How to appreciate prose (ancient poetry)
Appreciate the article, what is important? Reward? 、? Analysis and evaluation? , that is, appreciation, analysis,
Evaluate the original work. The key to appreciation lies in reading the original text, examining the meaning of the question and grasping the details of writing. Specific can start from the following two aspects.
First, master the steps and methods of reading appreciation:
1. Mark the keywords with corresponding symbols and mark them with a red pen. (1) Title (limited topic, clear content, idea, suggested theme, background).
② Core words (words that summarize characteristics, words that appear repeatedly, words that express emotions)
(3) Key sentences (general sentence, turning sentence, summary sentence, explanation sentence, recurring sentence).
2. Summarize the general idea paragraph by paragraph (grasp the idea and structural framework of the article)
Analyze the structure of the full text, such as total-minute-total, total-minute, minute-total, minute-minute-minute; What kind of structure does the main body adopt: vertical structure, horizontal structure, crisscross structure, etc.
3. Focus on appreciation: A, content and theme; B, language characteristics; C. expressive techniques and rhetorical methods.
Second, master some technical terms of appreciating articles to improve the accuracy of appreciation.
(1) Appreciation of content and theme:
Answer format: (The places with ellipsis need to be supplemented according to the specific content of the article, not necessarily all. )
1. This paper expresses the author's thoughts and feelings ... through narration (description).
2. "..." reveals the theme ... in the first sentence and the first paragraph, or highlights the characters).
Commonly used terms are: profound theme, rich meaning and rhyme; Intriguing; Profound and original, with strong penetrating power; Rebound the pipa, think reversely, break through the stereotype and be unconventional; People don't have me, and people have me.
Exodus: Opposing isolation and hatred and calling for fraternity and affinity are fragments of the Berlin Wall.
The theme of.
(2) Appreciation of material selection, composition or conception
Answer format: (The places with ellipsis need to be supplemented according to the specific content of the article, not necessarily all. )
1 and ... are the most prominent features in the concept. ....
2. The biggest feature of the idea of "..." is ...
Commonly used terms are: from small to large, from here to there, layer by layer; From reality to emptiness, multi-angle description, layer by layer paving, layer by layer peeling bamboo shoots; Clever clues, care from beginning to end, bedding, and proper details; Want to improve first and then suppress, ups and downs, etc.
(C) appreciate the language features
Answer format: (The places with ellipsis need to be supplemented according to the specific content of the article, not necessarily all. )
1, the language of this article (paragraph) is vivid, beautiful, friendly and natural, full of
Elegant bookishness, especially the figurative rhetoric, vividly shows us a picture of ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
2. The sentence patterns in this article (paragraph) are flexible and changeable, such as long sentences, short sentences, parallelism sentences, antithesis sentences and rhetorical questions. Lively, colorful, rhythmic and expressive, people can never get tired of reading it and have endless aftertaste.
3. In this Article (Paragraph), "Article 1" means "Article 2".
A picture of ...
The feelings expressed in this article (paragraph) are profound, meaningful and touching, and the readers are all moved by that kind of sincere and strong feelings.
5. The language in this article (paragraph) is very rich in the flavor of …, especially the words of …, which vividly depicts the image of …, making people laugh, and then entering the deep thinking of …, which is very beneficial.
6. The language in this article (paragraph) is very philosophical, especially a few sentences, which tell us about …, make us understand the truth of … after reading it, and inspire us to think deeply about …, which is very beneficial.
7. The language of this article (sentence) is implicit and memorable. Like what? ———————? Literally, the author said ——————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————.
Partial appreciation:
1. Life is like a bag of walnuts. When you find that one is broken, don't be angry, don't be discouraged, and look at the next one patiently, because in this bag, there are good and bad, and there are pains, troubles, happiness and hopes in life. I can't give up the opportunity to be happy because of temporary pain. This opportunity depends on us to strive for, discover and pursue. (start)
[Opinion]: The author compares life to a bag of walnuts. How ingenious and novel it is, it naturally leads to the truth that life is both painful and joyful.
2, learn to pursue, we are strategizing generals; Learn to pursue, we are the guides who show the way and have lofty sentiments; Learn to pursue, we are the helm of the boat of life; Learn to pursue, be good at pursuing, and be a comfortable and successful modern person. (End)
[Comment]: These whole sentences are catchy and lyrical, which can enhance the language potential and have strong appeal. They are a beautiful scenery in the article.
Everyone jumped out of the boat, happily pulling the pole before, and happily pulling the pole after. The younger ones sat in the cabin with me, and the older ones gathered at the stern ————————————— We had already started sailing, bumped on the bridge, retreated a few feet, then stepped forward and walked out of the bridge.
"Comment": The author shows the excellent characteristics of rural children through action description. ? Jump? Write their lightness and liveliness; ? Cheer up and knock it back? Verbs, such as writing that you have a clear division of labor and tacit cooperation, are masters of rowing; ? Accompany? Write their friendship and understanding.
