Moonlight Night on the Spring River
Zhang Ruoxu
The tide of the Spring River reaches the sea level, and the bright moon on the sea rises with the tide.
The twinkling waves follow the waves for thousands of miles, but there is no moon on the spring river.
The river flows around Fangdian, and the moonlight shines on the flowers and forests like sleet.
The frost is flying in the sky unknowingly, and the white sand on the pavilion cannot be seen.
The river and the sky are completely dust-free, and there is only a solitary moon in the bright sky.
Who by the river saw the moon for the first time? When did Jiang Yue shine on people?
Life is endless from generation to generation, but the river and the moon are only similar year after year.
I don’t know who Jiang Yue is waiting for, but I see the Yangtze River sending water.
The white clouds are slowly disappearing, and the green maple pond is full of sorrow.
Who is cheating tonight? Where do I miss Mingyue Tower?
The poor moon wanders upstairs, it should be seen away from the makeup mirror.
The jade door curtain cannot be rolled up, and it will come back when it is smashed and brushed on the anvil.
At this time, we look at each other but do not hear each other, and I hope that the moonlight will shine on you.
Swan geese fly long and fast, fish and dragons dive and leap into the water.
Last night I dreamed of falling flowers in the pond, and it was a pity that I didn’t return home in the middle of spring.
The spring water in the river is gone, and the moon has fallen in the river pool and is setting in the west again.
The slanting moon hides the sea fog, and the Jieshi and Xiaoxiang roads are endless.
I don’t know how many people will return home by the moon. The falling moon shakes the trees all over the river with love.
Notes
Notes:
It was praised by Mr. Wen Yiduo as "the poem among poems, the peak on the peak" ("The Self-Redemption of Palace Style Poetry" )'s "Spring River with Flowers and Moonlight Night" has fascinated countless readers for more than a thousand years. Zhang Ruoxu, who only left two poems in his life, also because of this poem, "the single poem is so unique that it is useful to everyone."
The title of the poem is fascinating. Spring, river, flowers, moon and night, these five things embody the most moving beauty of life, forming a wonderful artistic realm that is tempting to explore.
The poet started to ask the question, and the question came up at the beginning of the poem, outlining a magnificent picture of the moonlit night on the spring river: the river tide connects to the sea, and the tide of the moon rises. The "sea" here is a virtual reference. The Jiang Chao is vast, as if connected with the sea, and is magnificent. At this time, a bright moon rises with the tide, and the scene is spectacular. The word "生" gives lively life to the bright moon and the tide. The moonlight shines thousands of miles away, and there is no spring river that is not illuminated by the bright moon! The river winds around the spring fields full of flowers and plants, and the moonlight shines on the flower trees, as if sprinkled with a layer of white snow. The poet is really a master of painting. With a single stroke, he can paint the strange "flowers" in the moonlit night on the spring river. At the same time, the theme of "Spring River Flowers and Moonlight Night" was cleverly fulfilled. The poet's observation of the moonlight is extremely subtle: the moonlight has washed away the colorful colors of all things in the world, and dyed the world into a dreamy silver color. Therefore, "the flowing frost cannot be noticed" and "the white sand cannot be seen". Only the bright and bright moonlight exists. The delicate brushstrokes create a mythical and wonderful realm, making the moonlit night on the Spring River look particularly beautiful and tranquil. These eight sentences, from big to small, from far to near, the pen and ink gradually condense on a lonely moon.
The clear and clear heaven, earth and universe seem to make people enter a pure world, which naturally arouses the poet's reverie and meditation: "Who first sees the moon by the river? When did the moon on the river shine on people for the first time?" "The poet's mind leaps forward, but it is closely connected with life, exploring the philosophy of life and the mysteries of the universe. This kind of exploration has also been explored by the ancients, such as Cao Zhi's "Song Yingshi": "There is no end in heaven and earth, human life is like morning frost", Ruan Ji's "Yong Huai": "Life is like dust and dew, the path of heaven is long and long", etc., but the poetry The theme is mostly about the eternity of the universe and the brevity of life. Zhang Ruoxu came up with something unique here. His thoughts did not fall into the stereotypes of his predecessors, but came up with new ideas: "Life is endless from generation to generation, and the river and the moon are only similar every year." Personal life is short and fleeting, and human life is fleeting. Existence lasts for a long time, so the life of "infinite generations" and the bright moon "only similar every year" can survive. This is the relief that the poet feels from the beauty of nature. Although the poet is sentimental about the short life, it is not decadence and despair, but due to the pursuit and love of life. The tone of the whole poem is "sad but not sad", which allows us to hear the echo of the sound of the early Tang Dynasty.
