Lermontov's sadness has many forms: there are lost sadness, lost sadness, lonely sadness and helpless sadness.
The sadness of loss stems from the emotional shock wave formed by the poet's three tragedies, which is most vividly expressed in love poems.
Apart from the tragedy directly caused by love and family, lermontov's lost sadness also comes from his tragic experience of life. Some of the sadness caused by this tragic experience focuses on objective existence, while others focus on subjective feelings (such as loneliness, loneliness, etc.). ), and some are the overlap of objective existence and subjective feelings.
What is more difficult to solve than the lost sadness is the lost sadness. It comes from the confusion of human injustice, from the helplessness of tragic fate, from the questioning of the secular meaning of life, from the confusion of shouldering the mission of genius. ..... Confusion is not loss, nor despair, but a state of mind that can't position itself for a while in an unexpected and complicated environment, and a state of mind that prominent people often germinate during the great social turning point.
If the poet feels confused and sad about the things around him, then he feels lonely and sad about the people around him. A person with high talent and self-confidence who shoulders the mission of genius, living among a group of ordinary people, is short-sighted and even full of servility to powerful people, which is tantamount to standing out from the crowd. How does tits know the ambition of swans? It is conceivable that he felt psychologically lonely. In many of the poet's works, especially lyric poems, we can clearly feel the poet's loneliness and sadness.
Whether lonely or sad, for a real poet, it is not about personal gain or loss, but about the country and the nation. Like loneliness, it is an emotional sign of hardship. As the ancients in China said: "A recluse is not knowledgeable, and he who is not worried about his shape can not travel far." Lermontov's grief is never a personal sorrow without worrying about anything, but often a worry that transcends personal gains and losses. With the maturity of his thought, the connotation of sadness has become deeper, not just sadness, but worry: worrying about the country, the people, the fate of the nation and the status quo of the times.
If sadness leads to worry, then worry leads to worry and anger. Sadness is a depressed state of subjective feelings caused by worrying objective phenomena. Anxiety is an uneasy psychological state, which is bred by subjective anxiety focused on objective things. Worry and anger are a state of psychological mobilization for sad people to vent their strong dissatisfaction with the source of worry, a desire for action, a disregard for themselves and a call for inspiration. If monologue is a masterpiece of sadness and meditation is a masterpiece of annoyance, then poems such as Death of the Poet and Farewell to Russia are masterpieces of annoyance and anger.
Although lermontov is famous for his compassion for others, he is always an optimist who is "sad without hurting" because he is worried about the country and people, not personal honor and disgrace and safety. There is a famous saying in ancient China: "an upright man is open and poised, villains are often sad." If the gentleman is defined as "the strong one who cares about the country and the people" and the villain as "the weak one who scowls for personal gain", then it is precisely because lermontov is "open-minded" about himself that he "always cares about the country and the people". ...
From a microscopic point of view, we can be sure that it is not divorced from the spirit of the times, but only the state of music and its tone sandhi presented by the spirit of the times in Lai's poems (the "sadness" in the stream has produced the tone sandhi of "worry" and "worry"). Mao Dun thinks that lermontov's poems contain a kind of "gas of injustice", which is the emotional theme with three variations of "sadness, worry and anger" discussed in this paper. (Gu Yunpu)