(D) Appreciation of writing skills
1, see the big from the small: this paper starts with what we are familiar with and grasps …
The characteristics of. (or reflect the lofty ideological realm from ordinary things; Or show a good spiritual quality from ordinary little things. )
2. Contrast: This paper presents … and … skillfully in front of readers by means of contrast, so that readers can naturally feel the changes (or advantages and disadvantages) of … from the comparison, thus clearly showing …
3. Symbolism: This paper uses symbolic writing techniques to grasp the similar characteristics between … and …, and through the accurate description of …, it better achieves the purpose of expressing ….
4. Coincidence: This paper skillfully uses coincidence ..., which is not only unexpected to readers, but also reasonable in life, which shows the theme well and makes people nod and praise after reading it.
5. Moderation: This paper adopts the method of modulation. The author's original intention is ... First, let readers have a more comprehensive and profound understanding of ... and express more full and vivid objects.
6. Detonation: This paper uses the method of detonation, detonation.
In front of readers, the expressive force of the article is enhanced.
7, contrast: This paper uses a lot of environmental contrast to express the psychology of objects, in the ... environment, to better express the inner world of characters and enhance the expressive force of the article.
8. Consignment to express meaning: This paper skillfully uses the writing method of entrustment to express meaning. The author firmly grasps the characteristics of ...
9. Suspense: This paper skillfully uses the writing technique of suspense. First of all, it throws out ... not explaining the reasons to the readers, and asking questions at different levels, so as to firmly grasp the readers' reading interest and better achieve the purpose of expressing their themes. Attachment: Related expressions of various schools:
The expressive techniques of lyric prose are rich and colorful, such as borrowing scenery to express emotion, supporting things to express emotion, combining cadence with symbolism and so on.
Narrative writing skills such as beginning and end coordination, finishing touch, clever use of rhetoric, proper details, combination of narration and discussion, positive and negative comparison, etc.
Argumentative writing skills such as quoting classics, clever analogy, reverse seeking differences, positive and negative comparison, analogy reasoning, etc.
Ancient poetry: Fu Bi's trip, allusions, setting off, comparing, rendering, expressing ambition, making the finishing point, seeing the big from the small, expressing ambition from the small, associating, imagining and reversing the word order.
Appreciate the article examples:
A heartfelt hymn
-Talking about "those distant scholars"
Topic creativity and expression
This is a prose with strong cultural color. The theme of this paper is sincere admiration and praise for Yuelu Academy.
First of all, the author expresses his admiration for the sages through direct description, such as the fifth paragraph of the article? They are ambitious, confident, and sober-minded about themselves and society. They believe in the creed of "applying what they have learned" from the beginning? As well as other sentences, the admiration for the sages revealed between the lines seems sincere; What about the eighth paragraph? Only Chu Youcai can flourish in thinking. The reason why Jingchu is full of talented people and Huxiang culture has a long history can not be said to be attributed to Yuelu Academy. Directly praised the contribution of Yuelu Academy.
Secondly, the author also expresses his admiration for the sages by quoting allusions, such as the first paragraph? Drinking horse pool? Allusions, the tenth paragraph quotes? Can Zhang Zhu talk? Allusions not only praised the profound knowledge and charisma of sages such as Zhu and Zhang Qian, but also paid great respect to those students who studied thousands of miles away.
Zhu Hong's "Students from afar" sincerely wrote a hymn for Yuelu Academy and the students who came here to study!
Example 2
Fly around and return to the sect.
-on the conception skills of those distant scholars
The article "Those Scholars Far Away" has a unique idea: it is rich in associations and has a thousand years of thoughts, but it is freely put away and scattered all over the place, reflecting the characteristics of galloping freely and returning to the ancestral home. Mainly manifested in:
First, Lenovo has money. As soon as the author approached Yuelu Academy, he thought of those pioneers, and then thought of Wang Fuzhi, Wei Yuan, Zeng Guofan and others who came out of the academy, and thought of the poor scholars in Strange Tales from a Lonely Studio and their purpose of reading ... It was a thousand years' thought, which greatly enriched the content and deepened the theme of the article.
The second is to gather together. Although there are many historical figures involved in the article, there are also many contents written, such as studying on foot, sincere communication and refusing to be a senior official ... but all these are organized with Yuelu Academy as the focus and the author's sincere admiration and praise for Yuelu Academy scholars as the main line. The article, whether narrative, argumentative or lyrical, is also carried out around this main line. Without careful design, even the best materials can't make a beautiful house.
In a word, the reason why this article is so exquisite is that the author above is ingenious.
Prose and Appreciation Part II: Prose Appreciation
Appreciation of Lu Xun's prose Autumn Night
Images give us different feelings.
