Original text:
Invite for a drink
Tang Dynasty: Li Bai
Have you seen how the water of the Yellow River flows from the sky to the sea and never returns?
Have you seen the lovely hair in the bright mirror in the high room? Although it is silky black in the morning, it turns into snow at night?
Oh, let a man with spirit take risks where he wants to go, and never point his golden cup at the moon empty! .
Since God has given talents, let them be used! As for the money, although it is scattered, it will get together again.
Cook a sheep, kill a cow, sharpen your appetite, and let me, 300 bowls, take a big drink! .
Master Cen, Dan Qiusheng can drink and drink endlessly.
Let me sing you a song! Please listen to me. (ears open)
What are bells and drums, delicacies and treasures? Let me get drunk forever and never be rational! . (Less expensive: He Zugui; Don't want to wake up: never wake up)
Ancient sober people and sages were forgotten, and only great drinkers can be immortalized. (an ancient work: since ancient times; Pass only: only)
Chen bought a barrel of wine with 10 thousand gold coins at a banquet in the temple, and everyone laughed and said one-liners
Why do you say, my master, your money is gone? , to buy wine, we drink together! .
A swift horse with five flowers and a golden autumn, give them to the boy in exchange for wine and share eternal sadness with you.
Translation:
Don't you see? The water of the Yellow River seems to fall from the sky, and the waves roll straight into the East China Sea, never to return.
Didn't you see, looking in the mirror in the high hall, sighing deeply at the white hair? It's still green in the morning, but it becomes like snow at night.
When you are proud of your life, you should enjoy the joy to the fullest, and don't empty the golden cup for the bright moon.
God created my talent, which will be useful, and I can get it again after Huang Jinhua's death.
And take cooking mutton and slaughtering cattle as a pleasure, and if necessary, drink 300 cups happily.
Cenxun, Yuan Danqiu, drink quickly and don't stop.
I'll sing you a song. Please listen carefully.
The luxurious life of delicacies is not precious. I just wish I could lead a drunken life, not wake up.
Since ancient times, sages have been lonely, and those who can drink can leave a good reputation.
At that time, Wang Chen Cao Zhi hosted a banquet to entertain optimistic people, drinking expensive wine and having fun.
Why do you say I don't have much money Just use this money to buy drinks.
Precious five flowers and good horses, expensive gold leather clothes, ask the waiter to change them all into wine, and let's eliminate this endless trouble together!
Precautions:
Will enter the wine: the song of persuading wine belongs to the old topic of Yuefu. Will (qiāng): Please. Have you noticed: a common boast in Yuefu. Falling from the sky: The Yellow River originated in Qinghai, hence its name because of its extremely high terrain.
Gaotang: A tall hall. I am talking about my parents. Qingsi: Black hair.
Pride: When you are happy. Jinzun: A container for wine in ancient China.
Will need: just should.
Master Cen: Cen Xun. Shan Qiusheng: Yuan Danqiu. They are both friends of Li Bai. Keep drinking: a song "Keep drinking".
Jun: Here you are, here you are. Jun refers to Cen and Yuan. Listen attentively: First, listen attentively.
Bell and drum: an instrument used to play music at banquets of wealthy families. Jade: Describe food as beautiful as jade. Unwilling to wake up: There are also versions of "No need to wake up" or "No longer wake up".
Refers to Chen, Cao Zhi. Pingle: Guan Ming. Outside the west gate of Luoyang, it is an entertainment place for the rich and powerful in the Han Dynasty. Arbitrariness: Indulge in arbitrariness. Joke: Play.
Moderator: It refers to the person who entertained Li Bai, Yuan Danqiu. Less money: a work of "less money" Shu Jing: It's simple. Take care. Sell: buy.
Gallnut: refers to a precious horse. When it comes to the color of the coat, there are five patterns. When it comes to the long hair on the neck, it is trimmed into five petals. Qiu: Leather clothes. Joel: You. Pin: same as "cancel".
Appreciate:
"Into the wine" was originally the tune of piccolo and cymbals in Han Yuefu. The title means "the song of drinking", and the content is mostly singing, drinking and singing. This poem is a guest of the poet and his friend CenXun, another old friend of Yuan Danqiu in Songshan, who lives in Angelababy Mountain. The author is in the frustration of his official career, so he uses wine to express this poem heartily. In this poem, Li Bai "makes use of the topic" to drown his sorrows by drinking, lamenting that life is easy to get old and expressing his feelings of incompetence.
