The first learning goal
1. Read the text with emotion to stimulate students' interest in learning and get close to ancient literary works.
2. Close to the language of the text, I feel the characteristics of Zhou Yu, Zhuge Liang and other characters in the text, especially by learning the part of Zhuge Liang's planning and arrangement of "borrowing grass boats to release arrows", and I feel that Zhuge Liang is resourceful, carefully arranged, astronomical and geographical, and connected with the people.
3. Learn the new words such as "jealousy, supervision, stockade, rolling, that, success" and the new words composed of these words, and know the new words such as "Yu, Mu".
Teaching focus
1. Understand the cause and process of "borrowing arrows from grass boats".
2, buckle the language, feel the characters, and experience the fun of reading famous books.
Preparation before class
1, students prepare:
If you can, read Romance of the Three Kingdoms, articles 42 to 46. Understand the situation of Wei, Shu and Wu at that time and why Zhou Yu was jealous of Zhuge Liang.
2. Teacher preparation:
Make the multimedia courseware of this lesson.
Class arrangement
2 class hours.
teaching process
first kind
First, create an artistic conception and feel wonderful
1. Create artistic conception and render atmosphere. Play clips and theme songs of the TV series Romance of the Three Kingdoms before class.
2. Mobilize accumulation:
Are you familiar with the main characters and stories in The Romance of the Three Kingdoms?
3, try to communicate, the overall perception:
(1) Heart-to-heart: Today, the teacher and everyone came to enjoy a wonderful story in The Romance of the Three Kingdoms. The teacher believes that many students are familiar with this story. Who will introduce the main content of the story?
(2) student communication.
⑶ Evaluate students' communication.
Second, cut into the center and understand the "mystery"
1, underline the central sentence in the text:
Please read the full text carefully and underline the central sentence in the text-"Zhou Yu sighed and said,' Zhuge Liang has a brilliant plan, I really can't compare with him!'" " "
2. After reading the sentiment, Zhou Yu sighed at the end of his life: "Yu is born, He Shengliang!" Please read the text freely, underline the sentences that you think best express Zhuge Liang's wisdom, and then try to understand where Zhuge Liang is and what is wonderful.
3. Students learn independently. Experience while reading and drawing.
4. Communication and dialogue:
Taking Zhuge Liang understands astronomy as an example, the teaching process is as follows:
(1) Read the sentence: "At this time, it is foggy all over the sky, and it is difficult to meet each other on the river."
Role transposition, comparative experience: Zhuge Liang and Lu Su saw this fog. How will their respective moods be? What does the psychological society think?
Role playing reading.
⑵ Experience in the context of the text. It can be seen from these places in the article that Zhuge Liang calculated the fog in advance. For example, in the second paragraph, Zhuge Liang said,' It only takes three days'. "
Zhuge Liang said, "How dare you joke with the satrap? I am willing to make a written commitment to carry out military orders. If I can't finish it in three days, I will be punished. " "
"Zhuge Liang said,' Today is too late. From tomorrow to the third day, please send 500 non-commissioned officers to the river to carry arrows. " "
In the fourth paragraph, Zhuge Liang said,' You lend me twenty boats, and each boat needs thirty sergeants. Cover the boat with a blue curtain ... On the third day, leave 100,000 arrows. But I can't let the governor know. If he knows, my plan will be over. " "
On the first day of the sixth paragraph, Zhuge Liang did not move; The next day, Zhuge Liang still did not move; It was not until four o'clock on the third day that Zhuge Liang secretly invited Lu Su aboard. Lu Su asked him,' What do you want me to do?' Zhuge Liang said, "Please go and bring the arrows with you." "
At this time, it was foggy, and even the face of the river could not be seen clearly.
5, group self-study exchange "Zhuge Liang knows the right place" plot. The teaching process is envisaged as follows:
(1) Read the text silently and circle the relevant sentences or keywords.
(2) Exchange experience.
Related sentences in the text:
In the sixth natural paragraph, "Zhuge Liang ordered 20 ships to be connected and headed for the north shore."
In the eighth natural paragraph, "Zhuge Liang ordered the ship to turn over again, with the bow facing east and the stern facing west, still beating drums and shouting, and approaching Cao Jun water town to get an arrow." The word "approaching" in this sentence can especially reflect Zhuge Liang's ingenious calculation: reason one: if you push too close, Cao Cao can see through the secret; Reason 2: It's far from Cao Jun Shuizhai, so it won't be hit by arrows or the area hit by arrows is not large. The mastery of "degree" lies in wisdom.
