About the origin of the Berlin Wall, we have to start with 1945.
Defeated Germany is like a fish in a knife, being slaughtered by others. Divide the land and pay compensation to further the territory? Shrinkage? For example, the hometown of the German nation for thousands of years, the capital of East Prussia? Ginsburg, transformed into Kaliningrad, became a sacred and inalienable territory of Russia.
Germany and the capital Berlin were defeated? The Soviet Union, the United States, Britain and France are divided into four regions. 1949, the German Democratic Republic was established in the Soviet-occupied area, with East Berlin as its capital; The occupied areas of the United States, Britain and France established the Federal Republic of Germany (hereinafter referred to as West Germany or the Federal Republic of Germany), with Bonn as the capital. Divided Berlin has become the front line of East-West confrontation.
The saddest thing is West Berlin. Berlin itself is in the Soviet-occupied area, so West Berlin, which belongs to the west, is completely surrounded by East Germany. Initially, as long as the documents were complete, people and materials could flow freely between East and West Berlin. In general, West Berlin can be completely supplemented by land transportation and water transportation (spree river), and its quality of life is obviously higher than that of East Berlin.
However, with the intensification of the Cold War, the Soviet Union blocked Berlin twice by taking advantage of its geographical advantages, and did not allow the movement of materials and personnel. This is the Berlin crisis.
The move was immediate. After all, as soon as the Soviet Union blocked the land border, the supply of West Berlin could only be completely transported by air, and the cost was too high to be sustained.
Next, the first Berlin crisis (1June 24, 948? During the period 1949 May 12), a warm story happened. Uncle chocolate? Captain Haverson, the pilot, is in the hearts of children? Santa Claus? Candy, chocolate and various desserts will fall from the sky with a flick of the wing of his C-54 transport plane.
In the last two Berlin crises, under the pressure and inducement of the United States and western society, the Soviet Union made some concessions and finally lifted the blockade.
However, 196 1 year, the third Berlin crisis broke out. On the surface, the fuse was that the Soviet Union once again demanded the withdrawal of western troops from West Berlin. Now think about it. 1945 From April to May, the Soviet Union paid the price of 300,000 casualties and planted a red flag in the Parliament Building in Berlin. Therefore, the United States and other western countries generously entered Berlin to share the fruits of their own victory with blood. After that, I have been doing things in the opposite direction, and I want to further subvert my sphere of influence. My heart must be on fire.
More realistically, with the support of Marshall Plan and various western countries, plus various subjective and objective reasons, although West Berlin is far away from West Germany, its development speed is synchronized with West Germany, and its economic situation is excellent. Ordinary people's living standards, jobs and educational opportunities are far away from East Germany, plus the influence of various propaganda methods of West Germany and Western camps. Therefore, East Germans who yearn for a better life often go to West Germany via West Berlin. Many of them are professionals, intellectuals, famous media people and even Miss Universe. Of course, most of them are ordinary people who want to eat enough.
(Below, the 10th Miss Universe, Marlene deidre? Schmidt is a typical example of running from East Berlin to West Germany? From Yee in East Germany to West Berlin, and then to Stuttgart in West Germany. )
According to statistics, from 1949 to 196 1 year, about 2.5 million people fled to West Germany, most of whom fled from West Berlin, and most of them were the main undertakers of social production. Considering that East Germany has a population of160,000, if we continue to escape like this, East Germany will be there in a few years. No man's land? Yes
Moreover, some West Germans also bought a large number of low-priced goods subsidized by the East German government in East Berlin, and used the exchange rate difference to make overall plans for purchasing materials. In the long run, East Germany's economy is unbearable.
In addition, this time, the talks between the Soviet Union and the West collapsed, but after two advances, they chose to lift the blockade silently, which was very humiliating. After all, the Soviet Union is a nuclear power at this time, even a little ahead of the United States in the aerospace field, and it still has some confidence.
Therefore, the Soviet authorities made a decision to let East German leader Walter? Ubud Park Jung Su applied to build the Soviet Union and East Germany together? Protect the socialist barrier and resist capitalist invasion. "The purpose is to prevent potential threats of aggression from the West and prevent Western spies from infiltrating into the Eastern Group.
1961August 13, the border between the German Democratic Republic and West Berlin was closed. Later, a reinforced concrete wall covered with barbed wire separated the city, with a total length of 155 km.