This poem vividly embodies Li Bai's unruly character: full of self-confidence, arrogance and enthusiasm. "Since God has given talents, let them find jobs!" And "Oh, let a man with spirit take risks where he likes". The whole poem is full of heroic momentum, bold feelings, fluent words and strong appeal. Li Bai's wine poems can best reflect his personality, profound ideological content and mature artistic expression. Into the Wine is his masterpiece.
At the beginning of the poem are two parallel long sentences, such as rushing to the reader with the wind and rain. "Didn't you see how the water of the Yellow River moved out of heaven and into the ocean, never to return?" Angelababy is not far from the Yellow River, so it is interesting to climb high. The Yellow River has a long history and a great gap, such as falling from the sky, spilling thousands of miles and entering the sea eastward. Such a magnificent phenomenon must be invisible to the naked eye. The author is fictional and exaggerated. The last sentence says that the coming of the big river is unstoppable; The next sentence says that the river is gone and irreversible. One rises and the other disappears, which constitutes a breath, which is not available in short sentences (such as "The Yellow River falls into the sky and returns to the East China Sea"). Then, "Don't you see how lovely it is locked in a bright mirror in a high room, although the silky black turns into snow in the morning and at night" is like a turbulent wave. If the first two sentences exaggerate the space category, they exaggerate the time category. Sigh that life is short, but don't speak frankly, just say "how cute Gao Tingming's mirror lock is", with an air of scratching his head and looking at the shadow, just like painting. Describing the whole process of life from youth to old age as an "early" and "late" event is a kind of "reverse" exaggeration, which makes the original short-lived thing shorter than the original magnificent thing in the first two sentences. At the beginning, "the river is gone forever, which means that life is fleeting", and "the greatness and eternity of the Yellow River show the smallness and fragility of life". This beginning is extremely sad, but it is not delicate. It can be said that it is a giant sadness with thrilling artistic power, and it is also caused by the sense of momentum at the beginning of long sentences. The author often uses this opening method, such as "I have to throw Bolt and me away since yesterday;": Today it hurts my heart even more "("A farewell letter to Xie Tiao Tower in Xuancheng "), Shen Deqian said:" This body is too white and self-centered ",which shows that it is quite original. This poem is a call for "I can't see you" (generally Yuefu poems are only used occasionally at the beginning or end of the article), which greatly increases the emotional color of the poem. The so-called big opening and closing, this can be described as a big opening.
"Oh, let a man with spirit take risks where he likes" seems to advocate the idea of "eat, drink and be merry", but it is only a phenomenon. Has the poet ever been "proud"? "The phoenix is purple mud at the beginning, and the emperor calls it a royal banquet" ("Yu Hu Yin") seems to be proud; However, this is just an illusion. "Feng will return home, there is no fish to eat, Zhou Bubuqu, only to meet the nobles" ("Three Difficult Poems II") does not seem to be proud, somewhat disappointed and indignant, but they are not depressed. The poet then affirmed his life and himself in an optimistic and strong tone: "Since God has given talents, let them be used!" This is a good sentence that makes people applaud. "Useful" and "necessary" are very confident, just like a declaration of human values, and this person "I" needs to be capitalized. Therefore, from the seemingly negative phenomenon, a positive attitude of wanting to join the WTO is revealed. What should be sung loudly for such a future is "I will ride the wind and waves one day". Spending money is nothing!
Spin a thousand silver coins and come back! ! This is another amazing word of high self-confidence, which can drive money instead of being made by money, enough to make all ordinary people stunned. Poetry is like a man, thinking that the poet "traveled thousands of miles to the east and scattered more than 300 thousand in less than one year" ("History of Shang 'an Peichang") is a heroic move. Therefore, this sentence is a deep pride in the bones, and it is by no means that a poseur can get one tenth. The author uses this style to describe a grand banquet, which is by no means "do you want one dish or two dishes?" "Do you want a pot of wine, two pots?" But to "cook sheep and kill cattle" from the beginning, and never stop until you drink "300 cups". What a feast, what a magnificent poem! At this time, wild feelings tend to climax and the melody of poetry accelerates. "Master Cen, Dan Qiusheng can drink, don't stop drinking!" The sudden addition of several short sentences not only makes the rhythm of poetry varied, but also makes us seem to hear the poet frequently advise wine at the dinner table. He is not only a bosom friend, but also a drinking opponent. Not only "get carried away", the poet even forgot that he was writing a poem, as if he had fallen into life. He also thought, "Let me sing you a song! Please listen to me. " The following eight sentences are songs in the poem, which are purely ingenious.
