The "Guidelines for Kindergarten Education" clearly requires that children be guided to contact excellent children's literature works and let them feel the richness and beauty of the language; Develop language comprehension ability. How to let children learn language as soon as possible and learn to communicate with people in beautiful language? I think teaching children poetry is a good shortcut. Using the diversity and richness of poetry teaching content, it provides rich aesthetic objects and exploration stimuli for children's aesthetic psychological construction. It is conducive to promoting the development of children's psychological functions such as aesthetic perception, aesthetic emotion and aesthetic creation.
Teachers can carry out teaching and research on poetry activities and explore the most suitable teaching methods for children according to the actual situation of children in this class. First of all, teachers' self-cultural literacy and self-understanding ability should be improved to a certain level. Teachers have the ability to control poetry activities, so they will naturally pay attention to poetry activities. Then from the aspect of material selection, choose poems that are close to children's lives, easy to understand and interesting. Starting with simple riddles, nursery rhymes and tongue twisters, children are interested in poetry, and then gradually transition to more in-depth children's poetry, prose poetry and so on.
Actively create a variety of poetry teaching atmosphere in kindergarten: you can play a lyric poem on the radio every day after lunch; Let children buy books about children's poems and put them in the reading corner for everyone to read; Arrange the theme wall about poetry; Carrying out related poetry observation activities is quite high in terms of teachers' teaching level and so on.
Second, break the traditional teaching and inject new vitality
Bruner believes that knowledge acquisition is an active process, learners should be active participants in knowledge acquisition, interest is the best internal driving force of learning, and it is the most realistic and active psychological part of learners' learning enthusiasm. Children are the subject of cognition, and their development is the result of active activities. In poetry teaching activities, we should break the traditional teaching mode, inject new vitality and use heuristic methods to liberate children from mechanical reading and reciting activities. Make full use of the characteristics of poetry to inspire children to think positively.
Boldly imagine and create to achieve the purpose of learning. Therefore, as long as children are fully allowed to see, think, speak, experience, discover and create, they will master the content of poetry better and faster, and at the same time gain the ability development beyond poetry, laying a good foundation for their lifelong sustainable development.
Third, use a variety of different teaching methods.
(A) the creation of different situations to learn poetry, specifically, there are the following methods:
1, look at pictures and learn poetry
People often say "poetic and picturesque", and they have something in common. With the help of pictures, children can easily understand poetry. Therefore, when teaching children to learn poetry, as long as they are good at guiding children to observe and look at pictures, expanding their imagination, and introducing and explaining poetry in an orderly manner, the effect is also very good.
2. Drawing and learning poetry
This method is the same as learning poetry by looking at pictures, which can integrate poetry and painting into children's language and painting education, so as to consolidate and deepen children's understanding of the poems they have learned. After the teacher has taught the children the poems they want to learn, let them imagine freely and draw a picture. When children draw like this, they will have more understanding and love for this poem.
3. Look at the natural scenery and learn poetry.
This can be said to be an intuitive teaching method. When learning these poems, let the children experience them personally, which can not only improve their interest in learning, but also master the poems under the inspiration and explanation of the teacher and learn them quickly. In this way, they not only learned poetry, but also cultivated their love for nature and their ability to observe things.
4. Tell stories and learn poetry
In order to let children better understand the content of poetry, telling stories to inspire their imagination and thinking is also a way to teach children to learn poetry.
Fifth, situational performance learning poetry
Teachers combine the content of poetry, let children understand it through corresponding action demonstrations and image explanations, and then let children master it through role performance or role reading. This method is fun and very popular with children.
(B) learning poetry with the aid of auxiliary tools
In poetry activities, teachers can make some small icons to help children learn poetry. Compared with the big picture, small icons are concise and abstract symbols, while compared with Chinese characters, small icons have the characteristics of visualization and understanding, and are the carrier of learning poetry between words and images. The "Outline" puts forward: "Teachers should pay attention to children's learning methods and processes, rather than the results of simple imitation acquisition in the past." Compared with children of the same age in the past, contemporary children have new development characteristics, more active thinking and easier to initiate active learning. It is a good way to teach poetry with small icons, which can help children better understand and learn poetry. It has a great effect:
First of all, using small icons helps children understand and remember. Children's language learning is a process of storing and using information. Arrange the icons according to the content of the poem. Although children don't know words, they understand the content of poetry from the form of icon presentation, which helps them remember the content of poetry.
Secondly, it helps children to understand the sentence patterns and structures of poetry. The internal structure of poetry and the arrangement of sentence patterns are hidden factors, and the small icons in the image can concretize and visualize these intangible and abstract factors and make them easy for children to understand.
In addition, it helps children to express their works effectively. Expressing on the basis of understanding poetry is one of the goals of poetry learning. Small icons can help children express themselves effectively. In poetry teaching, children often can't remember clearly, and it is difficult to master the essentials of reading only by the teacher telling them. However, if icons are added to poems, children can naturally distinguish between rising and falling and fast and slow when reciting. In this way, the small icon has become a "baton" to help language expression in the activity.
Finally, it helps children to learn actively. Small icons are not only teaching AIDS for teachers, but also learning tools for children. The child has a small icon in his hand. You can be familiar with poetry through your own operation, satisfy your desire to speak through talking with people, and improve your language expression ability and enthusiasm for self-study.
(3) Learning poetry through music.
Music is an indispensable part of human life. Beethoven said, "Music should inspire the human spirit." Xian Xinghai, a famous composer in China, said: "Music is the greatest happiness of life, the clear spring of life and the melting pot of temperament." Music can convey feelings and has the functions of inspiring spirit, stimulating fighting spirit, increasing knowledge, developing intelligence and cultivating sentiment. And children like music very much. They listened to a rhythmic concert and danced to the beat. When handing a profound ancient poem to children, we can combine musical activities, add beautiful music to the poem, and add some simple rhythmic movements to let children learn poetry through music. Nowadays, many art kindergartens carry out music activities, and there are also many such poetry reading activities. In fact, it is a process of learning poetry.
Fourth, pay attention to the appreciation of poetry and cultivate children's aesthetics.
The language of poetry is full of musicality, and poetry pays special attention to rhythm. In the teaching of new poetry, we often pay attention to guiding children to understand some sentences that we think are important and difficult, thinking that the analysis and interpretation of these sentences will be beneficial to children's understanding of poetry, but the result is that it destroys the "musical beauty" and "architectural beauty" of poetry, and also destroys the artistic conception and rhythmic beauty of children's subjective experience as an aesthete. In the end, a masterpiece of poetry with good content and form will only make children gain a few words. Teachers can choose some simple and vivid poems according to children's age characteristics to appreciate the whole poem, so that children can feel and experience it in the process of appreciation; To ponder in recitation, to taste the artistic conception of poetry, so that they can get more gains in the learning process of new poetry. Guiding children to discover beauty can not only enable them to learn knowledge, receive moral and aesthetic education and cultivate their interest in literary works, but also be beneficial to their early intellectual development.