Details:
Name: Li He, alias: Shi Gui, Li Changgu Nationality: China-birthplace of Tang Dynasty: County Valley of Fuchang (now yiyang county, Luoyang, Henan Province) Date of birth: 790 (Geng Wunian) Date of death: 8 16 Occupation: Poet's main achievement: Masterpiece of "Long Matrix" Poetry: Li Ping Graceful and Graceful.
Li He's Catalogue —— A survey of Li He's anecdote poems and biographical poems in Tang Dynasty: Important notes of Li He's Chronicle: masterpieces handed down from generation to generation; Memorial building of Li He's hometown; An overview of biographical poems in Li He's anecdote poems in Tang Dynasty: important notes in Li He's Chronicle: masterpieces handed down from generation to generation; Memorial building of Li He's hometown; Has started.
The story about Li He:
Li Zhuowu, a famous thinker in the Ming Dynasty, once pointed out when commenting on Water Margin: "If there is no first place in the world, how can a scholar be here even if he has been facing the wall for nine years and vomited blood for ten stones!" The incident of "vomiting blood" mentioned here is very different from the incident of Ruan Ji, a famous person in Jin Dynasty, who cried and vomited blood after drinking two glasses of wine because of his mother's death. (2) Li Zhuowu's allusions, is written by Li Shangyin in the Tang Dynasty "Li Changji Biography" in the story of Li He writing poetry.
Li He is a precocious genius. At the age of seven, he wrote excellent poems and immediately became famous in Beijing. At that time, Han Yu and Huang Fushi, the great writers and assistant ministers of the official department, heard about this miracle and didn't believe it at first, saying, "If only it were the ancients; How can you miss such a strange person today? " After that, they went to visit each other hand in hand.
When they saw that Li He was still a very young child, the two adults immediately asked him to write a question to verify whether Li He had real talent and learning. This Li didn't panic, but gave a deep gift to two adults, and then he wrote a famous article "China" that was enough to spread in the history of literature. This ancient poem says:
Huatuo wove shallots and beautiful gold rings.
Hoof rumbling, entrance like a rainbow.
Yun is a gifted scholar and a great writer in Tokyo.
Twenty-eight nights, Luo's heart, your heart.
The sound in front of the temple is empty, and the pen fills the nature.
Pang Mei's readers feel autumn, and the grass withers and the wind grows in China.
I'm hanging my wings today, and I won't be ashamed to be a snake or a dragon one day!
Han Yu, when they saw Li He's poems, showed confidence, profundity, modesty and respect that they had never seen for a long time, and immediately exclaimed with surprise: "Genius, genius! Really well-deserved! " When they left, they also warmly invited Li He to their home. After this visit, Li He's poems became more and more famous. However, many people who are jealous of Li He say that his father's name is "Li Jinsu" and the word "Jin" is homophonic with the word "Jin" of Jinshi, which is a "taboo" and cannot be admitted to Jinshi. This caused Han Yu, a great writer, to write a famous Taboo Discrimination to explain it. However, Li He's later career was actually due to the malicious slander of these villains, and he finally failed to get into the Jinshi, thus burying the factors of bitterness and poverty in life.
However, Li He's writing style is amazing. When he writes poetry, he is not in a hurry to decide on a topic, but must first find the theme in his life and dig it out. He often rides a thin horse with Warawako at home, thinking while walking. Once he has a good sentence or inspiration, he quickly records the spark of inspiration he thinks and throws it into Warawako's small kit. When he got home, he didn't even have time to eat, so he took out the broken chapters and sentences thrown in during the day from his little kit, sorted them out immediately and wrote admirable poems. When his mother saw this situation, she was distressed and gratified, and said, "Alas, it seems that my baby will not stop until he vomits blood! How can you even forget to eat? "
In fact, it was Li He who devoted himself wholeheartedly to his creation, so a large number of poems he created became the object of repeated admiration by later generations. For example:
The desert sand is like snow, and the Yanshan moon is like a hook.