"I don't know who the river moon is waiting for, but I see the Yangtze River sending flowing water." This is closely followed from the previous sentence "only similar". Life goes on from generation to generation, and the moon and the river are like this year after year. A lonely moon hovers in the sky, as if waiting for someone, but it can never do so. Under the moonlight, there is only the rapids of the river, rushing away. As the river flows, the poem creates waves, pushing the poetry to a deeper realm. There is hatred in the river and the moon, while the flowing water is ruthless. The poet naturally changes his brushstrokes from the natural scenery in the first half of the poem to the images of life, which leads to the separation and sorrow of the lovesickness of men and women in the second half of the poem.
The four lines of "Baiyun" are always written in the spring river in the moonlight night, the longing for the wife and the wanderer in two places. "Baiyun" and "Qingfengpu" express feelings through objects. The white clouds are floating, symbolizing the uncertainty of "Bian Zhouzi". "Qingfengpu" is a place name, but "Maple" and "Pu" are often used in poems to express farewell to scenery and places. The two sentences "whose home" and "where" are intertwined. It is precisely because more than one family and one place has the sorrow of separation, that the poet raised such a question. A kind of lovesickness brings out the sorrow of separation in two places, back and forth. The poetry is full of twists and turns.
The following eight sentences of "poor" follow the sentence of "where", describing the missing woman's longing for the deceased. However, the poet does not directly talk about the sadness and tears of the missing woman, but uses the "moon" to highlight her nostalgia, and the tears of sadness come out spontaneously. The poem personifies the "moon", and the word "wandering" is extremely expressive: first, the floating clouds are moving, so the light and shadow are uncertain; second, the moonlight lingers upstairs with compassion for the missing woman and cannot bear to go. It wants to keep company with the woman she misses and relieve her worries, so it spreads its soft radiance on the dressing table, the jade curtain, and the clothes-making anvil. Unexpectedly, the thought of a woman makes her fall in love with her, and she misses her even more. She wanted to get rid of the annoying moonlight, but the moonlight "couldn't be rolled away" and "came back again", sincerely attached to her. The two infatuated movements of "rolling" and "whisking" here vividly express the sorrow and confusion in the heart of the missing woman. The emotions caused by the moonlight are deeply disturbing her. At this moment, doesn't the moonlight also shine on her lover in the distance? *** Looking at the moonlight but unable to know each other, I can only rely on the bright moon to express my longing for each other. Look at the sky: swan geese are flying far away, unable to fly beyond the light and shadow of the moon, so flying is futile; look at the river surface, fish are jumping in the deep water, but they only stir up waves of ripples, and jumping is useless. "The ruler is in the intestines of the fish, and the heart is in the feet of the goose." Yu Yan, who was responsible for delivering messages, could not deliver the news now - how much more sorrow would this cause!
The last eight sentences describe the wanderer, and the poet uses falling flowers, flowing water, and the waning moon to express his longing for home. "Bian Zhouzi" even dreamed of returning home - the flowers fell in the deep pool, the spring was about to grow old, and the people were still far away from each other, how embarrassing it was! The river flows with spring, and what flows away is not only the natural spring, but also the youth, happiness and longing of the wanderers. The moon falling over the river and the pond further brings out his miserable loneliness. The heavy sea fog obscures the falling moon; Jieshi and Xiaoxiang are far apart in the sky, and the road is so far away. The word "Shen" intensified his loneliness; "Infinite Road" also infinitely deepened his homesickness. He thought: On this beautiful night of spring flowers and moon, I wonder how many people can take advantage of the moon to return to their hometown! His detached love, accompanied by the light of the waning moon, is sprinkled on the woods by the river...
"The falling moon shakes the trees all over the river with love", the concluding sentence "shakes love with the trees" "——The endless feeling of longing interweaves the feelings of the moonlight, the feelings of the wanderer, and the feelings of the poet. It is scattered on the river trees and also on the hearts of the readers. The charm is curling and swaying, making it People's hearts are in ecstasy.
"Spring River with Flowers and Moonlight Night" surpasses the previous landscape poems that simply modeled mountains and rivers in terms of thought and art. It is a philosophical poem that "envyes the infinity of the universe and mourns the brief moment of my life" and expresses the farewell feelings of children. Li Xu's love poem. The poet injects new meanings into these common traditional themes, integrating poetry, painting and philosophy. With the description of the moonlit night on the Spring River, he admires the wonderful scenery of nature, sings the pure love of the world, and expresses his love for the wanderer. The sympathy of the missing woman expands and is combined with the pursuit of the philosophy of life and the exploration of the mysteries of the universe, thus forming a beautiful and distant artistic conception in which love, scenery, and reason are in harmony. The poet deliberately hides the profound and beautiful art world in a confusing artistic atmosphere. The whole poem seems to be shrouded in an ethereal and confused moonlight, attracting readers to explore the true meaning of beauty.