Third, extracurricular expansion.
1. Read the Romance of the Three Kingdoms for the 40th, 46th and 90th times.
2. Focus on reading the text of "Zhuge Liang understands people's hearts" in your favorite way.
Second lesson
First, appreciate the classics and read them.
1, dialogue:
Last class, we enjoyed the historical story "Grass Boat Borrows Arrows" together, and the teacher learned that the students especially admired Zhuge Liang's clever calculation. Some students say that Zhuge Liang knows astronomy, some students say that he knows the geographical location, and some students say that the most important reason why Zhuge Liang can borrow arrows is that he knows people's hearts. Indeed, the article brilliantly describes the content of "Zhuge Liang knows people's hearts", which is also the focus of this lesson. If the teacher asked you to choose the learning method that you like best or can best show your talents to appreciate and explore the content of the text "Zhuge Liang knows people's hearts", what kind of learning method would you use to explore?
2. Students report after a short meditation, and the teacher summarizes the following learning methods:
⑴ Reading aloud: Reading aloud with emotion.
(2) Say: Choose the most wonderful part of the story and add your own imagination to tell it vividly.
⑶ Performance: Invite some students or teachers to perform stories in different roles.
(4) Comments: Comment on Zhuge Liang's "ingenious calculation"-knowing people's hearts.
(5) Writing: According to the TV series you have seen, expand your imagination and write some scenes of "Zhuge Liang knows people's hearts".
3. Students discuss and determine their own learning style, which can be individual learning or cooperative learning.
4, teacher-student interaction, timely guidance, so that students can master some learning methods and learning strategies. Example:
⑴ Reading aloud: If you choose the "emotional reading" learning method for the text content of Zhuge Liang Knowing People's Hearts, please read aloud in person according to your own understanding of the characters' emotions, so as to achieve the effect of vivid sounds and feelings and vivid characters.
⑵ Say: What do you have to say about learning "Zhuge Liang knows people's hearts"?
Communication points:
(1) The main plot and content should be clear.
The content of the story can be created appropriately, especially the dialogue in the second paragraph, which has some vivid hints and interesting details.
③ Language should be natural and fluent. The language of different characters should use different tones and intonations, showing the personality characteristics of different characters.
Speak generously, pay attention to the reaction of the "audience" and communicate with them with eyes and gestures.
⑶ Acting: If you choose the learning method of "acting" to learn the contents of Zhuge Di's Understanding People's Hearts, how should you act?
Communication points:
(1) make up a "script". Change the text content to "script", and some languages should be changed appropriately.
② Choose "actor" and assign "role".
They are familiar with the "line".
④ Prepare simple "props".
⑤ Note: First, you can perform specific segments: for example, the "dialogue confrontation" in the second paragraph; The seventh paragraph "drinking for fun"; Second, you can rehearse the whole text.
5. Let the students choose their favorite methods, choose their study partners according to different requirements, enjoy the famous books and read the text content of "Zhuge Liang knows people's hearts".
6. Group communication, class report, free appreciation and reading: guide students to report around "knowing people's minds" and teachers to participate in interaction.
Take the seventh natural section for example-"Zhuge Liang said with a smile:' In such a heavy fog, Cao Cao must not dare to send troops. We just drink for fun and go back at dawn. "
For this clip, if students adopt the learning strategy of performance inquiry, they can create the following teaching situations:
Teacher: "In the text" Borrowing an Arrow from a Grass Boat ",there is 1 1 where Zhuge Liang speaks, but this is the only place where Zhuge Liang laughs. Let's see how Zhuge Liang' smiles' at this moment? "
(Maybe: Zhuge Liang looked at the north shore and snorted softly from his nostrils: "The fog is so heavy that Cao Cao must not dare to send troops. We just drink for fun and go back at dawn. " This is a mockery of Cao Cao's contempt )
Zhuge Liang smiled at the south bank and said, "Cao Cao must not dare to send troops in such a heavy fog." We just drink for fun and go back at dawn. " This is a hearty laugh that can't be suppressed after defeating Zhou Yu. )
Zhuge Liang looked at the ship ahead, listened to the drums and shouts, and said with a smile, "Cao Cao must not dare to send troops in such a heavy fog." We just drink for fun and go back at dawn. " This is a proud and confident smile. )
Teacher: Now, please read aloud the different meanings of "laughter".
