How to cultivate students' autonomous reading in efficient classroom 1. Stimulate students' interest and have a desire to learn.
There is a sentence in "22 Efficient Classrooms" that I particularly like: the classroom should be a dance floor burning with blood, an altar filled with blood, and a meadow flying with youth. First, let students "make trouble" in class. The more lawless they are, the more they can publicize their expectations. Only by "making trouble" can they "live" or even "fire" Only by "living" can the effect be better and the "carnival of life" be achieved. Therefore, it is very important to take classes before self-study. If you only arrange which part of the textbook students study by themselves, then students will naturally have insufficient motivation to learn. For example, learning three ancient poems used to let students read ancient poems and have a simple understanding of the poet's dynasty. Now I have changed my method: let students go back and collect their own biographies of three ancient poems and poets' poems and short stories. Unexpectedly, this ignited them. The children were fully prepared the next day. During the exhibition, every student rushed to talk, sing and return. While students' enthusiasm is high, the content of autonomous learning is skillfully arranged, so that students can understand poetry and the feelings expressed by poets through their own learning, effectively arouse students' enthusiasm and make them truly feel the joy of exploring knowledge.
Second, self-study guidance and remedial programs
Although we really want students to learn to teach themselves, not all students can quickly master the method of self-study, which requires us to guide students, either to learn from each other in groups or to learn and evaluate in groups. According to what we have learned and the relationship before and after, we can make a counseling plan suitable for students, or we can adjust the counseling plan during the course of attending classes until students can learn by themselves. Finally, through a series of questions and exercises in the tutorial, let them continue to learn and explore in their study and thinking.
Third, group cooperative learning.
An in-depth exploration of group cooperative learning. According to the students' personality differences, and in line with the principle of "heterogeneity within groups, homogeneity among groups", a team cooperation team is constructed. By assigning roles and tasks in the group, students should bear corresponding responsibilities, so that "everyone has something to do, and everyone has something to do". In this respect, the "sharping Group" in our class is the best. There is no leading role or supporting role in the group. Every student is the master of the group. This group helps each other. Those who are capable are all teachers, working together to learn. Capable people are not selfish, and the latter are not inferior. Team leader Zhang Xuxuan played a very good leading role. Group cooperation follows the principle of "showing gains and focusing on problems"; Discuss in the group and reach an understanding; Classroom presentation and group interaction; Pay attention to breakthrough, inspiration and sublimation, and carry out group cooperative learning. The evaluation takes the group as the unit, pays more attention to the team than the individual, pays more attention to the process than the result, turns the competition between individuals into the competition between groups, realizes win-win cooperation, and forms a gratifying situation in which everyone enjoys learning, loves learning, can learn and can learn.
Fourthly, harmonious teacher-student relationship and harmonious teaching atmosphere are the basis and guarantee of students' autonomous learning.
Advocating and realizing teaching democracy is the basic requirement for improving education and teaching. When students are freed from mental stress and psychological burden, feel comfortable and full of emotions, the cerebral cortex is easy to form an exciting center, with active thinking and the strongest learning ability. Learning must be carried out in a relaxed environment, in which students can really learn and explore independently. In class, I put down my airs and walked off the platform, becoming a member of the class, becoming an organizer, instructor and collaborator of students' learning, using democratic teaching language in class, allowing students to have different ideas, encouraging students to question and participate in evaluation. Often use the tone of consultation, such as "can teachers also express their views?" "Who wants to perform" and "who wants to evaluate" and other words to "participate" in students' learning activities, the students raised their hands excitedly. With such a classroom atmosphere and such a democratic, harmonious, equal and pleasant humanistic situation, every student can actively develop on his own basis in independent learning and exploration activities.
Fifth, leave enough space for students to study and explore independently, so that every student can develop.
Teachers should guide students to actively learn and acquire knowledge. They should not take the place of others and give ready-made conclusions. Sometimes the process of students' independent exploration is not smooth sailing. Teachers should provide students with relaxed time and space. In the process of students' independent exploration, methods such as observation, operation, discussion, communication and group cooperation should be used in time. For example, in the teaching of Guilin landscape, I asked. And according to the writing techniques in the article, I wrote many beautiful parallelism sentences. Here, we must give them enough time to show the fruits of their hard work. During the exhibition, each student's thinking ability, language expression ability and self-confidence have been improved, and their enthusiasm for autonomous learning will be high.
