Myanmar is an ancient civilization with a long history. After forming a unified country in 1044, it experienced three feudal dynasties: Bagan, Dongwu and Gongbang. The British launched three wars of invasion and occupation of Myanmar between 1824 and 1885. In 1886, the British classified Myanmar as a province of British India. Myanmar separated from British India in 1937 and came directly under the rule of the British Governor-General. In 1942, the Japanese army occupied Myanmar. In 1945, there was a nationwide general uprising and Myanmar was restored. The British later regained control of Burma. In October 1947, Britain was forced to promulgate the Myanmar Independence Act. On January 4, 1948, Myanmar declared independence from the British Commonwealth and established the Union of Myanmar. In January 1974, it was renamed the Socialist Republic of the Union of Myanmar, and on September 23, 1988, it was renamed the "Union of Myanmar". Myanmar is a famous "country of Buddhism". Buddhism has been introduced to Myanmar for more than 2,500 years. More than 1,000 years ago, the Burmese began to carve Buddhist sutras on the leaves of a kind of tree called Bedoluo, making them into Beiye sutras. Just as Li Shangyin mentioned in his poem, "I remember worshiping the lotus seat and listening to the Bay-leaf Sutra." Among Myanmar's more than 53 million people, more than 80% believe in Buddhism. Every man in Myanmar must shave his hair and become a monk within a certain period of time. Otherwise, you will be scorned by society. Buddhists advocate building pagodas, and pagodas must be built when building temples. There are many pagodas all over Myanmar. Therefore, Myanmar is also known as the "Land of Pagodas". The various splendid pagodas make Myanmar a tourist attraction. Myanmar
The history of Myanmar can be traced back to 5,000 years ago. At that time, the villages along the Irrawaddy River in Myanmar were already inhabited by humans. The division of Burma into "Upper Burma" and "Lower Burma" was an artificial division after British colonial rule. According to legend, the Pyu people entered the upper reaches of the Irrawaddy River in 200 BC and controlled the trade route between China and India. Two centuries later, the Mon came to the Sittang River Basin, and in 849 the Burmese took over the Piao River Basin and established the city of Bagan (Pagan). Bagan Dynasty (1044-1287) The Bagan Dynasty was established in 1044 by King Anawrahta (reigned 1044-1077). It was the first unified empire in Myanmar and used Theravada Buddhism as the state religion. . King Anawrahta conquered the Shan and Mon tribes one after another and continued to expand his territory. When King Alaungsithu (1111-1167) was in power, Theravada Buddhism gradually became the mainstream and reached its peak in the early 13th century. Of the more than 3,000 temples built at that time, 100 are still preserved today. In 1287, Kublai Khan, the ruler of the Yuan Dynasty, led the Yuan army to invade and ended the Bagan Dynasty. After that, Myanmar entered the Shan period. Toungoo Dynasty (1531-1752) In 1531, the Burmese Tabinshwehti (Tabinshwehti, 1531-1550) unified Myanmar for the second time, established the Toungoo Dynasty and proclaimed himself king, and established the capital Bago City in 1546 ( Pegu). After Bayinnaung came to the throne, his resources were exhausted due to repeated wars with the powerful Thai Ayutthaya Kingdom (Ayutthaya Kingdom). Finally, in 1599, Bago City was conquered by the Akha people. Occupied and moved the capital to Ava. The Toungoo Kingdom finally fell in 1752. In 1753, Alaungpaya, a Burmese, appeared, drove away the Mon people who occupied Ava at that time, and established Daguang City. Konbaung Dynasty (1752-1885) 1782-1819 was the autocratic period ruled by King Bodawpaya. Because of his repeated attempts to invade Thailand, the British, who occupied India at the time, could not help but worry about the possible consequences of Burma. threaten. Colonial Period (1885-1948) Tensions between Britain and Burma reached their peak in the two Anglo-Burmese Wars of 1824-1826 and 1852. The British won both wars and finally captured the city of Bago and called it Lower Burma. After the British entered Burma, the economy of Upper Burma also improved significantly. In 1886, Britain once again won the third Anglo-Burmese War. At this time, Britain incorporated Burma as a province of India and established its government in Rangoon. During the British colonial period, Myanmar's transportation and education were greatly improved. The British worked hard to develop waterways, allowing countless steamships to sail on the Irrawaddy River. Railways and roads were also built and improved to make up for the lack of waterways. At this time, the large influx of Indian immigrants made labor cheap and threatened the local economy. As a result, the Burmese began to harbor hatred towards Indians, leading to anti-Indian riots in 1930. In 1936, in the first and only election under British rule, Dr. BaMaw was elected as the Prime Minister of the government under British control. In 1937, the British created a unique Burmese constitution, allowing the Burmese to control their own affairs. Domestic affairs. During World War II, Japan occupied Myanmar in May 1942 and established the Myanmar executive government headed by Ba Mo. With the support of Japan, Gen. Aung San, who opposed the British colonial government and longed for independence, organized the Burmese Independence Volunteer Army. In 1942, he led the army to participate in the battle against the British army with the Japanese army, and then announced with the support of the Japanese army Burma gained independence from Britain.
In 1943, Bamo, Aung San and others were invited to visit Japan. They returned to reorganize the Myanmar government, and Aung San became the Minister of Defense. In 1944, Aung San began to support the Allied side of the United States and Britain and organized the "Anti-Fascist People's Freedom League" to fight against the Japanese army. After Japan surrendered in 1945, Burma's independence was declared effective. After the war, Myanmar was still under British control, and Aung San was assassinated in July 1947. Aung San's successor Thakin Nu continued to lead the independence movement, and the Union of Myanmar was formally established in early 1948 after the British Parliament formally recognized Myanmar's independence on January 4, 1948.