Why do you want to be a golden brain? Let's step on the clear autumn! ③
Most people have read this five-character quatrain in primary school. When people face the reality in those harsh environments, they often say, "This is really a dark cloud over the city!" As for a book called "Breaking the Ground to Make Autumn Rain" collected by a famous writer in his spare time, the title listed above is actually the same as the poem quoted above, and it is also a sentence in Li He's poem. It can be seen that the application probability of Li He's poems is still very high. The reason why Li He can achieve such gratifying results has a lot to do with his creative attitude of "working hard" rather than perfunctory. [2]
The characteristics of poetry:
Li He's poems were influenced by Chu Ci, Gu Yuefu, Qi Lianggong, Du Li and Han Yu. And through his own casting and bitterness of Li He's inscription, he formed a very unique style. The greatest feature of Shi Li's poems is rich and strange imagination and gorgeous and strange language. Changji wrote to Tianhe and Youyue Palace; Talking about ancient and modern times and exploring ghosts and gods, his imagination is magical, magnificent and gorgeous. Changji deliberately honed his language to make it fantastic, concise, steep and colorful. There are many ingenious, strange and novel languages in his works. For example, strange words such as He Kou Cup Day (drinking by the King of Qin), Walking Clouds to Learn the Sound of Water (a ballad in the sky), and "Jade wheel rolls with wet light" (a dream of heaven) abound. It can be said that "new" is the pursuit of Changji's era, especially Han Meng's poetry school represented by his mentor and friend Han Yu. He also has many vivid and easy-to-understand works, such as Persuading Love, Five Satiries, Beijing, Mocking Teenagers and so on. Like Li Bai, Du Fu, Liu Yuxi and Bai Juyi, there is also a four-letter word called "Shi Gui" because of ghosts, weeping, blood and death.
Another major feature of Changji's poetry is that he wrote more ancient poems and Yuefu poems, and rarely wrote modern poems that were popular at that time. There are no seven-metrical poems in the existing poems. Li He has made outstanding contributions to the inheritance and innovation of Yuefu poems, borrowing the past to present, satirizing or sighing, being flexible, careless and innovative. In addition to Yuefu schools such as Zhang and Wang, it is unique. He is especially good at short stories, such as Song of the Sky, Dream of Paradise and Song of Di Zi. And it is a masterpiece called "Dragon Ridge" by later generations. In the Tang Dynasty, Li Shangyin and Wen's ancient poems followed the path initiated by Li He. He Zuoxiu, Zhou Bangyan, Liu Kezhuang, Xie Ao and Wen Tianxiang in Song Dynasty, Sadula and Yang Weizhen in Yuan Dynasty, Tang Xianzu in Ming Dynasty, Cao Xueqin, Li Jian and Yao Xie in Qing Dynasty were all influenced by Li Heshi.
Du Mu (Poems and Songs of Li Changji) praised him as "the Miao nationality of Sao." Wang Fuzhi (Selected Poems of Tang Dynasty) said: "Chang Ji is good at satire, always arousing people's feelings", "Truth is the enemy of Chong (Li Bai)." Mao's "Poetry Discrimination" said: "After the Dali period, Li He was the only one who solved the legacy of Yuefu. The color is wonderful, but the text is mostly outside the article. Carved on the text, it is awkward. " Yi Piao Shi Hua says: "Li and Du were first introduced to Yuefu in the Tang Dynasty, and harmony (that is, writing) was particularly beneficial." Shen Deqian (Poems of Tang Dynasty): "According to the agreement, Chu Ci, but the meaning is quiet and strange." Gao Yun called him a "genius of heaven and earth" (Collection of Tang Poems); Yao thought that he was "fashionable" (Chang Ji); Li Jian even said: "On Changji, everything is a genius, but it is a fairy tale, and Li Bai is far behind." Mr. Lu Xun sympathized with Li He's misfortune and "liked to read Li He's Tang poems when he was young". Among his ancient calligraphy poems, Li He is the most. When President Mao Zedong and Marshal Chen Yi discussed poems, they also said, "Li He's poems are worth reading. I wonder if you are interested? " (To Chen Yi)
Needless to say, Li He's poems also have many shortcomings. On the one hand, due to excessive carving and curiosity, some works are obscure in meaning, piled with words, incomplete in artistic image and incoherent in emotional context. Du Mu implicitly said: "He can explore the ancient times, so he deeply regrets that people who have not learned in ancient and modern times, such as" Song of the Golden Copper Immortal Han Dynasty "and" Song of Self-Collection ",are far away from pen and ink and cannot know their feelings." Qian Zhongshu commented: "Changji's seclusion and bleak management are both rhetoric and ambiguity." [4] On the other hand, because Li Heshi is desperate and sickly, although he is a young poet, his artistic characteristics are rich imagination, gorgeous artistic conception, frequent use of strange words and dangerous rhymes. There are more than 20 words "death" and more than 50 words "old" in his works, which are very different from other poets in the Tang Dynasty. Some of his poems have inherited the tradition of ghosts in the mountains and national mourning in Qu Yuan's Songs of the South, such as The Fairy Song, The Wild Goose Gate's Taishouxing, The Golden Boy Ren Xian's Songs of the Han Dynasty and so on. The other part is very realistic, such as "The Old Lady Picks Jade Songs", which reflects the hardships of the poor. At the same time, his poems also reveal sentimental feelings about the fleeting good times. Those who belittle Li are said to be "too many monsters" (Zhang's Coral Hook Poems), and even regarded as "the demon of poetic immortals" (Pan Deyu's Yangyizhai Poems). It is very reasonable for Wang Shizhen to briefly summarize Chang Ji's poems with a word "Guo".