As the saying goes, "A good beginning is half the battle", and preparation before class is very important for students to learn a text, a special topic and a famous book. Successful autonomous learning before class can cultivate students' ability to accept new knowledge, read and think independently, and also cultivate their logical thinking ability. With sufficient self-study before class, students will take part in the discussion with questions in class, their thinking will be further expanded, and the memory effect will be enhanced, thus further improving the efficiency of class and building an efficient classroom.
→ How to cultivate students' autonomous reading ability (contributed by netizens) In 2004, Gou Zhihong, a teacher in Bazhong, Sichuan, faced the challenge of the world knowledge economy, and our teaching mode and educational concept were undergoing fundamental changes. Teaching has changed from traditional epistemology to modern subjectivity, from focusing on imparting conclusive knowledge, students learn more and experience less, to focusing on the exploration process and experience of knowledge, and students learn less. Students' learning is not only to acquire knowledge, but more importantly, to cultivate their ability to use the knowledge they have mastered to acquire new knowledge, which is full of innovative spirit. First, give students the initiative to read and cultivate students' sense of language and perception. In the actual reading teaching, it is still common for teachers to ask complicated questions blindly and analyze and explain them carefully, and some teachers even do so: author introduction → background of the times → segmentation, generalization → full-text analysis and explanation → induction center → writing characteristics. Laugh less and be silent more in class; Less is the sound of books, more is passive listening; Less discussion, more boring analysis and notes, turning the living Chinese science into a dead science, making teachers spend a lot of time talking, and as a result, students still can't read and can't understand the "taste"; Writing can't write content, and it lacks interest and innovation. This is directly related to the reading teaching mode of "understanding as the goal, explaining as the means and imparting knowledge as the focus" formed over the years, which allows students to answer questions designed in textbooks and teaching plans through listening, memorizing, practicing and memorizing. It greatly inhibits the cultivation of students' Chinese ability and the improvement of Chinese literacy, and makes Chinese teaching appear "high consumption and low efficiency", which affects the development of Chinese teaching to some extent. Reading is an important way to collect and process information, understand the world, develop thinking and gain aesthetic experience. Reading teaching is a teaching activity aimed at guiding students to read texts and cultivating students' reading ability and habits. It is an active, active and creative learning process under the guidance of teachers. Reading teaching is a dialogue process among students, teachers and characters. Therefore, in classroom teaching, teachers must optimize the classroom teaching structure, create time and space for students to actively read, attach importance to each student's unique feelings and experiences, give students the initiative to read, guide students to read deeply, extensively and consciously based on reading, and make students in a state of independent learning and active development. Language sense is people's ability to know and understand the language, and the basis of language sense training is reading the text. For students, reading is indispensable for a whole day. Only by reading, can we understand the text, understand the text, perceive the author, and feel the sense of interest and gain aesthetic feeling; Reading is a necessary way for students to learn Chinese well. Reading can help students deepen their perception, understanding and experience of the content of the article; Reading can enable students to accumulate rich language materials; Reading, can make students edify infection, imperceptibly. In reading teaching, we should strengthen reading training for students. Reading is a direct feeling and understanding of language. When reading, we should turn words into pictures. The accurate, vivid and vivid language in the article and the author's thoughts and feelings must be fully reflected through reading, so as to cultivate students' sense of language and ability to understand the article in reading, thus cultivating students' ability to read independently. Second, in the evaluation of reading, we should stimulate students' emotions and improve their reading appreciation ability. Evaluation refers to comments, comments and evaluations, and products are tastes, experiences and insights. In fact, it is the learning practice of students' "independent reading since enlightenment" and the process of cultivating students' thinking, imagination and expression ability in reading. Since the enlightenment, it is an effective means to give full play to students' subjectivity in reading and improve their autonomous learning ability. 1. The teaching of reading evaluation and reading is actually a means of emotional teaching, and it is a practical activity for students to transform the language objects they feel into language sense. Focus on reading, arouse students' emotions and cultivate students' perception of the meaning of the article. Therefore, in the teaching practice of reading evaluation, according to the actual situation of students, the operability and effectiveness of the method of "teacher demonstration evaluation → individual guidance evaluation → deskmate practice evaluation → study group report evaluation → classroom presentation exchange evaluation → collective appreciation reading evaluation" was quickly accepted by students, and their reading enthusiasm was greatly stimulated. The more they read, the more excited they become, and the more emotional they become. They actually strengthen reading teaching. 