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Dragon Boat Festival is a traditional festival with rich folk customs. The custom of rowing dragon boats, eating zongzi and hanging Pu 'ai has lasted for more than two thousand years and has been deeply integrated into people's daily life. Scholars often praise it.
Zhang Jianfeng (735-800), a poet in the Tang Dynasty, was born in Yanzhou (present-day Shandong), with outstanding talent and outstanding military achievements. In the early years of Dezong Jianzhong (780), he served as the secretariat of Yuezhou (now Yueyang, Hunan). He wrote the most vivid Song of Race Crossing:
On May 5, it was sunny and Huayang sang Xiaoying by the river.
Before your majesty left Xianzhai, the river had already heard harmony.
The monarch came out, and the horse was led away by the red flag.
The clothes on both sides smell fragrant, and the silver hairpin shines on the frost blade.
The drums sounded three times and the red flag opened, and two dragons jumped out of the water.
Shadow waves fly to Wan Jian, and drum waves sound like thunder.
The drums are getting closer and closer, and the eyes of the two dragons are like an instant.
The people on the slope were shocked by the thunder, and the rainbow on the telephone pole was dizzy.
The front ship hits the water and the rear ship hits the wave radius.
In the first world war, the pain is undecided, and the hearts of friends who have lost their shores are burning.
Only the winners and losers will be rewarded, and the two sides will make five rounds.
Take care of everything for a while, take off your tattoo and ask for books for a while.
Now that I have observed the game closely, why should we argue?
Don't think about it, have a rest, and it's time to destroy the car!
This poem describes the dragon boat race in the Tang Dynasty. According to the idea of "lively scene-game scene-fighting scene-author's impression", the game scene is vividly portrayed. The competition is presided over by the government, and the winner is rewarded and the loser is punished, so there are also fights in the competition. It is worth noting that the sentence "Please take off the tattoo on the book" means that just after playing a good game, the loser refuses to accept it, and both sides take off their shirts to show their tattooed bodies and demand a showdown. Explain that in the Tang Dynasty, there was also the custom of "tattooing".
In the poems chanting Dragon Boat Festival, many of them praise and miss Qu Yuan. Wen Xiu, a poet in the Tang Dynasty (a monk in the south of the Yangtze River, a poet in the late Tang Dynasty) wrote in the poem Dragon Boat Festival:
Who speaks for the Dragon Boat Festival? It was rumored a long time ago that Qu Yuan.
I can laugh at the emptiness of the Chu River, but I can't wash it straight.
This poem is unfair to Qu Yuan and mercilessly lashes out at the treacherous court official, the bad king. Noble and clean is a wonderful work in the Dragon Boat Festival poetry.
Liu Yuxi (772-842), a poet in the Tang Dynasty, is as famous as Bai Juyi, who called him "Bai Liu" and Bai Juyi called him "the poet". His poems are good at letting nature take its course, expressing ideas, criticizing current disadvantages and expressing feelings. Its "Kyoto Song" cloud:
In May, the Yuanjiang River flows horizontally on the embankment, and people in the city will float colorful boats.
The spirit sang for a long time, and the lamentation shook from then on.
Young fork strikes thunder, thunder, turbulence and sound collapse.
The dragon trembled in the rain. Drink the river together.
The secretariat is in a state of change. It is revealed that nobles are divided into men and women.
First, Yu Yong fought for encouragement, but the color of the champion did not fall.
Yum has its own early stage, and there is no fixed place to fly.
Customs are as heavy as madness. At this time, we can see the beauty of clouds and rivers.
Colorful flags are planted on the shore to illuminate the dumplings, and Luo Wa and Ling Bo are playing in the water.
At the end of the song, people are scattered and worried about dusk.
This song "Crossing the Crossing" tells the story of a dragon boat race in Yuanjiang, Hunan. Under the auspices of the secretariat (the official name of the Tang Dynasty, the head of state administration), the dragon boats of each team decided to win or lose. The winner rejoices and the loser is depressed. After the game, women played in the water and the colorful flags on the shore set each other off, adding infinite interest to the festival. At the end of the poem, the lively scene of the dragon boat race turned into the melancholy caused by Qu Yuan's incident. "At the end of the song, people were scattered in the air, worried about dusk, and invited Qu Ting to remember the waterwheel."
Mei (1002— 1060) was a writer and poet in the northern song dynasty. Yu Sheng was born in Xuancheng (now Anhui). Because Xuancheng was called Wanling in ancient times, the deceased called it Mr. Mei Wanling, and he was not very proud of his career. In the Northern Song Dynasty, he was as famous as Ouyang Xiu and Su Shunqin, and was also called "Mei Ou" or "Samui". His poem "May 5th" says:
Qu Shi has sunk to death, and the Chu people can't bear it.
Why not slander, but want to be a dragon?
Hate before death, not after death.
Yuan Xiang Bi Tan Shui wants to see the striker.
The poet was deeply wronged by Qu Yuan's injustice, and at the same time highly affirmed Qu Yuan's noble character. "Yuanxiang Bitan Lake depends on its own peaks." Vivid and ambitious. This poem adds a touch of sadness to the festival.
Zhang Lei (1054—114), whose real name is Qian Wen, was a poet of the Northern Song Dynasty, Keshan, and one of the four bachelor's students in Su Men. His style of writing originated from Su San, and he advocated paying equal attention to arts and sciences, being simple and popular. His poem Dragon Boat Festival is:
The race has been deeply saddened for thousands of years, and the loyal soul can return after it has gone.
The country died today, leaving only Li Sao in the world.
The poet watches the game here, mourns the loyal soul, reads Li Sao, mourns Qu Yuan, and feels sad.
Drinking Dragon Boat Festival wine is also reflected in the poems chanting Dragon Boat Festival. Fan Chengda (1126—1193), a famous poet in the Song Dynasty, was born in Suzhou, and his Song of Zhi Zhu is the most popular;
On May 5, the smog opened, and it seemed that the south gate was vying for a boat.
Yunan wine is strong and cheap, and every family is intoxicating.
This poem reflects the custom of the Dragon Boat Festival of the Three Gorges people. Watch the Yangtze River Dragon Boat Race in the morning, have a toothache at noon, and drink Mi Chun, a famous local wine starter in Yunyang. Every family is so intoxicated because of the happy festival. Yun 'an is now Yunyang County, Chongqing. Qumi, that is, Qumi spring wine.