The whole poem is written closely against the background of spring, river, flowers, moon and night, with the moon as the main subject. "Moon" is a blend of scenes in the poem. It beats the pulse of the poet and is like a life link in the whole poem. It runs up and down and brings life to life when it touches it. The poetic sentiment fluctuates with the rise and fall of the moon wheel. The moon went through the process of rising, hanging high, slanting westward and setting overnight. Under the light of the moon, the river, the beach, the sky, the wilderness, the maple trees, the flower forest, Feishuang, Bai Qu, the boat, the tall building, the mirror stand, the anvil stone, the flying geese, the diving fish and dragon, and the sleepless missing woman. and the wandering wanderer form a complete poetic image, showing a picture full of life philosophy and life interest. The color tone of this scroll is light and dense. Although it is outlined and dyed with ink, the "ink is divided into five colors", showing a gorgeous and colorful artistic effect from the complementation of black and white, the complementation of virtuality and reality, just like an elegant Chinese ink painting, embodying The beautiful artistic conception of the spring river with flowers and moonlit night.
The rhythm of the poem is also distinctive. The emotional melody that the poet poured into the poem is extremely sad and stirring, but the melody is neither a sorrowful song nor a fast and complicated string, but like a serenade or a dreamy song played by a violin, which is meaningful and meaningful. The inner feelings of the poem are so warm and deep, but they appear to be natural and peaceful, as regular and rhythmic as the beating of the pulse, and the rhythm of the poem also suppresses and turns accordingly. There are thirty-six lines in the whole poem, four lines have one rhyme, and one line has nine rhymes. It starts with the Geng rhyme in the flat tone, followed by the oblique tone Xie rhyme, the flat tone true rhyme, the oblique tone paper rhyme, the flat tone you rhyme, the gray rhyme, the wen rhyme, the hemp rhyme, and finally ends with the oblique tone Yu rhyme. The poet interacts with Yang Yun rhyme and Yin Yun rhyme, alternating high and low sounds, in order of sonorous level (geng, chelate, true) - subtle level (paper) - soft level (you, gray) - loud level (wen, hui) Ma) - subtle level (encounter). The whole poem changes with the change of rhyme and rhyme, interweaving use of oblique and oblique, singing three sighs, exhaling before and after, and the loops are repeated and endless. The music rhythm is strong and beautiful. This change in pronunciation and charm is in line with the ups and downs of poetry. It can be said that the voice and emotion are inextricably linked, and are harmonious and beautiful.
"Spring River Flowers and Moonlight Night" is an old title of Yuefu's "Qing Shang Qu Ci·Wu Sheng Songs". There are different opinions on who the creator was. It may be said that "the origin is unknown"; it may be said that it was done by empress Chen; or it may be said that it was done by Emperor Yang of Sui Dynasty.
According to Guo Maoqian's "Collection of Yuefu Poems", in addition to Zhang Ruoxu's poem, there are two poems by Emperor Yang of the Sui Dynasty, one by Zhuge Ying, two by Zhang Zirong, and one by Wen Tingyun. They may appear to be narrow in layout, or may appear to be too rich in makeup, far inferior to Zhang Ruoxu's piece. This old title, in the hands of Zhang Ruoxu, suddenly became brilliant and gained immortal artistic life. To this day, people no longer even try to find out who the original creator of the old title is, but attribute the real creative power of the title "Spring River Flower Moonlight Night" to Zhang Ruoxu.
Zhang Ruoxu, who left only two poems in his life, became "a solitary and unique poem, but it became a masterpiece for everyone" because of "Spring River Flowers and Moonlight Night". The philosophy of life contained in this poem is like a rush of strong emotions, which has fascinated countless literati and poets for thousands of years. No wonder, this poem was praised by Mr. Wen Yiduo as: "the poem among poems, the pinnacle among pinnacles".