2. Reading evaluation emphasizes understanding through reading and talking about understanding through reading, which is the embodiment of guiding students to learn to read deeply in Chinese learning. In reading teaching, it is particularly important for teachers to cultivate students' ability of autonomous learning and exploring creative learning. In evaluating the specific operation of reading, we can adopt the method of "mutual reading and mutual evaluation", that is, "I read others' comments" or "he reads me's comments"; You can also use the method of "self-reading and self-evaluation". Students can freely choose the ways and methods of reading evaluation according to the actual situation of themselves and their study partners in the cooperative learning of study groups. In the process of "evaluating commodities", students should understand the meanings of key words and sentences and imagine pictures, while in "reading", they should turn "words into pictures", reproduce pictures in their minds, experience emotions and read aloud. Reading at this time is reading after understanding, expressing one's understanding of the connotation of the article, and is a kind of in-depth reading. I teach the lotus pond moonlight. The key paragraphs 4, 5 and 6 of Moonlight on the Lotus Pond described in detail by Mr. Zhu Ziqing are all natural paragraphs. The author writes about the scenery with love, which is poetic and picturesque. I use the method of "commenting on goods" and read it out loud first. However, the picture outlined in my mind is: the lotus leaves are fragrant and the moonlight is like a hazy dream. Read it again and taste it again: there are paintings, poems, feelings, far-reaching artistic conception, and finally enjoy it. The works are not only beautiful in painting but also full of interesting beauty. After a class, most students can recite in class and achieve good teaching results. Third, guide students to read deeply and cultivate their ability to question and solve doubts. Learning is not a result, but a process. Teachers should guide students to fully and actively participate in learning. Only when students directly participate in the whole process of exploring new knowledge can they understand the mystery of knowledge and feel the joy of learning and success. In reading teaching, we should pay special attention to students' thinking process, inspire students to think in many ways to seek correct conclusions, and encourage students to question and dispel doubts boldly. "Learning comes from thinking, and thinking comes from doubt". In reading teaching, teachers should not only advocate questioning and resolving doubts, but also encourage students to innovate boldly, express different views from others, and dare to break away from convention and traditional concepts, thus forming new ideas and establishing new views. The ability to question and solve doubts plays an important role in cultivating students' autonomous reading ability and improving their Chinese literacy and innovation ability. Mr. Ye Shengtao once said: "If you want to understand thoroughly, you must try to figure out more. It is an effective way to look at it once, the second time, the third time, and ask your own questions and answer them. " In actual teaching, it is still common for teachers to "cram" and "take teaching plans". As the main body of learning, students have no chance to find and ask questions, let alone solve them. Therefore, the cultivation of the ability to question and solve doubts is to really cultivate students' "self-reading" reading ability and innovation ability. Students' ability to question and solve doubts needs to be cultivated with great efforts. In the process of teaching, I first encourage students to ask questions they don't understand in their studies and take the first step from being afraid to questioning. Secondly, I teach students to question, then encourage students to have the spirit of "doubt" and "rebellion", challenge authority, and finally teach students to solve doubts. 2. Teach students how to ask questions. ③ Arrange some teaching practice activities consciously to cultivate students' questioning ability. Whether it is the preview questions before class, the in-depth questions in class or the extended questions after class, I have started to advocate, encourage and guide students, and give timely evaluation and guidance on the difficulty, thinking value, thinking mode and angle of the questions raised by students. 