Therefore, it is best to read and recite classical Chinese, which is of great benefit to the reading and translation of classical Chinese. Memorizing classical Chinese is different from rote memorization, so we should pay attention to methods and get twice the result with half the effort.
(Law) 1. The method of breaking the whole into parts. Reading a classical Chinese as a whole is like "swallowing dates". We should analyze the whole into several meaningful paragraphs and read them in sections.
[Analysis] After analyzing the meaning paragraphs of a text, we can see the clues of the article and the author's ideas, and know the ins and outs of clearly written people and things, and then run through them according to the sequence of things, the logic of life and the explanation of the ins and outs according to the time and place. Once the level is clear, you can recite it quickly after reading it carefully.
Reciting should be carried out in stages, and every breakthrough should be carried out until all the words are recited. (French) Second, the copying method.
This is a way to recite with eyes, mouth, hands and heart. [Analysis] Look at the words, words and sentences of the article, read the words, words and sentences of the article, write the words, words and sentences of the article by hand, and think about the words, words and sentences of the article.
Copy, copy, read, read, copy, not long, read part, copy part, back part. Then if you have read it all, you have copied it all, and you can recite it all.
Familiar, familiar with the mantra, familiar with the hands, familiar with the heart, the full text will be easy to recite. (Law) 3. Progressive method.
Adopting this method is like snowballing, that is, reading the first sentence first, that is, reciting the first sentence; Reading the first sentence and the second sentence together means that the first sentence and the second sentence are recited together. And so on, scroll forward until the complete text is accumulated.
(French) Four or three grasping methods. It is natural to implement the "three stresses" by department.
[Example] Before reciting the "Warring States policy, Tang Ju will live up to his mission", we can use three grasping hands. For example, in the first paragraph, first grasp the first word of this paragraph-"Qin"; Then grasp the opening sentence of this paragraph ── "The king of Qin made people call an Ling Jun Yue"; Finally, grasping the author's thoughts reflected in this paragraph and the context of the article-the confrontation between the king of Qin and the king of Anling is the antecedent of the Tang drama's mission and the prelude to the struggle between the two sides.
The beginning of the plot. These three grippers have promoted each other.
It is easier to recite the text according to these tips. (French) 5. Take care of translation and recitation.
That is, from style to classical Chinese. [Example] If you want to recite Ouyang Xiu's Zuiweng Pavilion, you can first translate it sentence by sentence into modern Chinese (that is, "modern translation"), then return to ancient Chinese according to the translated Chinese (that is, modern translation), and then from ancient to modern, that is, from translation back to the original classical Chinese, repeatedly. This not only practices the translation from modern times to ancient times, but also compares the vocabulary syntax between ancient times and modern times.
[Analysis] The above five methods are effective for reciting the original text. Of course, every method can be used, and it seems better to combine several methods.
In short, there is no fixed method. First, everyone can use whatever method they like, which is subjective. Second, it depends on the objective reciting effect. If a method is adopted quickly (memorized quickly) and well (memorized accurately), then that method is the best. Recitation is a basic skill that middle school students should have and an effective way to improve their own quality. The new textbook for senior high school, which began to be used this autumn, has many recitation items, among which classical Chinese accounts for the vast majority, which shows that the writers of the new textbook attach importance to recitation, especially classical Chinese recitation.
In this way, how to improve the speed and ability of reciting classical Chinese has become an important topic for every high school student. Although the fundamental method is to learn to recite on the basis of understanding, if you can master some recitation skills, you will get twice the result with half the effort. Why don't we have a try? Based on my own experience in reciting and teaching classical Chinese, combined with the recitation topic "Zou Ji satirizes Wang Qike's guidance" (hereinafter referred to as "Zou Wen") in the new textbook of Senior One, I talk about how to recite classical Chinese quickly and effectively.
First, take shorthand into recitation in relatively neat sentences. There are many neat sentences in classical Chinese with the same or similar structures and similar words (such as antithesis and parallelism). These sentences give people the impression of clear rhythm, loud and coherent. We can make use of their advantages in pronunciation and rhythm to memorize, and the effect of memorizing is much better than mixing with other contents.
For example, in Zou, there is: "My wife is beautiful and I am private; The beauty of my concubine is afraid of me; The beauty of the guest is me, I want my things. " "My wife is a private minister, my concubine is afraid of me, and my guests want my things, all of which are beautiful in Xu Gong."
"Today, the land is thousands of miles away and there are 120 cities. Ladies-in-waiting are private kings, and courtiers are not afraid of kings. They all want the king to be within four borders. " "Officials and people, who can stab me in the face, will be rewarded; There will be a reward for those who write and exhort me; Those who can slander the city will be rewarded if they listen to me. "
There are several places to remember this. Second, compare the similarities and differences of related similar sentences to shorthand and recite.
In classical Chinese, there are some sentences with related contents and different forms. We can remember separately by seeking differences. For example, in the first paragraph of Zou, Zou Ji and his wife asked for beauty and answered. They have basically the same meaning, but in different ways.
By comparison, we can quickly find their differences. Zou Ji used "... this and ..." in his three questions for the first time and the second time. The difference is that the second sentence lacks a "north of the city" than the first sentence; The third sentence uses the same sentence pattern as modern Chinese: "... or ...".
