Foreign writers who made great achievements during 1980- 1999.

Raymond Carver (1938-1988), "the most important American novelist in the second half of the 20th century", a master of "minimalism" in the novel world, and "the most influential American short story writer after Hemingway". The London Times called him "Chekhov of America" after his death. He is a rare observer and expresser of "difficult times" in American literature, and is known as the founder of "new novels". Raymond carver (1938— 1988), a famous contemporary American short story writer and poet, was born in Kraskin, Oregon on May 25th, 1938, and 1988 died of lung cancer on August 2nd. After graduating from high school, I supported my family, worked hard to make a living, and studied writing in my spare time. 1966 received a master's degree in literature from the University of Iowa. 1967 His works were selected for the first time in Selected American Novels of the Year; After 1970s, his writing achievements gradually attracted people's attention. 1979 won the Guggenheim Prize and the National Art Foundation Award twice. 1983 won the Mildred-Harold Strauss Lifetime Achievement Award; 1985 won the levinson Prize for Poetry Magazine; 1988 was nominated as an academician of the American Academy of Arts and Literature, and received an honorary doctorate in literature from university of hartford and the brandes Prize for Fiction. Carver's life works are mainly short stories and poems, as well as some essays. His works mainly include collections of short stories. Would you please be quiet? (1976), the season of anger (1977), what we say when we talk about love (198 1), the cathedral (1983), and where I call. Poetry anthology Insomnia in Winter (1970), Salmon at Night (1976), Where the Sea Meets (1985), Sea Blue (1986), Waterfall New Road (. Social evaluation: The first impression of Raymond Carver's works is that he is an advocate of many American dreams and will definitely not like him. In the eyes of conservative critics, his novels are "not optimistic enough", "focusing on the dark side of things", "not writing about real Americans" and so on. In a word, they "don't whitewash America". Indeed, the little people in his works can help people in third world countries find some psychological balance: ordinary Americans are also trying to earn money to support their families and want to watch TV after a break; They are also dreaming dreams that will never come true, which will mean daily mediocrity. They are silent on the outside and hysterical on the inside. Carver's novel, at first glance, looks like a running account. Careful observation shows that they write well. But his mood of injecting a running account is quite distinctive. Carver is very similar to Lin Ladner, a short story writer in Jazz Age: he also saw the boredom, triviality and boredom of ordinary people's daily life, as well as the ignorance, mediocrity, sadness and helplessness behind it. It's just that he is not as cynical and enthusiastic as Ladner. He solemnly remembered the running account, as if he had no emotions, and his depressed heart was expressed from time to time through the protagonist's ugly words or vicious little moves. Cathedral is one of his most famous short stories. The protagonist's wife has kept in touch with a blind friend for many years. Once, a blind friend finally came to visit the couple. The wife is in high spirits, but the hero is not excited, but tries to restrain his unreasonable hostility and contempt. Like other stories, the protagonist's attitude towards life is a mixture of indifference and rejection, and no hint will always be a mystery. I'm afraid it's hard to find any other explanation than Carver's own life experience. At the end of Cathedral, the hero finally relaxes the blind man's nervous system when he closes his eyes and paints. It's not four or two kilos, but it takes a lot of space at one end of the balance, and after putting too much depression, it puts a teaspoon of joy at the other end. However, this is Raymond Carver. Influence "minimalism" and "dirty realism" are the definitions given to him by critics. On the other hand, he doesn't like such labels at all. But it does mark the emergence of "a new novel" and "a new tone and literary texture" in America. It is this intonation and literary accomplishment that profoundly influenced Haruki Murakami, China writers Wang Shuo, Su Tong, Han Dong, Zhu Wen and Li Er. [Edit this paragraph] Collection of short stories, main works, would you please be quiet? 》( 1976); Angry season (1977); When we talk about love, what are we talking about (1981); Cathedral (1983); Where is the telephone (1988); Elephant (1988). Poetry anthology Near the Klamas River (1968); Insomnia in winter (1970); Salmon in the night (1976); Where seawater meets (1985); Hailan (1986); A new road to the waterfall (1989).