Poetry summary:
Li He devoted his life to poetry. His "Gao Xuanguo" praised Han Yu and Huang Fushi's poem "Writing takes waste as the sky", which can also be used as his self-praise. His poems include four aspects:
(1) satirizes dark politics and unhealthy social phenomena. His writing of this kind of works has a certain realistic foundation. He lived in Changgu in his early years, near the road from Luoyang to Chang 'an, and the traffic had to pass through, which made him aware of the heavy exploitation of the people and the lewdness of the ruling class. Later, the capital traveled north and south, and the decadent and extravagant aristocratic bureaucrats, incompetent eunuch groups, the disaster of the country and the people in the buffer region, the rampage of corrupt officials and the suffering of the lower class further aroused the poet's indignation. This kind of poems written by Li He reflect a wide range of social life, some express current affairs directly, and some borrow the past to stab the present: ① 4. Attacking the changes of Yongzheng Palace, such as Drinking Songs in Han and Tang Dynasties; (2) Criticize Tang Xianzong's obsession with superstition and pursuit of immortality, such as immortals, messengers of Kunlun, immortals, bitter days and short days, Guan Jie drums, etc. (3) those who support centralization and oppose the separatist regime in the buffer region, such as the drinking of the king of Qin, the satrap of Yanmen, the storytelling effect of the boy in ancient Yecheng, RoyceWong stabbed Cao to death, and so on; (4) Expose the country and people of the buffer region, such as "Tiger" and "unable to go public"; (5) Those that reflect the arrogance and extravagance of the rich and powerful, such as Ronghua Le, Qin Gong Shi, Peony Divine Comedy, Sleeping at Night, Nocturnal Songs of the Noble Son, Ridiculous Boys on the Balcony, and Ancient Sorrow; ⑥ satirize the incompetent eunuchs, such as General Lu's Song of Five Ironies (Part II) and Six Ironies (Parts II and IV); (7) Those who reflect the intrusion of frontier enemies and the hard life of enemy fighters, such as Moduolouzi; (8) Expose the exploitation and oppression of the ruling class, such as The Old Lady Picks Jade Songs and The Five Senses of Irony (I); Pet-name ruby sympathize with concubines' miserable life, such as "red wag" and "openness"; Attending to reflect the military activities of Huang Jiadong and other ethnic minorities.
(2) Personal indignation and emotion. Li He has a positive political embrace of using the world. Although he is depressed because of his career difficulties and illness, "I am not satisfied with my twenties, and I am worried that I will repay my kindness like a withered orchid" ("The next elegy"), there are also many poems that reflect my dissatisfaction with the official life of "the male and female servants are gaseous and just want to take a dustpan and broom", showing the injustice of "the old man in the wasteland is ignorant"; Unwilling to sink, he issued the grandiloquence that "a man's heart is not poor, and glory is not equal to anger" and "a young man's heart is like a cloud, who will sit cold and blare", which is even more full of grandiloquence that "why not take Wu Gou and accept fifty states in Guanshan alone". Gifts for Shen Ya, Wild Songs and Hotels are representative works in this field.