Second, create "dialogue" and shape personality
1. Can students use appropriate idioms or four-word words to summarize the personality characteristics of different characters? (Students write on the blackboard)
2, speaking with related words training:
Provide several groups of related words:
Because ... so, if ... just, just ... just, although ... but, once ... just.
Talk: The teacher provided several groups of related words, and the students tried to use these groups of related words, and combined with the words you just summarized to express the characteristics of the characters, completely introduced the ins and outs of the historical story of borrowing arrows from grass boats.
3. Poetry appreciation classics:
Teacher: Express this story in words:
It is not common for a straw boat to borrow an arrow.
There is an article about success or failure.
Governor Zhou Yu tried to frame him,
Mr. Kong Ming, deal with it skillfully.
Brilliant astronomy, fog all over the sky,
Knowing and doing are one, you can learn from Cao Cao.
Insight into people's hearts, clever planning,
Arrows rained down and returned with a full load.
Clever calculation, Zhuge Liang,
Generation after generation, beautiful women are famous.
Students who like it can read it or recite it.
Third, link famous works and expand the text.
Please speak freely after reading the original romance of the Three Kingdoms, such as "Empty City Plan"; Back to the fiftieth "Zhuge Liang's beauty, easy to release Cao Cao"; Back to the fifty-first "Coss war Wu Dongbing, kongming in Zhou Gongjin"; Back to the fifty-fifth "XuanDeZhi with Mrs Sun, kongming gas Zhou Gongjin"; Back to the fifty-sixth "Cao Cao's banquet in Bronze Quetai, Kongming three gas Zhou Gongjin".
Fourth, operate the supermarket.
1, Solitaire retells the story.
2. Interpret the text into a textbook drama.
Teaching objectives of Article 2
1. Learn 10 In this lesson, new words such as "jealous, doodle, and Lu", write new words such as 14 jealous, jealous, Cao, doodle, and write words such as deliberation, shirking, and snooping, understand the meaning of the sentence, and make sentences with "shirking and relaxing".
2. In cognitive learning, we should grasp the clues of the development of things, make clear the causes, processes and results, and understand the substantive significance of events.
3. Understand the plot of this lesson, and let the students realize that Zhuge Liang's courage, knowledge and resourcefulness are the main reasons for his victory with arrows.
4. Experience the echo of the writing of the article from beginning to end.
Emphasis and difficulty in teaching
1. Let the students read the text. On the basis of reading, they realized that Zhuge Liang's main reasons for winning with arrows were courage, knowledge and resourcefulness.
2. We can understand the role of the beginning and end of the article from the characters described in the article.
Teaching time
Three classes.
Teaching preparation
1. Find information about the characters in the Romance of the Three Kingdoms, such as Zhuge Liang, Cao Cao and Zhou Yu.
2. Prepare the film and television materials of the Romance of the Three Kingdoms.
teaching process
first kind
First, reveal the topic.
1, quoted from the story of Battle of Red Cliffs:
Teacher: The Romance of the Three Kingdoms is one of China's four classical novels. The characters in it are witty or brave, and the characterization is particularly successful, among which Zhuge Liang is particularly vivid. Today we are going to learn a text mainly about Zhuge Liang and Zhou Yu.
2. Expose and read the questions.
3. Review of issues:
What is a grass boat? What does it mean to borrow an arrow from a grass boat?
4. Read the topic again, read the topic. What do you want to know?
Let me see: Who borrowed the arrow from the straw boat? Why did you borrow an arrow from a straw boat? How did the grass boat borrow the arrow? Did you finally borrow the arrow?
Second, read the text for the first time and clarify the context.
1, answer the question.
Explain the reason, process and result of borrowing arrows from grass boats. This is also solving the second problem after class. )
2. We regard the process of borrowing arrows from grass boats as the preparation before borrowing arrows and the process of borrowing arrows:
3. Teach yourself the words in the text, mark the paragraph numbers, read through the text and fill in the blanks.
The reason why the straw boat borrows arrows: It takes three days to build 100,000 arrows.