In the three people's answers, the wives and concubines all used rhetorical questions like "How can Xu Cangong be as beautiful as a gentleman", but the concubines didn't mean to say "You are very beautiful", and the guests' answers were purely perfunctory, so they used the general negative sentence "Xu Gong is not as beautiful as you". Distinguish the difference, and it is naturally much more convenient to remember.
In addition, the sentences mentioned in the first point also have some differences in terms, and distinguishing these differences will also be beneficial to our memory. Third, consolidate the middle paragraph.
From a psychological point of view, it is easy for people to remember things that are in a prominent position, but they are not clear.
2. How to recite long ancient prose, ancient poetry can be from short to long, from simple to difficult, which helps to cultivate a sense of language and enhance self-confidence.
Poems with short length and simple structure are best recited. For example, most of the national styles of The Book of Songs are like this, most of them are sung three times, and only a few words change throughout, which is very easy to remember. Second, you can remember the five-seven-off and five-seven-rhythm, with clear rhyme, strong sense of rhythm and catchy words.
By the way, if you master some basic knowledge of meter, antithesis and rhyme when reciting ancient poems, it will be even more powerful. Once again, I think of ancient customs, such as "Li Bai's Dream" and "Pipa Travel", all of which are five sentences and seven sentences, and the structure is relatively organized.
Again, it is more important than antithesis, longer than breath, and easier to use. Relatively speaking, words, songs and ancient prose are not easy to remember.
As for ci, except for a few epigrams such as "Health Chazi", "Huanxisha" and "Yulouchun", the others are long and short, and there is no certain rhythm to follow. Not to mention ancient prose, and the more time goes forward, the more it tends to bend.
There seems to be no better way to recite than on the basis of overall understanding. However, reciting any poem, if you can deeply feel and understand the changes of the author's mood, perspective and thought, will not only be of great benefit to quick and in-depth memory, but also help to improve your literary accomplishment and even your writing ability (if you want to try to write ancient poems yourself).
3. Is there any good way to recite classical Chinese quickly? Recitation has two obvious functions; First, it can help to understand the content in depth; Second, it can improve the effect of reading translation. Therefore, it is best to read and recite classical Chinese, which is of great benefit to the reading and translation of classical Chinese. Memorizing classical Chinese is different from rote memorization, so we should pay attention to methods and get twice the result with half the effort.
(Law) 1. The method of breaking the whole into parts. Reading a classical Chinese as a whole is like "swallowing dates". We should analyze the whole into several meaningful paragraphs and read them in sections.
[Analysis] After analyzing the meaning paragraphs of a text, we can see the clues of the article and the author's ideas, and know the ins and outs of clearly written people and things, and then run through them according to the sequence of things, the logic of life and the explanation of the ins and outs according to the time and place. Once the level is clear, you can recite it quickly after reading it carefully. Reciting should be carried out in stages, and every breakthrough should be carried out until all the words are recited.
(French) Second, the copying method. This is a way to recite with eyes, mouth, hands and heart. [Analysis] Look at the words, words and sentences of the article, read the words, words and sentences of the article, write the words, words and sentences of the article by hand, and think about the words, words and sentences of the article. Copy, copy, read, read, copy, not long, read part, copy part, back part. Then if you have read it all, you have copied it all, and you can recite it all. Familiar, familiar with the mantra, familiar with the hands, familiar with the heart, the full text will be easy to recite.
(Law) 3. Progressive method. Adopting this method is like snowballing, that is, reading the first sentence first, that is, reciting the first sentence; Reading the first sentence and the second sentence together means that the first sentence and the second sentence are recited together. And so on, scroll forward until the complete text is accumulated.
(French) Four or three grasping methods. It is natural to implement the "three stresses" by department.
[Example] Before reciting the "Warring States policy, Tang Ju will live up to his mission", we can use three grasping hands. For example, in the first paragraph, first grasp the first word of this paragraph-"Qin"; Then grasp the opening sentence of this paragraph ── "The king of Qin made people call an Ling Jun Yue"; Finally, grasping the author's thoughts reflected in this paragraph and the context of the article-the confrontation between the king of Qin and the king of Anling is the antecedent of the Tang drama's mission and the prelude to the struggle between the two sides. The beginning of the plot. These three grippers have promoted each other. It is easier to recite the text according to these tips.
(French) 5. Take care of translation and recitation. That is, from style to classical Chinese.
[Example] If you want to recite Ouyang Xiu's Zuiweng Pavilion, you can first translate it sentence by sentence into modern Chinese (that is, "modern translation"), then return to ancient Chinese according to the translated Chinese (that is, modern translation), and then from ancient to modern, that is, from translation back to the original classical Chinese, repeatedly. This not only practices the translation from modern times to ancient times, but also compares the vocabulary syntax between ancient times and modern times.
[Analysis] The above five methods are effective for reciting the original text. Of course, every method can be used, and it seems better to combine several methods. In short, there is no fixed method. One is to use whatever method everyone likes, which is subjective. The other depends on the objective reciting effect. If a method is fast (fast) and good (accurate), then that method is the best.