"Zhong Gu Yu" means a rich life (when the rich eat, the bell rings and the food is exquisite as jade), but the poet thinks it is "not expensive enough" and declares that "I hope I will never wake up after being drunk". At this point, poetry has obviously changed from wild to angry. There are not only drunken ravings, but also drunken confessions. With "I" as a natural and useful talent, I should be in an important position and be proud of the spring breeze, but "the road is as wide as the sky, and there is no way out in front of me" ("Three Difficult Songs", the second part). To say that wealth is "not expensive enough" is out of indignation. The following words "It has existed since ancient times, and sages get carried away" are also angry words. The poet once lamented that "I don't care who Ge is talking about" and said that the ancients were "lonely", but they actually showed their own "loneliness", so they should not be drunk for a long time. Here, the poet watered his brick base with ancient wine glasses. When it comes to "only drinkers leave their names", he is represented by "Wang Chen" Cao Zhi. And with his "famous name", he said, "Go back to the banquet to have fun, and the wine fights ten thousand people." There were many people who drank in ancient times. Why he chose "Wang Chen" was inseparable from Li Bai's conceit. In his mind, Xie An and other senior figures set an example, and among these figures, "Wang Chen" Cao Zhi is more associated with wine. This style of writing is consistent with the extremely confident tone mentioned above. Moreover, Cao Zhi, the "Chen Wang", was highly suspected in Cao Pi and Cao Rui dynasties, and his ambition was difficult to show, which also aroused the sympathy of the poet. Mention "ancient sages" and "Wang Chen" Cao Zhi, full of grievances. At first glance, this poem seems to involve only the feelings of life, and does not touch the political color. In fact, the whole article is full of a deep and extensive sense of anxiety and self-belief. The reason why poetry is sad but not hurt, sad and strong is that it is rooted here.
I just showed a little affection, and then I went back to the wine, as if it were higher. The following poems are wild again, becoming more and more crazy. "Master, why do you say your money is missing?" It not only takes care of the phrase "1000 yuan has been spent", but also pretends to be ups and downs, which leads to the final rhetoric: even if 1000 yuan has been spent, it will not hesitate to exchange precious treasures "five-flowered horse" (a good horse with five patterns of fur) and "thousands of gold fur" (an expensive leather coat) for getting drunk. The beauty of this ending lies not only in "Tiger" and "Jade", but also in a big tune; Moreover, it has an arbitrary mood that the author may not be aware of at the moment. You know, poets are just guests invited to drink by friends. At the moment, he is sitting in a high seat, bossing around and proposing to go out, which makes people wonder who is the "master". It is very romantic. Speak quickly, unless you are bold and considerate, you can't do this. Poetry is so wild at this point that it makes people cry. When you sing, you should "dance". Love is not over, poetry is over. Suddenly, another sentence "I will always sell my sadness" is related to the beginning "sadness", and the meaning of "forever sadness" is more profound. At the end of this "white clouds floating from the air and disappearing with the wind", it is obvious that the poet is surging and ups and downs. Throughout the whole article, it is really ups and downs, and it must be like a giant pen.
"Into the Wine" is not long, but it is full of five tones and extraordinary weather. It is full of pen and ink, sad and angry, wild and uninhibited, and its language is extremely bold and calm. The whole article has the momentum and strength to shake the past and the present, which is undoubtedly related to exaggeration. For example, huge numbers are repeatedly used in the poem ("1000 dollars", "300 cups", "1000 cups of wine", "1000 dollars of gold" and "eternal sorrow", etc.). ) to express the hero's poetry. At the same time, it will not give people the feeling of emptiness and exaggeration. Its root lies in its rich and profound inner feelings, and the potential wine words are as follows. In addition, the whole article is full of ups and downs, and poetry suddenly unfolds, from sadness to joy, to madness, to anger, to madness, and finally to the song of everlasting regret, echoing the beginning of the article, such as the river running, magnificent, full of twists and turns, which can carry the tripod. His songs are full of pregnant writing, ingenious and wonderful, which is neither easy to learn nor easy to achieve. The whole article is mainly composed of seven words, but it is interrupted by three or five words, which is extremely unbalanced and complicated; Poetry is mainly prose, but it is also interspersed with short sentences (such as "Cenfuzi, Dan Qiusheng", "Five Flowers Horse, Golden Ball Ball"), with changeable rhythm, unrestrained and difficult to flow. "Tang Poetry" says that "those who read Li's poems are far away from the gods in large and medium-sized schools, and they are immortal." This article is enough.