3. Encourage innovation and dare to challenge authority. Scenery of Tianshan Mountain is a famous work by Mr. Biyo, and has been selected as a teaching material for many years. In teaching, I found several ill sentences in this article. When I was teaching this article, I specially arranged an exercise: find out the sick sentences in the article and correct them. At first, the students were greatly surprised: they were superstitious about famous artists and thought there was no language barrier; Or think that you are not so capable and dare not "break ground" on your head. Under my repeated inducement, some students found that "under the white peaks and snowy peaks, there is an endless green virgin forest ...", obviously lacking the subject. "Under ..." is a prepositional phrase and cannot be used as the subject. The preposition "zai" can be removed, and "de" can be added after "Xia" to become a nominal "de" phrase as the subject. Therefore, in my teaching, I also encourage students to question my explanation and allow students to make "noise" in class. Students can have different opinions from many angles and aspects, and sparks of different thinking and innovation often arise from this. 4. Teach students how to dispel doubts. Teachers should not only talk about the answers to questions, but also pay attention to the process of obtaining answers, and they can't directly tell students the process, but must pay attention to the process of seeking knowledge conclusions. In this way, students can gradually explore ways to solve doubts, so as to achieve the purpose of autonomous learning and inquiry learning. In the process of students' reading, teachers should pay attention to cultivating students' ability to question and solve doubts, that is, giving students ample opportunities for study and practice, allowing students to study and explore independently, which is conducive to cultivating students' innovative thinking ability and greatly enhancing students' reading subjectivity. Therefore, in reading teaching, teachers should take reading as the basis, give full play to students' dominant position, mobilize students' participation consciousness in active learning, cultivate students' self-study since the enlightenment ability and innovative spirit, and enable students to discover beauty, comprehend beauty, feel beauty and elegance on the basis of intensive reading, skimming, browsing and tasting the language and characters of the motherland. The core of high-level teaching, Liu Yilin, etc. , Beijing Yanshan Publishing House, Wei Zhicheng's Chinese Teaching in Middle Schools, Guangxi Education Publishing House, Interpretation of Chinese Curriculum Standards, Zhao Zongqi, etc. , Hubei Education Press
How to Cultivate Primary School Students' Extracurricular Autonomous Reading Ability Teachers play a less important role than parents in cultivating primary school students' extracurricular "autonomous" reading ability.
If you are a teacher, you can tell more interesting stories about writers and scientists in class to arouse students' interest in this cultural circle, and then tell some world-famous stories in a guiding way.
I remember when I was in primary school, my teacher often told us some interesting stories, and then told us that they were from xxx books. If you want to know more, you can read it yourself. For example, she often talks about the short stories of O'Henry, a writer who is good at creating unexpected story endings, Hawking's popular science books, a brief history of time, etc. Of course, she also often talks about the love stories of ancient literati like Lu You and Li Qingzhao, or the wits and wits between Su Dongpo and Zen master Fo Yin.
After listening to these, I want to take the initiative to understand, so the most important thing is to guide and make students interested in reading.
Another trick is to often ask students some practical problems in life to make them think. It's very simple, such as a large bottle of coke or a small bottle? Why? What kind of goods will be placed in the most conspicuous position in the supermarket? Wait, let students have a strong curiosity about life, want to know it, want to understand it. . .
How to train students to carry out personalized reading questionnaire survey 1, students' development goals
(1) Students learn to use positive and original ways of thinking in the process of self-realization, especially in the aspect of expression ability.
(2) In learning activities, students use new ideas, new methods and new ways, and have the will and attitude to solve problems independently.
2. Teacher development goals
(1) Based on the Chinese classroom in primary schools, explore ways to guide students' personalized reading, cultivate innovative thinking and comprehensively improve students' Chinese literacy.
(2) Explore multiple evaluation methods in the process of students' personalized reading guidance, promote students' personalized reading, stimulate students' innovative thinking and cultivate students' innovative consciousness.
(3) In the choice and application of teaching methods, we should pay attention to creating free learning space for students, opening up ways for students to read and express, guiding a lot of reading, questioning and asking difficult questions, exploring independently, discovering new information and cultivating flexibility of thinking.
(4) In the way of learning evaluation, formative evaluation and summative test are combined to encourage students to actively participate in learning and be good at asking questions, thinking and expressing.
(3) Implement research measures
1. Conduct a reading questionnaire survey to understand students' reading situation.
In order to further understand the reading habits, reading contents and reading methods of our students, advocate reading for all and create a scholarly campus. Recently, the research group conducted a survey on students' extracurricular reading in our school. In the 1 1 teaching class of grade four, grade five and grade six, * * the primary school reading questionnaire 1 10 was distributed, and 10 students were randomly selected in each class to conduct a questionnaire survey, and valid test papers were recovered 10.
2. Strengthen the study of personalized reading classroom model.
According to students' normal reading, classroom presentation, teachers' professional development, teaching environment and the concept of "personalized reading teaching", this paper explores the basic mode of personalized reading in schools.