Name: Student ID: Class: 10 Communication Technology Department 2: Electronics Department
In the evening, we like to take people, or walk, wander in warm streets, or walk in quiet forest paths. At night, we blow the cool evening breeze, smell the warm fragrance, listen to the laughter of the old people and children under the tree, and feel the breath of the happy era of 2 1 century. After a busy day, we are looking forward to the arrival of the night, waiting for it to give us peace and happiness. However, Lu Xun's Autumn Night presents us with a different night. Reading its words and appreciating its images will only make us feel profound and profound.
Autumn Night is the first piece of Lu Xun's prose poetry collection Weeds, which was published in192465438+February. Combined with its background, Night is the author's strong and obscure protest and cry against the northern warlords and feudal rule at that time, and it is the author's ideological struggle with the feudal reactionary forces. Autumn Night is a perfect combination of ideology and artistry. Through hidden symbolism, the author uses various images in Autumn Night to symbolize his love for light and hatred for darkness. In Lu Xun's eyes, "jujube trees, pink flowers and bugs" are the embodiment of justice, while "night sky, frost, bad birds and the moon" are evil images. Two groups of images representing light and darkness contain the author's specific thoughts and beliefs and express the author's unique life feelings. Due to the complexity of the times, the author frankly points out that the images contained in the article are inappropriate. Only through a series of images can he express his profound thoughts on Autumn Night, thus expressing the author's strong protest against reactionary rule and dark forces, and at the same time showing his arduous and tenacious spirit of seeking on the revolutionary road.
At the beginning, the first image "jujube tree" in the text is directly pointed out, and the language is very distinctive. "There are two trees outside the wall, one is a jujube tree and the other is a jujube tree." Obviously, the author deliberately used repeated rhetorical devices, which not only highlighted the image of jujube, deepened the reader's impression of jujube, but also paved the way for the further description of jujube below. In the author's eyes, the image of jujube tree is tall and its trunk is straight. Although it has lost all its fruits and leaves, it still "knows the dream of pink flowers and that there will be spring after autumn" and "knows the dream of falling leaves, and it is still autumn after spring". Its vitality is dim, but it has a strong and fearless spirit. For pale pink flowers and fallen leaves, they will still be as silent as iron. It must persevere in stabbing at the night sky and the full moon that devours everything!
Pink flower is so weak, naive and blindly optimistic. They are the symbols of the vulnerable people who are kind and simple but deeply persecuted by society. The same is true of the little caterpillar, petite and pitiful, but not the same as the pink flower. They "tinkled on the glass lampshade", just like those revolutionaries who moved towards light and justice. Even if they are smashed into pieces, even if they are hit hard, they will still devote their lives to the pursuit of light like moths to a fire! Although the "pink flowers" have their inevitable weakness and vacillation, and the "little green worms" also have their reckless and childish personality defects, in the author's eyes, they are still victims and oppressed under reactionary rule, and they are weak and kind groups, and they still deserve the author's deep sympathy and certain support and praise.
The strange and lofty sky is cold, quiet and solemn at night. It's "very blue and shiny."
With the eyes of dozens of stars, coldly. ",it proudly and meaningfully smiled, mercilessly sprinkled cold" numerous frost "in the garden, hoping to freeze all the flowers and plants to death and cruelly trample on the lives of the weak. . . . . The sky in autumn night is high, quiet, cold and dark. It is the supreme ruler of the night, sending ruthless killers to destroy the weak who are still alive in the world, and it also has a smile that it thinks is of great significance. The author regards the night sky as a symbol of cruel and cruel rulers, and uses anthropomorphic means to sketch the ugly expression of the night sky, satirizing the barbaric means of the northern warlords. His works are obscure and full of contempt and disgust. He despised the dark forces at that time and hated their oppression and trampling on the weak! However dark and evil the reactionary rulers are, they are still in constant fear. They "want to leave this world, avoid jujube trees and leave only the moon." "However," the moon also secretly hid in the east. "It is conceivable that the bare jujube trees are so brave and fearless that they fight against the dark forces without mercy, and even the" nocturnal evil birds "roared past. "Although' jujube tree' is lonely, it also carries a' skin injury'. It became more and more brave in the Vietnam War, so tenacious and unyielding. It stabbed its bare trunk into the strange and high sky, and it was determined to kill the night sky. No matter how many eyes flashed in the night sky to confuse it, jujube tree was like this-it will always be a sober and fearless tenacious warrior! He is the god of war in Mr. Lu Xun's heart and a poetic portrayal of his personality, spirit and fighting pride.
Autumn Night describes the scenery everywhere, which looks like scenery, but in fact it contains the author's profound thoughts. Whether it's lonely jujube trees, tiny pink flowers and bugs, or strange high sky, full moon and night birds, the author's thoughts and feelings are always saturated in the contest between light and darkness, but behind the landscape writing, it clearly and strongly conveys the cry of the author's heart!