First, the overall grasp
This poem can be divided into three parts.
The first part (from the beginning to "spinning a thousand pieces of silver, all come back!" ) write that life is short, eat, drink and be merry in time, but also show confidence in your ideals and career. At the beginning of the work, I lamented the passage of time, which will never return, and people will soon become old from young. Because time flies and life is fleeting, so don't live up to the beautiful scenery. If you are interested, you can drink and have fun in time. But the pen turned, "Since God has given talents, let them be employed!"! , spin one thousand silver, all come back! Although this is the poet's consolation, it is not difficult to see that on the one hand, the poet is unwilling to waste his short life on this kind of instant gratification, and he believes that he will make a difference in the future.
The second part (from "Boiling Sheep, Killing Cattle, Suspicing People's Appetite" to "Only a Drunken Will Be Named through the Ages") is a carnival song, but at the same time it shows a cynical spirit that does not seek fame and fortune. "What are bells and drums, delicacies and treasures? Let me get drunk forever and never be rational! . Ancient sober people and saints have been forgotten, and only great drinkers can be immortalized. " The previous sentence shows that poets do not admire wealth and despise fame and fortune; The latter sentence compares "ancient sages" with "drinkers", further negates fame and fortune, and shows a spirit of "floating clouds are rich and dirty princes" in binge drinking.
The third part (from "the price paid by Prince Chen in completing a banquet in the palace" to the end of the article) writes that I want to drink as much as possible to dispel my troubles and show my anguish in the dark reality. The poet's mood and spirit of buying wine and drinking at all costs can better show his inner sadness. The poet ended the whole article with a word "sorrow", which more effectively highlighted the theme of the work.
(2) two allusions:
1, cook a sheep, kill a cow, and keep your appetite in suspense. (Language version of Cao Zhi's "Ya")
2. Prince Chen gave a banquet in the Hall of Completion. (Excerpted from "Du Mingfu" by Cao Zhi)
(3) Three main mentalities:
1 shows the poet's confidence in the future full of infinite hope. Since God has given talents, let them find jobs! , spin one thousand silver, all come back! )
It shows that life is too short to eat, drink and be merry in time. Oh, let a man with spirit take risks where he likes, and never point his golden cup at the moon! )
3. Express the poet's contempt for powerful people and express his resentment and injustice as much as possible. What are bells and drums, delicacies and treasures? I hope I'm drunk and never wake up.)
Second, appreciation of famous sentences.
Famous sentence 1: You can't see how the water of the Yellow River moves out of heaven and into the ocean, which is gone forever; Have you seen the lovely hair in the bright mirror in the high room? Although it is silky black in the morning, it turns into snow at night?
Appreciation: "You don't see how the Yellow River water moves out of the sky into the ocean and never returns" is not original by Li Bai. The Analects of Confucius, which came out as early as the Spring and Autumn Period, has a record of "Zi Yue Chuan: the deceased is like a husband, not giving up day and night"; There is a poem in "Long Songs of Han Yuefu": "When will a hundred rivers enter the sea and return to the West?" If you don't work hard, the boss is sad alone. "Warn the world: Time is fleeting, it is difficult to turn back, and don't let time pay for it.
Famous sentence 2: Since God has given talents, let them find jobs! , spin one thousand silver, all come back!
Appreciation: this is a comforting word for many people who are frustrated in their careers in later generations. But in the Tang Dynasty, Li Baichu entered Chang 'an, and he was really full of confidence in his future.
