Where is the birthplace of Qin people?

The upper reaches of the Western Han Dynasty is the birthplace of Qin people. The Guxi Gouqiu area around Honghe and Yan Guan in Lixian County was once the capital of Qin people in the pre-Qin period. There are two D-shaped valley basins in the loess hills at the junction of the northern part of Jinli County and the southern part of Qincheng District in Tianshui City, the headwaters of the Western Han Dynasty. One is Yanguanchuan (extending to Xiaotianshui Town, Tianshui City), which is slightly east-west, and the other is Honghechuan (extending to Yangjiasi Township, Tianshui City), which is more than 80 miles north and south. The Red River in northern Sichuan passes through a hill and connects with Tianshui. The climate here is warm and the land is fertile, suitable for farming and grazing. It is a natural land of agriculture and animal husbandry, and there are wells in Yanguanchuan to boil salt. The ancestors of Qin people set out from these two broad and rich valley basins, and laid the foundation for their brilliant career after hard armed attacks and hard agriculture and animal husbandry with the surrounding Xirong people. According to Historical Records of Qin Benji, Luo Da, the ancestor of Qin Dynasty, and his son's concubine kept horses and livestock here, and the animal husbandry developed greatly. Fei Zi gained Zhou's appreciation, named him the surname of Won, made Qin a vassal state of Zhou Dynasty, and built the city (now the county) as a herding horse of Zhou Dynasty. Also, the son of Shen Hou's other wife's daughter became the new heir and lived in his hometown of Xigou Mountain. Cheng, his descendants and the Rong nationality fought for the living environment here for a long time. In 842 BC, Xirong conquered Xigoushan and Daluo's family. After Zhou Xuanwang's death, Qin Zhong conquered Xirong and was killed by Xirong in 824 BC. Zhou Xuanwang recruited five brothers, the eldest son of Qin Zhong, Zhuang Gong, with 7,000 soldiers, to attack Xirong, so he named Qin Zhuanggong as Doctor Xihuang and lived in his hometown Xiquanshan. In 776 BC, Xirong besieged Xiquanqiu again, and Qin Xianggong's eldest brother teacher led the troops to resist and was captured by Xirong. In 77 1 year BC, Quan Rong killed Zhou Youwang at the foot of Mount Li. Because he escorted his drought-striken fields to move to Luoyi, he was awarded a vassal by Zhou Pingwang and Qin officially became a vassal state. In 763 BC, Xianggong's son, Wen Gong, marched eastward and established a new city at the intersection of Heqian River and Weihe River near Baoji. For hundreds of years, the Qin people had different names for the West Dog Mountain in Longnan, Du Yi, such as Dog Mountain, West Border and West Border Palace, but the names remained unchanged. After the unification of Qin and Han Dynasties, Xigou Mountain became the administrative seat of Xijun County. It was not until 228 AD that Zhuge Liang Shu Xiang went out to Qishan to attack Wei, defeated Jieting, and retreated back to Hanzhong. "More than a thousand households in the West County were still in Hanzhong", and the organizational system of the West County began to disappear. The long-term activities of Qin people have left quite a wealth of ancient cultural relics here. There are 107 cultural relics in Lixian County alone, covering 18 townships in Northeast China. According to legend, the Southwest Mountain, which stretches for 3.5 kilometers along the coast of the Western Han Dynasty in Yongxing Township, is the seat of the royal garden of Miao Zhuang, the king of Xiqiao. The number of ancient tombs, their wide distribution and the richness of cultural relics are amazing. The legend about the tomb of the king and the local unearthed cultural relics are consistent with the Xiguodun in the early Qin Dynasty. Biography of Historical Records and Qin Benji clearly points out that in the fifty years of Qin Wengong (7 16 BC), "Qin Wengong died and was buried in Xishan", which is the northern part of Lixian County in the upper reaches of the Western Han Dynasty today. What is particularly striking is that in the spring of 1994, archaeologists in Gansu Province cleared and excavated two tombs of the Zhou Dynasty more than 3,000 years ago in Dabaozi Mountain, Yongping Township, Lixian County, which were extremely rare in scale. Dabaozishan Cemetery is located in the north bank of the Western Han Dynasty, which is 1/0/3 km east of Lixian County. The cemetery is about 250m long from east to west and140m wide from north to south. The two ancient tombs excavated are located in the center of the cemetery, which are large-scale tombs with parallel north and south, east-west trend and Chinese characters, numbered M2 and M3. At its southern end, there are two pits for chariots and horses. M2 is 88m long, 6.8-12.1m wide, 5-11.7m deep 15.6438+0m. The total length of M3 is 1 15m, and the tomb is 6.75-24.65m long, 3.35-9.8m wide and 16.5m deep. Both tombs have east and west slopes. The mausoleum is barrel-shaped, with two platforms on which martyrs are placed. There are waist pits, and there are martyrs and jade cong in every pit. The chariot pit is also east-west, and the axis is also east-west. Judging from the remains of the chariot pit numbered K 1 after cleaning, there are four rows of martyrdom vehicles in the pit, each row is tied for three times, and two clothes are taken for each ride. The ancient tomb has been ransacked. However, according to the information disclosed from various aspects, a large number of artifacts were unearthed in the tomb, including large gold ornaments for decorating the coffin, bronze ritual vessels such as ding, GUI, oval pot, chime and hairpin. Decorating coffins with golden birds in pairs is related to the religious concept that birds of prey are ancestral totems in Qin Dynasty. Xihe County Public Security Bureau seized a batch of cultural relics stolen from Dabaozi Mountain in Lixian County in autumn 1993, including 7 bronze dings and 4 copper reeds. Copper tripod M3: 1, with folded mouth, upright ears, shallow drooping abdomen and slightly rounded bottom. The hooves and feet of the three animals are restrained, with leaf edges, heavy ring patterns on earrings, arc patterns on neck ornaments, and wide strips on abdomen separated from vertical scales. The caliber is 33 cm, the largest abdominal diameter is 37.6 cm, and the height is 38.6 cm. There are two lines and six characters on the inner wall of the abdomen: "Qin Gong made a casting tripod". Copper rod M3: 8. The body is folded, bulging, with dragon-shaped ears, drooping ears under the ears, hooves and feet of three small animals under the hoop feet, variations of dragon patterns on the mouth edge, tile ridges on the cover and abdomen, and drooping scales on the hoop feet. The diameter is 20 cm, the maximum abdominal diameter is 26.8 cm, and the residual height is 10.4 cm. There are two lines and six characters on the inner bottom and cover of the vessel: "Qin Gong's works are ruined". Scholars such as Qin Zhuanggong, Qin Xianggong and Qin Wengong have different understandings of the owners of these two tombs, and most scholars think that they are the first two monarchs after Qin became a vassal. In recent years, with the continuous enrichment of a large number of unearthed physical materials, the research on the birthplace of Qin people in Longnan has been paid more and more attention by academic circles and relevant parties, and the historical research on the ancestral activities of Qin people in Longnan has been further deepened. Dabaozishan Mausoleum has been listed as a national key cultural relics protection unit by the State Council. I hope it helps you.