Tao Yuanming is the greatest pastoral poet in the history of China literature and the originator of China's pastoral poetry. This is because of his thorough understanding of society, time and space, life and life and death; Because of his erudition and rich life practice; Especially because of his outstanding literary genius, in Bai Juyi's words, "I have always loved Tao Pengze, but I don't think highly of writing." His poems seem popular and clear, but they express high sentiment and profound philosophy. For example, Tao Yuanming wrote Five Poems of Returning to the Garden, one of which is:
I planted beans at the foot of Nanshan, and the weeds in the field were covered with peas.
Get up early in the morning to get rid of weeds, and come back with hoes in the moonlight at night.
The narrow path covered with vegetation, the night dew wet my clothes.
It's not a pity to get wet, but I hope it won't be against my will.
This poem is about children's songs, but it expresses Tao Yuanming's noble sentiments. He would rather go out early and return late, devote himself to ploughing and hoeing, rather than getting wet in the evening, remain humble in the countryside and not follow the corrupt officialdom. Because Tao Yuanming's poems are of great artistic value, people can't get tired of reading them for thousands of years and can't put them down.
Tao Yuanming's life is inextricably linked with wine, which is the demand and homesickness of his life. Tao Yuanming left us for almost 1600 years. In that era when material life was very poor, people lived a life of sunrise and sunset. Tao Yuanming, in particular, resigned from the officialdom of power struggle and intrigue and lived in seclusion in the countryside far away from the mountains. Only wine can relieve his troubles, make him happy and make him comfortable. Small cups are comfortable to drink, while large ones are comfortable to drink. When he is drunk, he will say, "I want to go to bed."
Wine is a magical drink, which not only has material properties, but also can quench thirst and satisfy hunger. It also has a spiritual attribute, which can act on people's central nervous system, regulate people's higher nervous activity, and affect people's spirit and mood. In Tao Yuanming's time, there were no spiritual stimulants such as tobacco and coffee, and people could only adjust their emotions with the help of wine.
Many of Tao Yuanming's representative works, such as Gui Xi Ci, Biography of Mr. Wuliu, Twenty Poems on Drinking, etc., have all expressed their nostalgia for drinking or drunk writing. The story of Tao Yuanming's love of wine is well known and has been sung through the ages. Tao Yuanming's drinking poems are beautiful, implicit and meaningful. Tao Yuanming's noble character, like his immortal poems, shines with wine. This paper attempts to interpret Tao Yuanming's wine poems and wine words with the most concise words. By describing Tao Yuanming's life background and his attachment to wine, he shows his noble integrity and great achievements in literary creation.
In the long river of history, how many twinkling stars have made different contributions to the development and prosperity of the Chinese nation, so they shine in people's memory either explicitly or implicitly. With the passage of time and the progress of history, some stars dim, disappear and are forgotten, and more new stars appear in the long river of history.
In the long river of history, some people were great when they were alive. After death, as time goes by, people gradually forget. Some people are ordinary or famous when they are alive. With the development of history, his fame is getting bigger and bigger, and his historical contribution is getting bigger and bigger. Tao Yuanming is such a great man. He is like a ruby and a night pearl. When he was alive, he didn't attract people's attention for a long time after his death. With the progress of history, several generations have gradually known him, wiped away the dust that buried him, and made him shine forever in the long river of history.
In 427 AD, Tao Yuanming passed away after 76 years of life. He was buried in the tomb of Tao Jiagong at the foot of Nanshan Mountain, at the foot of Mianyang Mountain at the junction of Jiujiang County and Xing Zi County in Jiangxi Province today. Today, Tao Yuanming's tomb is well preserved. The tombstone consists of three monuments, one big and two small. In the middle of the regular script, the "Tomb of Mr. Jingjie, Duke of Jin" is engraved with the epitaph on the left and the word "Qu Ci" on the right, which was written by pottery descendants in the first year of Qing Qianlong.
After Tao Yuanming's death, his best friend Yan Yanzhi wrote Zheng Tao Yi Tu for him, and named posthumous title "Quiet Festival". Yan Yanzhi praised Tao Yuanming's character and integrity in his obituary, but did not fully affirm his literary achievements. Tao Yuanming's position in the history of China literature has not been fully affirmed and recognized in the decades after his death.
Xiao Tong, Prince Zhaoming of Liang Dynasty, attached great importance to Tao Yuanming's poems and couldn't put it down. Xiao Tong personally compiled, prefaced and passed on Tao Yuanming. The Collection of Tao Yuanming is the first collection of literary works by scholars in the history of China literature, which is of great significance. Xiao Tong praised "his prose is not crowded, his words are brilliant, his ups and downs are obvious, he is superior to others, and his cadence is as bright as Beijing".
During the Southern Dynasties, Tao Yuanming's literary position was not recognized as it should be, but his poetry and prose works spread more and more widely and influenced more and more.
During the Sui and Tang Dynasties, more and more poets liked Tao Yuanming's poems and praised him more and more.
Wang Ji was an idyllic poet in the early Tang Dynasty. Like Tao Yuanming, he lived in seclusion in the countryside for many times, entertaining himself with Gin. His poem "Drunk" says:
Ruan Ji woke up less and less, and Tao Qian got drunk more and more.
A hundred years later, how full is it? A fun and long song.
Meng Haoran, an idyllic poet in Tang Dynasty, worshipped Tao Yuanming very much. He wrote in "Returning to Hannan to Send Old Beijing Tour in Midsummer":
Appreciating the Biography of Gaotu, Tao is the best, and his eyes are idyllic, so he calls himself Emperor Xi.
Li Bai admired Tao Yuanming's character and poetry. In the script to Zheng Liyang wrote:
Ling Tao gets drunk every day. I don't know five Liu Chun.