Preparation before borrowing an arrow: grass boat, sergeant.
The process of borrowing arrows by the grass boat: approaching the water village → collecting arrows on one side → collecting arrows on the other side → heading for the south bank.
The result of borrowing the arrow from the straw boat: delivery on time, Zhou Yu was amazed.
4. Divide the article according to the outline:
I (1 2 natural segment), II (3 ~ 5 natural segment), III (6 ~ 9 natural segment), IV (10 natural segment).
This is to segment the text in the order of development.
Third, learn the first paragraph.
1 for paragraph 1:
What is "jealousy"?
Resentment for people who are better than themselves in talent, reputation, status or situation. )
2. Can you see Zhou Yu's jealousy of Zhuge Liang from the second dialogue?
(1) Assign two students to read the second paragraph of the text in roles, and the teacher will read the narration.
Listen to two students talk about several rounds and number each round.
Zhou Yu's jealousy of Zhuge Liang can be seen in every round of dialogue. Let's take a look at what Zhou Yu and Zhuge Liang were thinking when they talked.
3. Learn the first round of dialogue:
(1) Read together and think about what Zhou Yu thinks according to the teacher's questions.
The teacher asked: Zhou Yu is the viceroy, doesn't he know?
Health: Zhou Yu knows, he knows perfectly well past ask.
What is Zhou Yu thinking at this moment? Discuss in pairs:
Communication: In pairs, one reads what Zhou Yu said and the other talks about Zhou Yu's psychological activities.
You can use your imagination and have different answers. )
Health: "You answered with a bow and arrow, so you fell into my trap."
Health: "You will definitely say bow and arrow, and that's exactly what I want." ...
(3) Transition: Obviously, Zhou Yu is planning to frame Zhuge Liang, so how did he proceed step by step?
4. Learn the second round of dialogue:
(1) Name two people to read the dialogue, during which the teacher asks questions to let everyone consider Zhou Yu's psychological activities:
What does "business" mean? What do you mean "turn around and leave"? Why can't you turn it down?
(Zhou Yu pressed Zhuge Liang with official business, which made Zhuge Liang unable to refuse. )
2 deskmates discuss Zhou Yu's psychological activities just now:
Communication: "I press you with business, but you can't push it if you want."
5. Learn the third to sixth dialogues:
⑴ Four groups discuss ~ six rounds of dialogue, learn the method just now, divide the role dialogue first, and then talk about Zhou Yu's psychological activities.
In the last round, Zhou Yu didn't ask questions, but did one thing-issued a military order and served liquor.
(2) Discussion and communication:
6. To sum up, we can see that Zhou Yu is pressing hard step by step, trying to trap Zhuge Liang. From every conversation, we can see Zhou Yu's jealousy and resentment.
7. Zhou Yu framed Zhuge Liang, and Zhuge Liang seemed to be trapped by him and let Zhou Yu's plan succeed. Is that really the case?
(1) Thinking: What is the psychological activity of Zhuge Liang and Zhou Yu during the dialogue?
Why did he promise Zhou Yu such an impossible task? Read 1 ~ 2 silently and consider these questions.
Zhuge Liang actually saw through Zhou Yu's plan, but he focused on the national plan, took into account the victory of the water war, and regardless of personal grievances, promised to build 100 thousand arrows in three days. )
② Divide into groups and roles, name the whole life, read the narration, read 1 and 2 chapters, and experience the inner activities of the characters.
Four. abstract
Zhou Yu wanted to harm Zhuge Liang, and Zhuge Liang made a military order. So how did things develop? Continue to study next class.
Second lesson
First, review the introduction.
1. We read the text at the beginning of last class and divided it into four paragraphs in the order of development. And studied the first paragraph of the text, and learned that the reason of "making arrows with straw boats" was that Zhou Yu was jealous of Zhuge Liang and used the order of 10 to plot against Zhuge Liang. Zhuge Liang made 100,000 arrows three days after he issued a military order.
2. Which sentence in the first paragraph points out the reason why Zhou Yu is jealous of Zhuge Liang?
(The first sentence of the full text. ) answer by name.
Teacher: The reason is pointed out at the beginning of the text. Read this sentence together.