First, the scene import
This is the basic point and starting point of personalized reading class. It is to create a reading atmosphere, attract children to enter the reading situation, and stimulate the impulse of curiosity, doubt and exploration. There are original life scenes, career change scenes, reorganization scenes, and self-created scenes. And the original life scene is the inexhaustible source of personalized reading class. The creation and projection of the scene should be induced, penetrating and renewable. Only by introducing such a scene can children's audio-visual and attention be attracted to the realm of personalized reading class in the first time and space at the beginning of class
B, perceptual experience
This is the natural trend of scene import: entering the text, perceiving the text and experiencing the text; Step into life and experience life. Personalized reading in perceptual experience. At this time, the perceptual experience of this situation is the real reading in the individual sense.
C. Dialogue and exploration
Dialogue is a process of interaction between teachers and students, and it is also a palace of individuality in personalized reading. Children's gains, fun and thinking from perceptual experience need to be communicated through dialogue and inquiry; Difficulties and ideas arising from perceptual experience need to be questioned, collided, argued, defended and even inevitably quarreled in the dialogue. This is the impact of children's colorful different opinions, flashing the spark of wisdom, resulting in whimsy. Therefore, the process of dialogue and inquiry is the most abundant process of personalized reading and the most anticipated wonderful realm of personalized reading class.
D. construction and power generation
Constructive generation is the result of the whole process of personalized reading class with situational introduction, perceptual experience and dialogue inquiry. What does the construction produce? This is the preset personalized reading goal when designing the classroom mode earlier. The process of structure generation is expansion, testing and new structure generation. It is necessary to create new situations in the classroom, so that the knowledge, intelligence and wisdom that children have generated can achieve new "personalization".
Scene fusion → perceptual experience → dialogue exploration → construction generation is a common classroom mode of "personalized reading", which is interrelated and inseparable and is the spiritual home for children's healthy growth.
How to cultivate the ability of independent reading in primary school is the key stage of children's growth, which is very important for the cultivation of children's reading ability. So, how to cultivate primary school students' reading ability?
First of all, being good at asking questions is the beginning of thinking, the golden key to acquiring knowledge, and curiosity is the nature of children. If you study with questions, you will have the motivation to explore and the joy of harvest. We should boldly believe in students' understanding ability and believe that they can master a considerable part of the content through reading, practice and discussion. Teachers should explore how to effectively cultivate students' reading ability and develop their intelligence in view of those aspects that students are not easy to master. Mobilize students to think positively and use some experiences in life to deepen their understanding of words. Create autonomous learning situations, respect students' individual differences, and make students improve their Chinese literacy in an all-round way in autonomous activities.
Secondly, he is good at inspiring students to question actively. Master reading methods and cultivate reading ability through article-by-article teaching. Gradually cultivate students' study habits. We should try to make students ask questions they don't understand, so that they can study more actively. For example: preview the text, look up unknown words, look up the dictionary, look at pinyin, and don't understand the meaning. If it can't be solved, the teacher will help. Sometimes when students really can't bring it up, the teacher will guide them and gradually develop the good habit of finding out what they don't understand and asking questions when reading the text. Ask students questions and try to inspire them to answer each other. We will explain the problems that they really can't solve. After being inspired, students' enthusiasm will be high, they will study hard, the problems they find on their own initiative will increase, and their thirst for knowledge will be strong.
"Interest is the best teacher." Only when students are interested in reading can they have a positive demand for extracurricular reading from the bottom of their hearts, reduce fatigue, regard reading as a kind of enjoyment, and feel the pleasure of reading, and get twice the result with half the effort. It is not enough to improve students' reading comprehension only by relying on the classroom. Students need to increase their extracurricular reading. The more reading they accumulate, the stronger their understanding ability will be. We should recommend some beautiful Chinese and foreign literary masterpieces to students as much as possible, so that students can feel the beauty of the situation and the charm of the language created by the article in their independent reading, and let students feel that reading is a kind of beautiful enjoyment.
In short, only through the combination of classroom teaching and extracurricular reading can we really improve students' reading ability, let students feel the pleasure of reading and achieve the success of reading.
How to cultivate children's independent reading ability? Children with reading ability are eager for knowledge, can boldly use language to communicate with others, have good study habits and have confidence in themselves. It can be seen that early reading has an important influence on children's future and even their life development.