Su Qin has no strings and pours wine with a towel.
Under the breezy north window, I call myself Emperor Xi.
When I arrived at chestnuts, I met my whole life.
Li Bai's thought of "being able to urge the eyebrows to bend over and serve the powerful" is in the same strain as Tao Yuanming's spirit of "fighting for rice without bending over".
After the Anshi Rebellion, Du Fu lived a wandering life, taking Tao Yuanming as his confidant. He wrote in "To Yin Wei's Henan Husband":
Relaxation should be wine, not poetry.
This meaning is implicit, I will be born after you.
Bai Juyi, a poet in the middle Tang Dynasty, highly admired Tao Yuanming. In 8 15, Bai Juyi was demoted to Sima, Jiangzhou, which is close to Xunyang, Tao Yuanming's hometown. He visited Tao Yuanming's former residence and wrote the poem "Visiting Tao Gong's Former Residence". In the poem, "Dust and dirt don't pollute jade, and Feng Ling doesn't peck at fishy smell" is first used to praise Tao Yuanming's noble personality, and finally he wrote:
Chaisang ancient village, chestnut old mountains and rivers.
No chrysanthemums under the hedge, no smoke in the idle city.
Although the descendants are unknown, the clan has not moved.
Every time Tao surnamed, my heart still stays.
Bai Juyi is in the body of sixteen little Tao Qian. It says:
Sir, I've been gone for a long time, and I have a legacy of paper and ink.
Advise me to drink one cup after another, and there is nothing to say.
I come from the boss and admire him very much.
Others can't reach it, and the effect is drunk.
The ancient literati in China were addicted to alcohol, which was inseparable from the influence of Tao Yuanming. Bai Juyi's poem makes it very clear: "If you don't achieve anything else, you will get drunk."
In the Northern Song Dynasty, Tao Yuanming's position in the history of China literature was further consolidated and confirmed. Ouyang Xiu praised Qu Ci and said, "Jin has no articles, but Tao Yuanming has Qu Ci. Ouyang Xiu also said, "I love Tao Yuanming, wine and leisure. "Wang Anshi in the Northern Song Dynasty once said that Tao Yuanming's poem" Building a house is human, but there are no chariots and horses. Asking yourself what you can do is far from self-biased. " "There is no such sentence since the poet. However, at the end of the Yuan Dynasty and the beginning of the Ming Dynasty, he tended to be outside the group, and his ci was brilliant. Between Jin and Song Dynasties, it was gone forever. "
Su Dongpo said in "A Book with Su Zhe" that "I am not very good with poets, but there are not many good and profound poems, but their poems are qualitative and realistic, only comparable to Cao, Liu, Bao, Xie, Li and Du". It is unfair for Su Dongpo to put Tao poetry above Li Bai and Du Fu. However, he summed up the artistic style of Tao poetry with the words "substantial, rich and practical", which is still very accurate. Su Dongpo regarded Tao Yuanming as a mentor and friend all his life. He not only loves his poems, but also admires him as a person. In his later years, he said in the book with Su Zhe: "I am deeply ashamed of my profound knowledge and want to take the evening festival as a warning."
Because Ouyang Xiu, Wang Anshi and Su Dongpo occupied the supreme position in the literary world of the Northern Song Dynasty, their admiration for Tao Yuanming undoubtedly played a vital role in further determining his position in the history of China literature.
Xin Qiji, a patriotic poet in the Southern Song Dynasty, took Tao Yuanming as his confidant in the depression of serving the country with no door and hard ambition. The word "Shui Long Yin" says: "You have to believe that this Weng is not dead, and now he is angry." There are 626 words left by Xin Qiji, of which 60 are recited, mentioned, quoted by Wen Taotao explicitly and implicitly, and almost one word in every 10 is related to Tao Yuanming. Xin Qiji said in Nian Nu Jiao: "You must believe in picking chrysanthemums, and you will be happy for thousands of years. Only Tao Pengze." Gave Tao Yuanming the highest evaluation ever.
Yuan Dynasty, Ming Dynasty, Qing Dynasty and even modern times all followed the lofty evaluation of Tao Yuanming in Song Dynasty.
Tao Yuanming's immortal poems and great personality have influenced the thoughts and creations of several generations of literati such as Li Bai, Du Fu, Bai Juyi, Su Dongpo and Xin Qiji. He made inestimable contributions to the development and prosperity of China literature.
Tao Yuanming's poems focus on expressing emotions and aspirations. His language, seemingly simple, is actually wonderful. In plain and mellow poems, there are warm feelings and a strong flavor of life. Tao Yuanming's Five Poems of Returning to the Garden is a masterpiece or the best in pastoral poetry. Among them, "Less Five Suitable Custom Rhyme" was compiled into the Chinese textbook for middle school students. The lyricism of poetry is refreshing; The scenery of the poem is an eye-opener. Unforgettable after reading it. Whenever you read it, it is a wonderful enjoyment.
Less than five appropriate rhymes, sex autumn mountain.
I sneaked into the official career network and have been away from the game for more than ten years.
Birds in cages are often attached to the forests of the past, and fish in ponds yearn for the abyss of the past.
Land reclamation in the south and return to the countryside.
The house is surrounded by about ten acres of land, thatched cottages.
Willow trees cover the eaves, and peach trees cover Li Lieman in front of the hospital.
A warm and distant village, the smog in the Yi market.
Several dogs barked in the alley, and the mulberry tree was barked by a rooster.
There is no dust and sundries in the yard, and the quiet room is comfortable and leisurely.
Trapped in a cage without freedom for a long time, I finally returned to the forest today.
The great Tao Yuanming, whose poems will shine with the sun and the moon, will illuminate the development path of China literature.