The poem not only depicts a beautiful picture of a moonlit night on the spring river, but also expresses rich and delicate emotions. However, what is particularly important is that rational thinking is also infiltrated into this emotion, that is, there is thinking in the emotion. Faced with such a beautiful picture, facing the most moving beauty of the good time embodied by these five things, the Spring River, Flowers and Moonlight Night, Xu Zhen must be "extreme joy brings sorrow". The clear and clear heaven, earth and universe triggered the poet's reverie and meditation: "River River Who first saw the moon? When did the moon shine on people?" The moon over the river is so beautiful, and the wonderful scenery can't help but remind people of the depth and eternity of the universe, and thus how small and short their own lives are. Who stood by the river and was the first to be surprised by the brightness of the moon? When did the bright moon that illuminates the spring river begin to shine on the human world? I'm afraid no one can tell clearly. After all, human life is too short, too short! If people race against time, they will eventually fail. Life is really easy to pass by. Isn’t the endless replacement of human beings from generation to generation a manifestation of the shortness of life? But the bright moon is the same every year. Why does the river moon remain the same every year? Maybe like the people in the world, they are also waiting for their relatives to arrive! "I don't know who Jiang Yue is shining on" here uses a personification technique, writing that the moon is very emotional, and it can stay bright for many years in order to meet the person she is looking forward to. The poet looked up at the moon and then looked down at the river flowing eastwards. This spring water flowing eastward is so like the passing time! "The passing away is like a man; he does not give up day and night." Isn't life and youth sent away by the torrential water? The poet imagined the finiteness of life from the infinity of time and space, feeling mysterious and intimate, showing a deeper and more comprehensive consciousness of the universe. The image of the moon being similar but the people being different hides the poet's mourning for the short life. This youthful sentimentality runs through the whole poem, creating an artistic conception with endless charm.
But the key to the whole poem lies in the description of the missing woman later in the poem. The missing woman is depressed because she longs to see her lover but cannot. But she still believes that although the two of them are far apart and cannot hear each other, they will definitely miss each other for the bright moon at this time. There is such a famous line in the Southern Dynasty's "Songs of Midnight and Autumn Songs": Look up at the bright moon and send your love to the thousands of miles of light. This means that you can use the moonlight to send your lovesickness to your relatives far away. In this poem, The word "Zhu" here expresses the deep, persistent and ardent longing for the missing woman even more. The image is more concrete and vivid, giving readers a distinct sense of movement. It can be seen that although there is sadness about the short life in the poem, it is only due to the love and pursuit of life, and the poet has not become decadent and desperate because of it. Its tone is "sad but not sad", reflecting the tone of the early Tang Dynasty.
Of course, due to the limitations of the era and class, this poem also has certain shortcomings, and it does not completely escape the main form of the Six Dynasties. The influence of doctrine. However, the deep and profound emotions expressed in the many brightly colored images in this poem also cause people to feel frightened, especially the understanding and appreciation of life, which can arouse readers' curiosity. Thoughts and insights. This is also the performance of the poet's superior skills, which perfectly combines scenery, emotion and reason to create a new artistic conception and give people new understanding and feelings.
Appreciation of Spring River Flowers and Moonlight Night< /p>
It turns out to be a pipa solo called "Sunset Flute and Drum" (also known as "Sunset Flute Song", also known as "Xunyang Pipa", "Xunyang Night Moon", "Xunyang Song") . Around 1925, this piece was adapted into a national orchestral piece for the first time. After the liberation, it was edited and adapted by many people, and it was deeply cherished by audiences at home and abroad. The ingenious and delicate orchestration and meticulous performance vividly depict the charming scenery of the spring river on a moonlit night, and fully praise the grace and beauty of the Jiangnan water town. The whole song is like a long landscape scroll with fine brushwork, soft colors, and elegant elegance.
The first section "Jiang Tower Bells and Drums" depicts the scenery of the sunset reflecting on the river and the ripples in the wind. Then, the band played a beautiful and cantabile theme. The phrases were connected with the same sound, euphemistic and calm; the drum rolled softly, adding to the artistic conception. Far-reaching (Fragment 1). The second and third paragraphs express the artistic conception of "Moon above the East Mountain" (Fragment 2) and "The wind returns to the meandering water". Then, it is like seeing the breeze blowing on the river, the flowers and plants swaying, and the reflections in the water, in a trance. Entering the fifth section of "Deep Water and Clouds", the majestic scenery of "the river and the sky are clear of dust, and the moon is alone in the bright sky" emerges spontaneously. The band plays in unison, speeding up, like white sails, and the fishermen's songs are heard in the distance, from far to near. Pictures of singing songs everywhere.
In the seventh section, the pipa is played with a sweeping wheel, which is like the movement of a fishing boat breaking the water and causing waves to hit the shore. The climax of the whole song is the ninth section "Alas Nai Returning to the Boat", which expresses the artistic conception of returning to the boat from far to near as the water breaks, the waves splash, and the oar sounds "Alas Nai". After returning to the boat and going away, everything is silent, and the Spring River seems even more peaceful. The whole song ends in a melodious and slow melody, which makes people have endless aftertaste.