(3) writing fairy and ghost themes. With the wings of imagination and passionate romantic feelings, Chang Ji described the realm of immortals, the mythical figures such as the Queen Mother and Chang 'e, and the celestial phenomena such as the Milky Way and the Moon Palace, which appeared in masterpieces such as Ballads in the Sky and Dreaming of Heaven, and were extremely fantastic. However, there is another terrible description of the ghost world in Chang Ji's poems: "Ghost lights are like lacquer pine flowers" (Walking in Nanshan Field), "Ghost rain scatters grass" (Part III of Five Satiries), "Ghosts in autumn graves sing treasure poems and hate blood for thousands of years" (Qiu Lai), "Centenary owls become charming and laugh at the blue fire nest", by Li He. The queen mother's peach blossom is red a thousand times, and how many times has Peng Zu Wu Xian died? " Poems such as "Hao Ge" affirm the changes of all things and point out the natural laws of vicissitudes, birth, aging, illness and death. Poems such as "Immortal" and "Bitter Days are Short" directly describe the imaginary birthdays of ghosts and gods, pointing at Tang Xianzong, who doesn't care about ghosts and gods, and attacking the absurdity of his pursuit of immortality. Du Mu said: "Stubborn and stubborn, it is not enough to complain about sadness" and "furtive, it is not enough to be absurd and illusory" ("Li Changji's Poems"), which is the general comment on this kind of poems.
(4) Other themes such as chanting things. Among them, such as Li Ping's quotations, Shen's songs and piano music. Through the strange imagination and metaphor of "rock-breaking", this paper describes the superb skills and touching musical beauty of musicians, expresses the author's embrace and gives people a deep feeling. Yang Sheng's Song of Blue and White Purple Stone Inks praised the ingenious workmanship of the working people. The Man in Luofushan and Gepian describes the stunt of the old weaver girl weaving rain to cut Hunan. There are also "four new bamboo shoots in Changgu North Garden" to praise youthful vitality with bamboo shoots; Poetry of Twenty-three Horses (Dragon Ridge Belongs to Horses) reflects real politics and expresses the author's anger by chanting horses. The last two groups of poems also use quatrains that Li He usually doesn't use. This kind of poems generally shows the breadth of Li He's poems and the depth of his thoughts. And works like "Beauty Combs Her Hair Song" reflect the author's attitude towards the life of aristocratic women (when newlyweds describe their wives). [6]
Handed down from ancient times:
outer city wall
Dreams in the sky
Yanmen satrap
To the hotel.
Li ping's quotations
Poems and Songs of Golden Copper Immortals in Han Dynasty
Qin Wang drinks alcohol.
The old lady picks jade songs.
Wild song
The painful days are short.
Twenty-three horse poems
Huangfushi in Miscellaneous Notes of Renheli
Five satirical poems
Song Yang Sheng's blue-and-white purple graphite
Luofushan people and Gepian
Songs in the sky
Haug
Qiu Lai.
Su Xiaoxiao tomb
Li He's hometown:
The hometown of Li He, a famous poet in the Tang Dynasty, is located in Sanxiang Valley, Yiyang County.
The Lianchang River to the east of Yiyang Village originates from Shaanxi County, passes through the valley from northwest to southeast, enters Yiyang Village through the northeast of Luoning County, and flows into Luohe River. Changgu is located at the confluence of Lianchang River and Luohe River, hence its name. The old "Yiyang County Records" contained: "Changji (Li He) is versatile and lives in Changgu". In Li He's poems, there are many works that directly take Changgu as the theme. According to the sentence of "Gongbei Xiao Tian Han Qi" in "Thirteen Poems of South Garden", this palace is the Lianchang Palace, which was built in Tang Gaozong in 658, also known as Yuyang Palace and Lanchang Palace. The site of Lianchang Palace is in Lianchang River Valley, and Li He's hometown is not far from Lianchang Palace. There is "Cold Shayun Mountain" (Guangwu Temple) in the west, and there are several female mountains across the river in the south. The famous Wuhua Temple Tower stands on the west bank of Lianchang River. Many powerful celebrities in those days, such as Wu Zetian, Tang Xuanzong, Zhang Jiuling, Cen Can, Han Yu, Bai Juyi, Yuan Zhen, Du Mu and so on. There are poems that are recited and sung.
Memorial building: Li He was buried in Longxi (now Yuanjiawan, Changgu Township, Longxi County, Gansu Province) after his death, commonly known as the "bachelor's grave". "Gongchang Fuzhi" records: "Renshou Mountain is located in Nanyili, and its Qinling branch stretches for more than a thousand miles, ending at the grandson of the county. There is a hanging spring on the right, like training a horse, with almost nothing. There are Wenchang Pavilion and Kuixing Building on it, and Li He's tomb on the back. " The Qianlong edition of Longxi County Records also said: "Renshou Mountain is in the southwest of the city ... with Li He's tomb on it." When irrigation and water conservancy projects were built in the 1970s, the mounds were destroyed.