There is another place in the second and fourth paragraphs of the text that Zhuge Liang is a talented person. Read the second and fourth paragraphs silently quickly and find out this sentence. (The last sentence of the full text. )
Second, learn two or four paragraphs.
1. What is the relationship between the sentence at the end of the full text and the sentence at the beginning? Name two people to read. (echoing from beginning to end. )
Teacher-student cooperation (the first sentence of the teacher and the last sentence of the student) echoes the reading comprehension from beginning to end.
2. Understand the words. (blackboard writing: clever calculation)
Q: How to explain morpheme synthesis?
Display: ingenious calculation-amazing wit, ingenious planning, descriptive foresight, good at estimating objective situation and deciding strategy.
3. How did Zhuge Liang calculate skillfully?
4. Read the second to fourth paragraphs of the text silently, looking for clever calculations that highlight Zhuge Liang's ingenuity. Predictable sentences with answers are underlined with "-".
Communicate and show the small blackboard:
On the third day, I kept 100 thousand arrows.
I can't let Governor Zhou know, or my plan will be finished.
(3) Lu Su ... came back to see Zhou Yu, so he didn't mention borrowing the boat.
(4) On the first day ... the second day ... until the fourth watch on the third day, Nogeliang secretly invited Lu Su to board the ship.
The fog is so heavy that Cao Cao certainly dare not send troops.
Let's just have a drink and go back at dawn.
Third, learn "knowing Zhou Yu"
1, silently read the sentence (2) on the blackboard, and express the meaning of the sentence with the sentence "If …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
2. Why did Zhuge Liang have such an assumption?
(1) Read the third section by name.
(2) Fill in the blanks orally.
Because Zhuge Liang knew that Zhou Yu was jealous of his talent and would hinder him, Zhuge Liang asked Lu Su not to tell Zhou Yu about it.
Discuss the blanks and communicate in pairs. Read it together.
Blackboard writing:
Know Zhou Yuxin.
3. What does Zhuge Liang want Lu Su to do? Read the sentence by name: "I hope you can borrow ... both sides of the boat."
(1) Comparative sentence:
I hope you can borrow both sides of the boat.
I hope you can lend me some boats. "Every boat should have a sergeant and many straw handles.
Q: What's the difference between these two sentences? Which sentence is good? Why?
(The first sentence uses specific figures to write Zhuge Liang's specific requirements for the ship. The first sentence is good, which shows that Zhuge Ke has a plan in mind. )
(2) Read this sentence together:
Teacher: This row of more than 1000 grass-handled boats is one of the "grass boats borrowing arrows"-(raw) "grass boats".
Fourth, learn to "know Lu Su"
1. Zhuge Liang asked Lu Su not to tell Zhou Yu about it. What was the result?
Read the third sentence on the blackboard together.
2. Understand this sentence:
(1) What do you mean by "obvious"? (Show the small blackboard: The facts are consistent with what is said or expected. )
(2) What is "fact"? Who expected what was "said or expected"? What's the use of "Sure enough"?
The fact is that Lu Su didn't borrow a boat from Zhou Yu. Sure enough, Zhuge told Lu Su not to mention it. )
Q: Does it match? Using "sure enough" to indicate the fact is completely in line with Zhuge Liang's expectation.
⑶ Experience of reading sentences together.
3, the teacher introduced:
Lu Su is the general of Wu Dong. He is loyal and reliable. Just because Zhuge Liang knew Lu Su, he expected that he would not tell Zhou Yu about it. The use of the word "Sure enough" also shows that Zhuge Liang-Ban is a person who knows Lu Su well.
Up to now, the plan of borrowing arrows has been prepared in an orderly way. Experience of reading the second paragraph together.
Fifth, learn to "know the astronomical phenomena"
1, teacher: (refers to the sentence on the blackboard (1) (4)).
2. Read paragraphs 6 ~ 7 by roll call, and explain why Zhuge Liang chose to start at four o'clock on the third day.
Blackboard writing:
At four o'clock, because the river is foggy at this time.
(1) board: foggy.
(2) To what extent did most rivers spread at this time? I can't even look face to face. )
3. What will happen in this fog? What does it have to do with borrowing arrows?
(1) Show me: Because the river is foggy, you can't even see face to face, so ...
(2) Read Verses 6 and 7 silently first, and then discuss in groups of four how to complete sentences in various ways.