Incorporate early reading into children's language training goals: enjoy listening to stories and reading books, and gradually improve children's ability to feel, understand, appreciate and express; Contact with common symbols, signs, words, etc. Life, and a preliminary understanding of their meaning. These goals are the specific requirements of early reading. As far as people's abilities are concerned, reading ability is a very important learning ability. People can get in touch with all kinds of knowledge and accumulate life experience in reading, and use this as a carrier to internalize knowledge transfer and improve comprehensive ability. It can be said that reading ability is closely related to future success. So, how to cultivate children's early reading habits in practice? I think we should start from the following aspects:
First, create a good reading environment for children.
First of all, we should screen suitable reading materials for children. For children who have no ability to distinguish, we should make the first pass for them. Choosing suitable materials is the basis of children's early reading. We should choose some books with bright colors, intuitive images, easy to understand and educational significance according to children's age.
Secondly, morning reading should permeate every link of the day's activities. Early reading can not only join learning activities, but also penetrate into regional activities, life activities and game activities. We set up a special reading area in the classroom. Due to the tight class time, we use the morning reading before and after breakfast, the walking time after lunch, regional activities and other spare time to carry out children's reading activities, and make full use of the sharing activities every Friday to share. Some parents subscribe many picture books to their children every week and bring them to kindergarten to share. Teachers often help children read and tell them, especially where children don't know much, which is in line with their age characteristics and needs.
Second, stimulate children's interest in reading.
Interest is the best teacher for children, and stimulating children's interest in reading is the key to cultivate children's early reading habits.
First of all, we should carry out various forms of reading activities. Reading activities can't be pure reading, but various forms of activities must be carried out to stimulate children's interest. In practice, we use the method of question-and-answer reading to tell children the beginning of the story and let them explore with questions, which can often achieve good results. In addition, story scene reading and performance reading are also commonly used good methods.
Secondly, we should improve children's ability to read independently. We should not only help children master the basic skills and methods of reading, but also cultivate good reading habits. Some children have poor reading habits, and they have to change books every few minutes, and they have no awareness of caring for books and tearing them up at will, and there is no correct way to take and put them. Therefore, teachers should first guide children to read books "correctly", such as not reading books upside down, reading books in order, turning pages with thumb and forefinger, holding and placing books gently, and taking good care of them. These may not be an ability for adults, but they must be guided for children. It is also important to teach children to think in reading, which is the key for children to read independently. The ultimate goal of early reading guidance is to let children understand the society through reading and promote their socialization.
Third, family cooperation, * * * to guide children to read early.
First, parents should set an example for their children to learn. If parents often read books after school, children will have different degrees of interest in books. Parents can use this opportunity to read with their children, which can not only exchange feelings with their children, but also help them develop good early reading habits. The age characteristics of young children determine that it is difficult for them to finish a book by themselves, but if parents are involved, the situation will be different. Children will tell stories and read nursery rhymes with their parents with great interest.
Secondly, parents should recognize the misunderstanding. Reading early is not equal to literacy. Due to the existing education system and the mentality of "expecting your children to succeed", many parents equate early reading with reading, writing and literacy, turning this childlike activity into boring learning, which seriously stifles children's interest and enthusiasm. In fact, the focus of children's early reading education is not on how many words they can read and write, but on accumulating experience through reading and independent thinking, thus promoting the development of children's imagination, thinking and inquiry spirit. Therefore, when parents guide their children to read early, they must recognize the misunderstanding and let their children always learn independently in a pleasant reading environment. The key to success is in your hands.
3-6 years old is a critical period for the development of children's language ability. Teachers and parents should become supporters of children's early reading, provide rich reading content for children, create good reading conditions, correctly guide and cultivate children's good early reading habits, let children explore, experience and discover in reading, and lay a solid foundation for future development.
How to cultivate students' interest in autonomous reading in Chinese teaching should actively and creatively explore effective teaching methods according to teaching objectives, students' needs and local objective conditions; Constantly reflect on your teaching behavior and strive to become an innovative research-oriented teacher. Only under the premise of thoroughly understanding the curriculum standards, deeply studying the teaching materials and studying the students can we prepare lessons carefully and have a clear plan for teaching.
How to train students to effectively classify and quantify extracurricular reading, we must classify the recommended books, recommend them to students, and show them those attractive paragraphs. It is no use forcing them to ask. Quantization means that you can make a table, and everyone will make a mark after reading it, which can also play a role in supervision. They should be infected, not ordered.