Important notes:
1. Du Mu's Narration of Li Changji's Poetry
2. Li Shangyin's Biography of Li Changji'
3. Records of Literature and Art in the New Tang Dynasty (including five volumes of Li He's poems, one more volume than Xiao Du Li, which is an external volume).
4. Five volumes of Li Shi's poems in Northern Song Dynasty
5. Collected Works of Li Changji in Southern Song Dynasty
(There are mainly five kinds of prints, namely Bao Qin Edition, Xuancheng Edition, Shi Jing Edition and Yao Huiji Edition. The first three of them are all four volumes of 2 19 songs, and the last two volumes have an episode besides four volumes of 2 19 songs. )
6. Wu Zhengzi's Notes on Li Changji's Poems in the Southern Song Dynasty (this is the earliest annotation of Li Heshi's poems, which is divided into four parts: interpretation, proofreading, annotation and annotation. Wu also demonstrated in detail the evolution and characteristics of five kinds of block prints, such as Ben, Xuancheng Ben, Ben and Yao Huiji Ben.
7. In Sikuquanshu, Liu Chenweng's comments and Wu Zhengzi's comments were merged into a book called Annotations on Li Changji's Poems. The officials of Sikuquanshu commented on these two books as follows: "The comments were made by Masako, but the allusions are slightly sparse, which is better than the chaos of various families. Chen Weng's poetics took Youjun as the Sect and teased Jing Ke later. Du Fu's poems are carefully evaluated, regardless of size. Ji Gu called it Wang Shizhen. The prejudice between likes and dislikes is almost insoluble. However, judging from the congratulatory poems, their sectarian views are quite similar, so they are much more. "
8. Poems of Tang Li Ji, which was commented by Xu Wei and Dong Maoce in Ming Dynasty.
9. In the Ming Dynasty, Zeng Yi noted "Changji Valley"
10. Yu Guangjie's Long Valley Poems in Ming Dynasty
1 1. Huang Chunyao's evaluation of Li Changji in Ming Dynasty.
12. During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, six people, including Yao Bi and Qiu Xiangsheng, and seven people, including Sun Zhiwei, commented on Li Changji's set sentences.
13. Yao's Notes on Long Valley in Qing Dynasty
14. Notes on Li Changji's poems edited and commented by Liu Siqi in Qing Dynasty.
15. Li Rudong's Notes on Long Valley Collection in Qing Dynasty.
16. "Li Changji's Poems" annotated by Wang Qi in Qing Dynasty (this is a comprehensive review of Li He's poems, which is divided into two parts: collation and compilation, and the poems are recorded in a book, all of which are annotated by Wu Zhengzi. Since the Ming and Qing Dynasties, it has achieved the highest achievement and spread most widely. There are 241 poems in the four volumes, and Yuefu Poems compiled by Guo Maoqian includes Jing Nv Chun Shu Qu and Juvenile Music, so this 243 capital is the largest among Li Heji's various old annotations).
17. Wu Rulun's comments on Li Changji's poems in Qing Dynasty.
18. Notes on Li Changji's poems, approved by Fang Shiju in Qing Dynasty (Fang Shiju's comments are also worth reading, and Li Changji's poems can be found in Notes on Li Changji's Long Valley Poems, etc. , where there are 190 poems, there are always several notes, and in the notes, "those who are close to Chang Ji are marked with the same method" is specially used.
19. Li Jian's comments on Huang Chunyao's Comments on Li Changji in Qing Dynasty.
20. In the Qing Dynasty, Chen Zhu wrote "Xie Law Hook Xuan"
2 1. Li Yu's Notes on Long Valley Collection in Qing Dynasty
22. Ye Congqi's Poems of Li He (this is very important, which is three milestones with Wu Zhengzi's Notes on Poems of Li Changji in the Southern Song Dynasty and Wang Qi's Poems of Li Changji in the Qing Dynasty).
23. Li Yan notes "Li Heshi proofreading certificate"
24. Poems of Li He selected by Liu Sihan.
25. Selected poems and songs of Li He first analyzed by He You.
26. Yang Baopu's Shi Gui Poems
27. Fu Jingshun Li He Poetry Appreciation Collection.
28. Zhu Ziqing's Chronicle of Li He and its supplementary notes.
Hehe, that's all.