So I chose to leave at four o'clock on the third day. So put the boat near the water town of Cao Jun. So I asked the sergeant to beat the drums and shout loudly. That's why Cao Jun didn't send troops. )
4. Obviously, foggy climate change is an essential factor to win by arrows, and it is also the reason why Zhuge Liang chose to start at four o'clock on the third day.
(1) When did Zhuge Liang decide to start work at this time? (When the written pledge to fulfill a military order was made three days ago. ) why?
As early as three days ago, Zhuge Liang predicted that there would be heavy fog in three days, which was attributed to his understanding of astronomical phenomena and weather changes. Writing on the blackboard: knowing the sky
⑶ Read the first sentence (1) and the fourth sentence (4) on the blackboard together, and experience Zhuge Liang's ingenious calculation of astronomical phenomena.
5. It was because of the fog on the river that Zhuge Liang approached Cao Jun Shuizhai before dawn. How did he arrange the boats? Quote the relevant sentences in the book. (The bow is super west, the stern is facing east, and the word is spread out. )
(1) See the schematic diagram 1. Show that the bow faces west and the stern faces east. )
What is the purpose of this arrangement? (preparing for the arrow)
(2) Self-ordered, but Lu Su was not surprised that the fleet was too close to Cao. He said, "Self-ordered."
The third category
First, look back.
Second, continue to learn parts 2 ~ 4.
Learn to know Cao Cao;
1, this is Zhuge Liang's expectation. What is the fact? Introduction ── (Cao Cao is in the camp ... It seems that it is going to rain. )
2. What does "virtual reality" mean?
("virtual" and "real" are antonyms, and "virtual and real" means the actual situation inside. )
3. What does the article refer to? Which side can't be seen clearly? Draw Zhuge Liang's inner reality with wavy lines. )
"Twenty ships ... lined up on both sides of the ship." (Paragraph 4)
With so few soldiers and no weapons on board, Cao Cao has nothing to be afraid of, but why didn't he dare to send troops? Fill in the blanks orally.
Show:
Cao Cao is afraid to go out easily because the fog on the river is so thick that he can't even see face to face. )
Teacher: In this case, if it is someone else, it may be possible to send troops, but Cao Cao will never send troops, because Cao Cao is a suspicious person by nature.
Blackboard writing:
Know the nature of Cao Cao
5. How did Cao Cao do it at this moment and how did Zhuge Liang do it?
Name a person who will read Cao Cao's sentence. Let's read and write Zhuge Liang's sentences and read the eighth section together.
6. Look at schematic diagram 2: the bow faces east and the stern faces west.
Teacher: At this moment, Zhuge Liang ordered the boat to be turned over, with the bow facing east and the stern facing west. Why? One side is full of arrows, let the other side take the arrows again. Now, can you tell me something about this "wonderful"?
Learning "Li";
1, transition: When more than 10,000 crossbowmen from Cao Jun shot arrows at the grass boat together, Zhuge Liang and Lu Su were drinking on the boat for fun. Because Zhuge Liang said the sixth sentence on the blackboard.
2. How did Zhuge Liang's fleet get back at dawn? Read verse 9 silently and find a word to sum it up.
Board of Directors: Smooth sailing.
3. Show the picture projection for the third time 1:
(1) Read Section 9 silently again according to the word "smooth sailing". Think about which direction the water flows and what was the wind direction at that time. (Please use the arrows on the schematic diagram. )→
(2) Teacher's introduction: The Yangtze River flows from west to east. In a calm moment, 20 ships flew back more than 20 miles, and Cao Cao couldn't catch it.
(3) Is it a coincidence that Zhuge Liang can take advantage of favorable conditions? This shows that Zhuge Liang knows the geographical advantages well and can make use of them.
Blackboard writing:
Xiaodili
4. Read paragraph 9 together.
Third, learn the fourth paragraph.
1, watch the fourth paragraph together.
2, combined with the text to say feelings.
Fourth, read the full text (group reading) and consider summarizing the meaning of each paragraph.
Verb (abbreviation of verb) read the whole text in different roles and consider
1. What form does the full text use to draw characters? What kind of person can Zhou Yu be seen from this story? And Zhuge Liang?
2. Guide the induction center to understand the reason why Zhuge Liang won with one arrow. Have courage, insight, and ingenious ideas. )
Finish the exercises after class