Li Bai wrote "Difficult to Go" in 744 AD, that is, when Tang Xuanzong paid back the money. At that time, "money" was not "used up". Although there is a sense of loss, the fantasy of "raising my muddy sails and building a bridge under the deep sea" is still clearly discernible. Eight years later, in 752 AD, when Li Bai wrote "Into the Wine", the dream of "and set my cloudy sail straight and bridge the deep, deep sea" had been shattered. The so-called "God-given talent, let it be used!" In fact, it has not been reused, and the so-called "spinning a thousand pieces of silver, all back!" Actually didn't come.
It can be seen that "since God has given talents, let them find jobs!" , spin a thousand silver, all come back! " Generous on the surface, sad on the inside.
Famous sentence 3: What are bells and drums, delicacies and treasures? I hope I will never wake up after being drunk for a long time.
Appreciation: These two poems reflect the author's outlook on life and values. "Bell and drum" was originally a musical instrument, which means beating drums for fun here, and "jade" means exquisite food. It means that the rich and well-fed dignitaries are addicted to the life of debauchery. Li Bai does not envy the life of dignitaries, but actually despises them, which is the most precious character of literati in feudal society.
As you can imagine, how sad it is for a unhappy person to try to solve his own troubles but fail to do so! On the surface, I drink heartily, but I'm worried that the arrow will go through my heart. This is Li Bai in Into the Wine!
Third, emotional appreciation.
In this poem, the poet's feelings develop rapidly and can be divided into four levels:
(1) sentimental: such as "not seeing you".
(b) A feeling of happiness: for example, "Oh, let a man with spirit take an adventure where he likes-let me, three hundred bowls, one mouthful!" .
(c) Anger: For example, "What are bells and drums, delicacies and treasures? -10,000 coins for a barrel of wine, with a lot of laughter and irony. "
(d) Wild feelings, such as "Why do you say, my master, your money is gone? -share eternal sadness with you. "
Write sadness in the first four sentences.
As soon as I put pen to paper, I wrote the Yellow River, which means generosity and sadness. This is extraordinary. The poet wrote about the Yellow River, showing its majesty and momentum. The poet seemed to be standing on the top of a mountain, and he visited its Wan Li process in an instant. Because of the sigh of "gone forever", although it also wrote the great courage of the Yellow River, the tone was sad.
Life is written in the following six sentences.
Although the poet is not "proud" politically, in his view, the gathering between friends is also a great pleasure in life. Why don't you have a happy drink? The poet's joy is real and noble, which is different from ordinary people who just want to get drunk, because he gives a legitimate reason for "having fun".
"Bell and Drum" writes the following six sentences about anger.
At the beginning of the banquet, the poet raised his glass to persuade him to drink, and his mood suddenly turned from joy to anger, because he wanted to vent his long-term grievances. He despises those wealthy groups that form small groups for personal gain and exclude talents, so he says, "What are bells and drums, delicacies and treasures?" ; He hated the dark and despicable behavior of these people, so he said, "I hope I will never wake up after I get drunk"-these two poems can be said to have concentrated his anger since he left Chang 'an.
Write wild feelings at the end of the sentence "master"
The poet on this floor "changes all expensive things into wine", which is really crazy. This is credible, because "spinning a thousand pieces of silver, it's all back!" As mentioned above. This kind of wildness is essentially the concentrated expression of the poet's sadness, joy and anger.
Fourthly, Li Bai and wine.
Li Bai was frustrated all his life, and it was his helpless choice to drown his sorrows by drinking, eat, drink and be merry in time. Drink to drown his sorrows, write poems with wine, and express his depression generously. Wine has become a part of his life.
Alcoholism reflects Li Bai's bumpy life. Throughout Li Bai's life, teenagers are diligent in reading. "At the age of five, recite the six precepts, and at the age of ten, watch a hundred schools. Since Xuanyuan, I have heard a lot. " In the article "Dapeng and the Ode to Rare Birds", I compared myself with Dapeng, expressed my different common personality and lofty aspirations in life, laughed at the dignitaries and conformists in the real society, despised the feudal dignitaries and feudal order, and pursued personal freedom: "Alas, how can I bow and scrape to those high-ranking officials who will never be honest!" The core of this character is Confucianism, which actively joins the WTO. Under the influence of Confucianism, Li Bai was full of high spirits and lofty sentiments in his youth, with lofty life goals of "helping the poor" and "ensuring prosperity". The consciousness of conforming to nature and despising hypocrisy and secularism in Taoist thought also quietly planted seeds in Li Bai's heart, which gave birth to his character of advocating magnanimity.