", Xin Qiji's "Yongyu Le·Jingkou Beigu" Pavilion Nostalgic for the Past", Zhang Yanghao's "Shanshan Sheep·Tong Caring for the Past", etc., have left a lasting legacy.
10. Since readers are familiar with landscape poetry and pastoral poetry, we will not introduce them here. In addition, there are also poems on paintings, poems on palace resentment, and untitled poems.